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公开(公告)号：US4844878A
公开(公告)日：1989-07-04
申请号：US108779
申请日：1987-10-14
CPC分类号： B01D53/56 , B01J2219/00058
摘要： A process is presented for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in the effluent from the combustion of a carbonaceous fuel. The process comprises introducing a treatment agent comprising a composition selected from the group consisting of NH.sub.4 -lignosulfonate, calcium lignosulfonate, 2-furoci acid, 1,3 dioxolane, 1,4 dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, furfurylamine, furfurylalcohol, gluconic acid, citric acid, formic acid, n-butyl acetate, 1,3 butylene glycol, methylal, tetrahydrofuryl alcohol, furan, fish oil, coumalic acid, furfuryl acetate, tetrahydrofuran 2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid, tetrahydrofurylamine, furylacrylic acid, tetrahydropyran, 2,5-furandimethanol, mannitol, hexamethylenediamine, barbituric acid, acetic anhydride, oxalic acid, mucic acid and d-galactose into an effluent under conditions effective to reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the effluent.
摘要翻译： 提出了用于还原来自碳质燃料燃烧的流出物中的氮氧化物的方法。 该方法包括引入包含选自NH 4 - 木质素磺酸盐，木质素磺酸钙，2-糠酸，1,3-二氧戊环，1,4-二恶烷，四氢呋喃，糠胺，糠醇，葡萄糖酸，柠檬酸， 甲酸，乙酸正丁酯，1,3-丁二醇，甲缩醛，四氢呋喃醇，呋喃，鱼油，香豆酸，乙酸糠酯，四氢呋喃2,3,4,5-四羧酸，四氢呋喃胺，呋喃基丙烯酸，四氢吡喃，2 ，5-呋喃二甲醇，甘露醇，六亚甲基二胺，巴比妥酸，乙酸酐，草酸，粘酸和D-半乳糖在有效降低流出物中氮氧化物浓度的条件下转化成流出物。
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公开(公告)号：US4812431A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-14
申请号：US84243
申请日：1987-08-12
申请人： Jonathan E. Child
发明人： Jonathan E. Child
CPC分类号： C10G11/182
摘要： Coke is removed from particulate catalyst by passing the coke-containing catalyst into a regenerator containing a fluidized dense bed of catalyst. An oxygen containing gas is added to the regenerator to burn coke from catalyst. The dense bed has a reducing atmosphere in its lower half because most of the CO promoter catalyst present in the regenerator is in the upper half of the dense bed. Nitrogen oxides formed during coke combustion are at least partially reacted to form free nitrogen in the CO-rich atmosphere within the lower-half of the regenerator dense bed. A CO combustion promotor, e.g., platinum on alumina, having a low density, or small size is preferred as it concentrates near the upper portion of the regenerator dense bed. The process is especially useful in FCC regenerators for minimizing the NO.sub.x content of the flue gas, however, it is applicable to any fluidized bed combustion process.
摘要翻译： 通过将含焦炭催化剂送入含有流化密胺催化剂层的再生器中，从颗粒催化剂中除去焦炭。 向再生器中加入含氧气体以从催化剂中燃烧焦炭。 致密床在其下半部分具有还原气氛，因为存在于再生器中的大部分CO助催化剂催化剂位于致密床的上半部分。 在焦炭燃烧期间形成的氮氧化物至少部分地反应，以在再生器密床的下半部的富CO气氛中形成游离氮。 优选CO燃烧促进剂，例如氧化铝上的铂，具有低密度或小尺寸，因为它集中在再生器致密床的上部附近。 该方法在用于使烟道气的NOx含量最小化的FCC再生器中特别有用，然而，其适用于任何流化床燃烧过程。
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33.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4744962A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-17
申请号：US76530
申请日：1987-07-22
CPC分类号： C10G11/185 , B01D53/58 , C10G11/182 , Y02P30/446
摘要： A regeneration zone for fluid catalytic cracking contains ammonia (NH.sub.3) when the regeneration zone is operated in a partial combustion mode as defined by a content of CO of between 1 and 6 percent by volume. If the ammonia is not removed from the regeneration zone off gass, the same will be passed to a CO combustion zone where, in the presence of oxygen, CO is oxidized to CO.sub.2 and some of the ammonia will undesirably be oxidized to NO.sub.x. This invention reduces the presence of ammonia in the feed gas to a CO combustion zone of an FCC process by the introduction of a NO.sub.x -containing gas to dilute phase of a regeneration zone or to a regeneration zone off gas. Ammonia, NO.sub.x and oxygen present in the regeneration zone off gas of the regeneration zone, will tend to react to produce nitrogen and water vapor, which then is passed to the CO combustion zone for CO oxidation to CO.sub.2. Where the addition of NO.sub.x is made at temperatures greater than 1700.degree. F., hydroxyl precursor addition may not be required. Where addition is made at temperatures lower than 1700.degree. F. a hydroxyl precursor may be added to the gas admixtures.
摘要翻译： 当再生区以部分燃烧模式操作时，用于流化催化裂化的再生区包含氨（NH 3），其由CO含量定义为1至6体积％。 如果没有从再生区除去氨气，则同样的气体将被传递到CO燃烧区，其中在氧气存在下CO被氧化成CO 2，并且一些氨将不希望地氧化成NOx。 本发明通过引入含有NO x的气体稀释再生区的稀释相或废气再生区，将进料气中的氨的存在降低到FCC工艺的CO燃烧区。 存在于再生区的再生区中的氨，NOx和氧气将会倾向于反应以产生氮和水蒸气，然后将其传递到CO燃烧区以CO氧化成CO 2。 当在大于1700°F的温度下添加NOx时，可能不需要添加羟基前体。 如果在低于1700°C的温度下加入，则可将羟基前体加入到气体混合物中。
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公开(公告)号：US4720476A
公开(公告)日：1988-01-19
申请号：US895405
申请日：1986-08-11
IPC分类号： B01J21/16 , B01D53/56 , B01D53/86 , B01D53/94 , B01J8/00 , B01J20/12 , B01J21/12 , B01J23/10 , B01J23/16 , B01J23/22 , B01J23/24 , B01J37/00 , C01B21/20
CPC分类号： B01J21/16 , B01D53/8628 , B01J23/22 , B01J23/28 , B01J23/30 , B01J35/1066
摘要： A catalyst for decreasing the content of nitrogen oxides in flue gases. The catalyst contains at least one of the metals titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, or cerium in the form of one or more of their oxides combined with a silicate with a three-layer structure (three-layer silicate) comprising acid-activated pyrophyllite. The crystalline layer structure of the acid-activated pyrophyllite is essentially retained, while being not yet X-ray amorphous. The acid activation increases the BET surface area at least 15% and preferably at least 50% in terms of the BET surface area of the pyrophyllite before acid activation. The atomic ratio of the silicon in the acid-activated pyrophyllite to the metal in the oxide is from 0.2 and 50 and preferably from 0.4 to 25.
摘要翻译： 用于降低烟道气中氮氧化物含量的催化剂。 催化剂含有至少一种金属钛，锆，钒，钨，钼或铈中的一种或多种氧化物与具有三层结构（三层硅酸盐）的硅酸盐形式， 活性叶蜡石。 酸活化的叶蜡石的结晶层结构基本上保持不变，而尚未成为X射线无定形。 在酸活化之前，酸活化使得BET表面积在叶蜡石的BET表面积方面增加至少15％，优选至少50％。 酸活化的叶蜡石中的硅与氧化物中的金属的原子比为0.2〜50，优选为0.4〜25。
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35.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4629613A
公开(公告)日：1986-12-16
申请号：US682071
申请日：1984-12-17
IPC分类号： C07D215/26 , C01B21/14 , C07C53/10 , C07C53/122 , C01B21/20
CPC分类号： C01B21/149 , C07C53/10 , C07C53/122
摘要： Stabilized solutions of hydroxylamine or its salts in water or alcohols, containing 8-hydroxyquinaldines, and their preparation.
摘要翻译： 羟胺或其盐在含有8-羟基喹啉的水或醇中的稳定溶液及其制备。
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36.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4551318A
公开(公告)日：1985-11-05
申请号：US685257
申请日：1984-12-24
IPC分类号： C07D311/60 , C01B21/14 , C07C53/10 , C07C53/122 , C01B21/20
CPC分类号： C01B21/149 , C07C53/10 , C07C53/122
摘要： Stabilized solutions of hydroxylamine or its salts, containing anthocyans of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each hydrogen, hydroxyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy and X is an anion of a strong mineral acid, and their preparation.
摘要翻译： 羟胺或其盐的稳定化溶液，其含有式“IMAGE”的花青素，其中R1，R2，R3和R4各自为氢，羟基或C1-C4-烷氧基，X为强无机酸的阴离子及其制备。
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公开(公告)号：US4491567A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-01
申请号：US481000
申请日：1983-05-31
申请人： Gunther Rapp , Erwin Thomas , Rolf Muenster , Brodus E. Caffall , Philip A. Cyr , Thomas M. Jones
发明人： Gunther Rapp , Erwin Thomas , Rolf Muenster , Brodus E. Caffall , Philip A. Cyr , Thomas M. Jones
CPC分类号： C01B21/1418
摘要： Hydroxylammonium salts are manufactured by a process comprising the catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with hydrogen in a dilute aqueous mineral acid in the presence of a suspended platinum catalyst at an elevated temperature, wherein the reaction is carried out in vessels of which the walls consist of conventional copper-containing austenitic chromium-nickel steels which contain from 16 to 28% by weight of chromium, from 32 to 50% by weight of nickel, from 1 to 4% by weight of molybdenum, up to 4% by weight of copper and at most 0.1% by weight of carbon and which in addition contain an amount of titanium which is at least 5 times the amount of carbon but is not more than 1% by weight, or an amount of niobium or tantalum which is at least 8 times the amount of carbon but is not more than 1.5% by weight.
摘要翻译： 羟基铵盐通过包括在悬浮铂催化剂的存在下在升高的温度下在稀的无机酸水溶液中用氢气催化还原一氧化氮的方法制备，其中反应在其中由壁组成的容器中进行，其常规 含铜的奥氏体铬镍钢，含有16至28重量％的铬，32至50重量％的镍，1至4重量％的钼，至多4重量％的铜和 最多0.1重量％的碳，并且还含有一定量的钛，其量为碳的量的至少5倍但不超过1重量％，或者铌或钽的量为至少8重量％ 碳量不超过1.5重量％。
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公开(公告)号：US4477424A
公开(公告)日：1984-10-16
申请号：US344614
申请日：1982-02-01
CPC分类号： C01B21/1418
摘要： An improved process for the continuous preparation of hydroxylammonium salts by catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with hydrogen in a dilute aqueous solution of a mineral acid in the presence of a suspended noble metal catalyst at an elevated temperature in several reaction zones connected in series, wherein the improvement comprises maintaining a pH of
摘要翻译： 在悬浮的贵金属催化剂的存在下，在连续串联的几个反应区中的高温下，通过在无机酸的稀的水溶液中用氢气将一氧化氮与氢气一起催化还原，从而连续制备羟基铵盐的改进方法，其中 改进包括在最后一个反应区域保持<2.0的pH。
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公开(公告)号：US4451436A
公开(公告)日：1984-05-29
申请号：US442367
申请日：1983-02-01
申请人： Louis R. O'Hare
发明人： Louis R. O'Hare
CPC分类号： C01B21/32 , B01J12/002 , B01J19/088 , C01C1/0405 , C01C1/0494 , B01J2219/0894 , Y02P20/52 , Y10S422/904
摘要： A system and a method of nitrogen fixation is disclosed in which nitrogen and other gases such as oxygen are electrically activated and reacted on a catalyst-like material to provide a fixed nitrogen product in such a way that the reactant gases are first placed into an excited state by a single electrode electric discharge acting on a gas stream and then by means of the stream the reactants are contacted on the catalyst-like material on which they are then combined and the product compounds which are thereby formed are shielded by the same catalytic material from ultra violet radiation generated by the electric excitation, said shielding being to prevent subsequent disassociation of the product compounds, and the gas stream emerging on the downstream side of the catalyst carries the products to an absorption bed on which they are absorbed and concentrated and then reacted with a periodic flow of hydrogen to provide ammonia. In an alternate embodiment the products absorbed on the bed are first desorbed and then reacted with hydrogen.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种固氮系统和方法，其中氮气和其它气体如氧被电活化并在催化剂样材料上反应以提供固定氮产物，使得反应气体首先被置于激发态 通过作用在气流上的单个电极放电，然后通过该流将反应物与催化剂样材料接触，然后将它们组合，由此形成的产物化合物被相同的催化材料 通过电激发产生的紫外线辐射，所述屏蔽是防止产物化合物随后的分离，并且出现在催化剂下游侧的气流将产物运送到吸收床，吸收床被吸收并吸收并浓缩 与周期性氢气反应以提供氨。 在另一个实施方案中，吸附在床上的产物首先被解吸，然后与氢反应。
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公开(公告)号：US4285923A
公开(公告)日：1981-08-25
申请号：US960820
申请日：1978-11-15
CPC分类号： C01B21/50
摘要： Calcium nitrate with low nitrate content is prepared by reacting in a series of absorption reactors lime slurry and nitrogen oxide gases. The lime slurry flows serially through the series of absorption reactors with a major portion being recycled to the inlet of a Venturi absorber in each reactor. Nitrogen oxide gases flow cocurrently with the slurry from each reactor to the following Venturi inlet and are contacted by recycle slurry in each Venturi with a molar ratio of calcium hydroxide to nitrogen oxides of at least about 20. Slurry from the last reactor with a calcium nitrite content of below about 22 weight percent and a calcium hydroxide content of at least about 2 weight percent may be freed of unreacted calcium hydroxide, for example by treatment with NO.sub.x gases, and then concentrated to the desired product concentration. The exit gases may be scrubbed with incoming lime slurry after passing through a holdup vessel which increases the ratio of NO.sub.2 to NO.
摘要翻译： 通过在一系列吸收反应堆石灰浆和氮氧化物气体中反应来制备硝酸盐含量低的硝酸钙。 石灰浆料连续流过一系列吸收反应器，其中主要部分被循环到每个反应器中的文丘里吸收器的入口。 氮氧化物气体与来自每个反应器的浆料同时流动到随后的文氏管入口，并且在每个文丘里管中与氢氧化钙与氮氧化物的摩尔比至少约20的再循环浆料接触。来自最后一个反应器的浆料与亚硝酸钙 低于约22重量％的含量和至少约2重量％的氢氧化钙含量可以不含未反应的氢氧化钙，例如通过用NOx气体处理，然后浓缩至所需的产物浓度。 出口气体可以在通过保持容器之后用进入的石灰浆料洗涤，这增加了NO2与NO的比例。
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