摘要:
A method for performing operations on a workpiece. The method comprises the steps of: contacting the workpiece with a tool; moving the tool along any of multiple axes; moving a clamp along at least a first axis independent of the movement of the tool; and, clamping the workpiece using the clamp. Contacting the workpiece with the tool may comprise plunging a friction stir welding pin tool into the workpiece while the workpiece is being clamped. The tool may be moved by moving a spindle housing over the workpiece, and the clamp may be moved by rotating the clamp around the first axis as the spindle housing moves over the workpiece. The method may further comprise the step of coordinating the movement of the clamp with the movement of the tool.
摘要:
An apparatus and method for separating a pin tool from a shoulder tool, after the pin tool and shoulder tool have become welded together during a friction stir welding operation. In one exemplary embodiment a frame is used to support the shoulder tool. A fluid pressure actuating assembly is used for gradually exerting a force on the pin tool while the shoulder tool is held stationary within the frame. The gradually increasing force gradually breaks the weld and separates the pin tool from the shoulder tool without damaging the pin tool.
摘要:
An apparatus and methods for clamping around a manufacturing tool engaging a work piece are described. In one embodiment, a clamp includes a moveable support arranged to at least partially surround a circumference defining a work area. A friction reducing element is attached to the support to apply pressure to the surface when the clamp is engaged with the work piece, and to allow the clamp to be moved with the manufacturing tool. In accordance with other aspects of the invention, the clamp co-annularly or partially surrounds the manufacturing tool. In another embodiment, the manufacturing tool is a friction stir welding tool.
摘要:
A clamping system can be reconfigured to clamp any of multiple workpieces having differing shapes. The system includes a retention assembly for retaining an inflatable bladder that applies a clamping force to the workpiece. The retention assembly includes a flexible chain of pivotally connected links that can be locked in place to form a rigid assembly that conforms to the shape of the workpiece. The links can be unlocked to allow reconfiguration of the retention assembly into shapes matching other workpieces.
摘要:
A method of stir welding T-joints comprises assembling and stir welding first and second members. The first member comprises a sheet portion of material and also comprises restraining surfaces. The second member comprises a rib. The rib is stir welded to the sheet portion with the edge margin of the rib being positioned between the restraining surfaces of the first member. During stir welding, the restraining surfaces of the first member limit movement of the rib relative to the first member. A tooling portion is preferably formed as a contiguous portion of the material of one of the first and second members. The first and second members are secured to a stir welding apparatus via the tooling portion during the stir welding. The method yet further comprises a step of separating the tooling portion from the first and second members after forming the stir welded T-joint.
摘要:
A method and apparatus are provided for producing fine quality pnictide films by vacuum evaporation and molecular beam deposition. A pnictide source, preferably phosphorous, is heated to produce a continuous supply of vapor species, preferably P.sub.4. The vapor species is cracked by a heated tungsten wire positioned adjacent the pnictide source to produce P.sub.2 molecules. A second tungsten wire cracker is located adjacent a substrate to prevent the recombination of P.sub.2 molecules into P.sub.4 molecules. The P.sub.2 molecules are deposited on the substrate and condense into amorphous pure phosphorous shiny red films. A separate source of alkali metal intercalate, preferably KC.sub.8, may also be heated to provide an alkali metal vapor for producing films of alkali metal polypnictide films, preferably KP.sub.x where x is equal to or greater than 15, to be deposited on the substrate. Fine quality films may also be deposited on a substrate by a molecular beam apparatus providing a continuous source of pnictide vapor species and a cracker disposed between the exit of a pnictide collimator and the substrate.
摘要:
Fine quality catenated phosphorus thin films are produced in a high vacuum evaporator. Heated tungsten wire crackers are provided above the phosphorus boat and below the substrates. Amorphous pure phosphorus shiny red films have been deposited on glass, metallized glass and GaP and exhibit an optical edge at 2.0 eV. Films of KP.sub.x where x is equal to 15 or greater than 15 are produced by utilizing a second baffled boat source containing the potassium graphite intercalate, KC.sub.8. Addition of a nickel evaporation source provides nickel-doped polyphosphide films.
摘要:
A method for performing operations on a workpiece. The method comprises the steps of: contacting the workpiece with a tool; moving the tool along any of multiple axes; moving a clamp along at least a first axis independent of the movement of the tool; and, clamping the workpiece using the clamp. Contacting the workpiece with the tool may comprise plunging a friction stir welding pin tool into the workpiece while the workpiece is being clamped. The tool may be moved by moving a spindle housing over the workpiece, and the clamp may be moved by rotating the clamp around the first axis as the spindle housing moves over the workpiece. The method may further comprise the step of coordinating the movement of the clamp with the movement of the tool.
摘要:
A process control system for a friction stir welding machine employs a master set of parameters and subroutines to control multiple machine processes, including welding, drilling, milling and probing. Sub-sets of the master set comprising command parameters, limits parameters and measurement parameters are used to control the operation of a weld tip, a clamping system and a motion head that cooperate under computer control to carry out the multiple processes.
摘要:
An apparatus comprises a machine module and an instrument module. The machine module is capable of being connected to a power tool. The instrument module is capable of being connected to the machine module and capable of generating a number of signals containing information about a number of operating conditions during operation of the power tool.