Abstract:
Methods are provided for the three dimensional manipulation of cells, and for the formation of an organized engineered cell tissue. Also provided are the organized engineered cell tissues produced by the methods. In one method, a plurality of magnetically labeled cells are mixed with a cross-linkable hydrogel to form a cell-hydrogel mixture, the at least a portion of the plurality of magnetically labeled cells are manipulated with a magnetic field to arrange the magnetically labeled cells into a specific cellular arrangement, and the hydrogel is crosslinked to form the organized engineered cell tissue. The approach presented herein offers a means to circumvent the deficiencies in the field of regenerative medicine, and allows for the production of organized tissues in situ with specific cellular organizations that mimic the native tissue.
Abstract:
Probe structures and fabrication techniques are described. The described probe structures can be used as probes for various applications such as conductance measurement probes, field emitter probes, nanofabrication probes, and magnetic bit writing or reading probes.
Abstract:
Field emitter arrays with split gates and methods for operating the same. A field emitter array may include one or more pairs of split gates, each connected to a corresponding voltage source, the split gates forming at least one gate hole for at least one emitter tip. Voltages, for example, AC voltages V1 and V2 may be applied to the split gates to perform one- or two-dimensional scanning or tilting depending on a ratio of V1 and V2.
Abstract:
This invention discloses novel field emitters which exhibit improved emission characteristics combined with improved emitter stability, in particular, new types of carbide or nitride based electron field emitters with desirable nanoscale, aligned and sharped-tip emitter structures.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a novel channel structure of human amyloid beta protein (AbP) in lipid membranes and a rapid, quantitative and specific assay for screening test compounds, such as drugs, ligands (natural or synthetic), proteins, peptides and small organic molecules for their ability to bind and block the membrane AbP channels. The invention further relates to screening and identifying therapeutically relevant compounds for treating Alzheimer's disease and other disorders.
Abstract:
In accordance with the invention, a field emission device is made by providing the device electrodes, forming a plurality of corrugated insulating rods with discontinuous coatings of conductive or semiconductive material with low secondary electron emission coefficient, adhering the rods to an electrode, cutting the rods to define corrugated pillars, and finishing the device. The result is low cost production of a field emission device having superior resistance to breakdown in high field operation.
Abstract:
This invention provides novel methods of fabricating novel gated field emission structures that include aligned nanowire electron emitters (individually or in small groups) localized in central regions within gate apertures. It also provides novel devices using nanoscale emitters for microwave amplifiers, electron-beam lithography, field emission displays and x-ray sources. The new emission structures are particularly useful in the new devices
Abstract:
In accordance with the present invention, apparatus for performing electron beam lithography on selected portions of a substrate having a resist covered surface comprises a plurality of nanoscale electron emitters for emitting directional beams of electrons and, for each emitter, a directional control element to direct the emitted beam toward the selected portions. In a preferred embodiment the emitters comprise carbon nanotubes, and the directional control elements comprise micro-electro-mechanical disks in a two-dimensional array. In an alternative embodiment the directional control elements are electrodes.
Abstract:
The invention comprises a method of fabricating a vacuum microtube device comprising the steps of forming a cathode layer comprising an array of electron emitters, forming a gate layer comprising an array of openings for passing electrons from the electron emitters, and forming an anode layer for receiving electrons from the emitters. The cathode gate layer and the anode layer are vertically aligned and bonded together with intervening spacers on a silicon substrate so that electrons from respective emitters pass through respective gate openings to the anode. The use of substrate area is highly efficient and electrode spacing can be precisely controlled. An optional electron multiplying structure providing secondary electron emission material can be disposed between the gate layer and the anode in the path of emitted electrons.
Abstract:
A MEMs mirror device comprises a mirror layer, a frame structure, and an actuator layer. At least one mirror is movably coupled to the frame. The actuator layer includes at least one conductive path for moving the mirror. In accordance with the invention, the mirror is curved for efficiently directing and focusing reflected light. The mirror comprises a metal-coated base, and curvature can be achieved by doping selected regions of the base or by using coating/base combinations with sufficient mismatch that they be curved by differential thermal expansion. The resulting MEMs devices are advantageous for optical switching, variable attenuation and power gain equalization.