Abstract:
The invention relates to instruments which include radiometers and which generate a laser beam for striking a target at a distance to assist in aiming the instrument at a selected area of a target. Provision is made for splitting a single beam, used for instance for centering the instrument on the target, into a plurality of beams for creating a pattern or for defining an area on the target. When a single beam is split, the resultant plural beams produced are of relatively lower power, which may be insufficient for visibility on a target at a distance. The invention provides apparatus to increase the power of the single laser beam when it is split, so as to provide plural beams of appropriately higher power and visibility.
Abstract:
An optical deflection module adapted to generate a plurality of angular positions for at least one incident optical beam. For each optical beam, the module comprises a line containing:—a plurality of N cascading deflection elements (MD1, MD2, . . . MDI, . . . MDN) which can each take respectively P1, P2, . . . PI, . . . or PN different angular deflection configurations around at least one given axis; and—a plurality of N−1 optical conjugate elements (MCO1, MCO2, . . . MCO1, . . . , MCON−1) which are each disposed between two successive deflection elements in order to produce an object/image conjugate between the successive deflection elements.
Abstract:
A method for fabricating a geometric beamsplitter involves applying a reflective coating having at least one metallic layer to a transparent substrate. A pattern of holes containing numerous holes that are preferably randomly distributed over its reflective surface is created in the reflective coating using laser processing. The method allows inexpensively fabricating beamsplitters that have accurately defined transmittances. Beamsplitters in accordance with the invention are suitable for use as dosimetry mirrors on, for example, the illumination systems of microlithographic projection exposure systems.
Abstract:
A laser-radiation source includes a laser delivering an output beam, a lens, and an optical arrangement for dividing the output beam into a main beam and an auxiliary beam. The main and auxiliary beams are coupled by the lens into entrance faces of respectively a main optical fiber and an auxiliary optical fiber. The entrance face of the main optical fiber is located on the optical axis of the lens. The entrance face of the auxiliary optical fiber is laterally displaced from the optical axis of the lens.
Abstract:
A laser irradiation apparatus having a low running cost compared to the conventional, and a laser irradiation method using the laser irradiation apparatus, are provided. Crystal grains having a size in the same order as, or greater than, conventional grains are formed. The cooling speed of a semiconductor film is made slower, and it becomes possible to form crystal grains having a grain size in the same order as, or greater than, the size of grains formed in the case of irradiating laser light having a long output time to the semiconductor film. This is achieved by delaying one laser light with respect to another laser light, combining the laser lights, and performing irradiation to the semiconductor film in the case of irradiating laser light using a solid state laser as a light source, which has a short output time.
Abstract:
A method of fabricating a plurality of composite optical assemblies is disclosed. Each optical assembly includes a first optical element and a second optical element. The method includes the steps of providing a first composite substrate that may be divided into a plurality of first optical elements and forming on an exposed surface of the first composite substrate a second composite substrate that may be divided into a plurality of second optical elements, the first and second composite substrates providing a composite structure.
Abstract:
An improved fiber optic tap monitor has characteristics that are flatter over the wavelength range of interest. The polarization dependence of the characteristics of the tap monitor is reduced, and the package for the tap monitor is smaller. The tap monitor reduces the amount of light reflected back to the source. The tap monitor is also assembled in a manner to improve temperature stability, so that its characteristics over a range of temperatures are more nearly constant.
Abstract:
A beam splitting apparatus generates, from incident light having a specific polarization, first and second split light that has the specific polarization.
Abstract:
An apparatus for determining the light power level of a light beam (7), having a beam splitter (1) and a detector (11) associated with the beam splitter (1), is disclosed. The apparatus is characterized in that the beam splitter (1) splits measuring light (23) out of the light beam and conveys it to the detector (11), and that the ratio between the light power level of the light beam (7) and the light power level of the measuring light (23) measured at the detector (11) is constant over time.
Abstract:
An dynamic optical filter 10 is provided to selectively attenuate or filter a wavelength band(s) of light (i.e., optical channel(s)) or a group(s) of wavelength bands of an optical WDM input signal 12. The optical filter is controllable or programmable to selectively provide a desired filter function. The optical filter 10 includes a spatial light modulator 36, which comprises an array of micromirrors 52 that effectively forms a two-dimensional diffraction grating mounted in a retro-reflecting configuration. Each optical channel 14 is dispersed separately or overlappingly onto the array of micro-mirrors 52 along a spectral axis or direction 55 such that each optical channel or group of optical channels are spread over a plurality of micromirrors to effectively pixelate each of the optical channels or input signal. Each channel 14 or group of channels may be selectively attenuated by flipping or tilting a selected number of micromirrors to thereby deflect a portion of the incident radiation away from the return optical path. The micro-mirrors operate in a digital manner by flipping between a first and second position in response to a control signal 56 provided by a controller 58 in accordance with an attenuation algorithm and an input command 60. The switching algorithm may provide a bit (or pixel) map or look-up table indicative of the state of each of the micro-mirrors 52 of the array to selectively attenuate the input signal and provide a modified output signal 38 at optical fiber 40.