Abstract:
A cathode heater element is coated with a dark colored heat radiating porous layer of insulating material such as aluminum oxide and a refractory metal such as tungsten. The aluminum oxide is applied in an electrolytic bath, dried and impregnated with a tungstate solution. The layer is heated and sintered in a nitrogen hydrogen atmosphere. The heater element has improved heat transfer characteristics.
Abstract:
A black second layer containing xylene, petrol and tungsten powder is provided on an unsintered first insulating layer of aluminium oxide and polyvinyl acetate of a filament of an indirectly heated cathode.
Abstract:
One embodiment provides a tungsten wire containing 1 to 10% by mass of rhenium, the wire having a point indicating a 2% elongation within a quadrangle formed by joining points with straight lines, where the values of x and y are point (20, 75), point (20, 87), point (90, 75), and point (90, 58), in this order; wherein the wire diameter of the tungsten wire is represented by x μm, and the elongation of the tungsten wire is 2% after electrically heating with an electrical current which is a ratio of y % to the fusion current (FC) at the wire diameter x μm, and wherein a semi-logarithmic system of coordinates is expressed by a horizontal axis using a logarithmic scale of the wire diameter x and a vertical axis using a normal scale of ratio y to the fusion current.