Abstract:
An immersion lithographic apparatus is provided with a liquid confinement structure which defines at least in part a space configured to contain liquid between the projection system and the substrate. In order to reduce the crossing of the edge of the substrate which is being imaged (which can lead to inclusion of bubbles in the immersion liquid), the cross-sectional area of the space in a plane parallel to the substrate is made as small as possible. The smallest theoretical size is the size of the target portion which is imaged by the projection system. In an embodiment, the shape of a final element of the projection system is also changed to have a similar size and/or shape in a cross-section parallel to the substrate to that of the target portion.
Abstract:
A solution agitation system to provide a uniform and controlled turbulent flow of treatment liquid over both sides of a flat substrate which is suspended in a treatment solution, wherein a directed liquid spray pattern below the treatment solution level creates parallel, flowing walls of solution running downward through the tank and on each opposite side of the substrate.
Abstract:
A SOLUTION AGITATION PROCESS AND SYSTEM OF PROVIDE A UNIFORM AND CONTROLLED TURBULENT FLOW OF TREATMENT LIQUID OVER BOTH SIDES OF A FLAT SUBSTRATE WHICH IS SUSPENDED IN A TREATMENT SOLUTION, WHEREIN A DIRECTED LIQUID SPRAY PATTERN BELOW THE TREATMEBT SOLUTION LEVEL CREATES PARALLEL, FLOWING WALLS OF SOLUTION RUNNING DOWNWARD THROUGH THE TANK AND ON EACH OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE SUBSTRATE.