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公开(公告)号：US5870471A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-09
申请号：US757838
申请日：1996-11-27
CPC分类号： H04N1/32128 , H04N2201/3205 , H04N2201/3215 , H04N2201/3233 , H04N2201/3236 , H04N2201/3274 , H04N2201/3278
摘要： A method of authenticating a video image created by a camera (V) or similar video device. The image is formed into a first 2-dimensional pixel array (A1) with each pixel (p.sub.m,n) represented by a data word of a predetermined length. This formatted array is converted into a second 2-dimensional array (A2) which may be made smaller than the first array by eliminating rows and columns from the formatted array. A first linear vector (A3) is created using the data words in the second array, and a second linear vector (A4) is created by repositioning the data words from the first linear vector in a random pattern. A checksum is created by summing the contents of all of the data words in the second linear vector beginning at a location established by a pre-established formula. A header (H) is formed using the resulting checksum, information identifying the device used to create the image, and the time the image is formed. The header is attached to the formatted image and is transmitted and stored with the formatted image to subsequently authenticate the contents of the original image.
摘要翻译： 一种认证由相机（V）或类似视频设备创建的视频图像的方法。 图像被形成为由预定长度的数据字表示的每个像素（pm，n）的第一二维像素阵列（A1）。 这个格式化的数组被转换成第二个二维数组（A2），它可以通过从格式化的数组中消除行和列，使其小于第一个数组。 使用第二阵列中的数据字创建第一线性矢量（A3），并通过以随机模式重新定位来自第一线性矢量的数据字来创建第二线性矢量（A4）。 通过将由预先建立的公式建立的位置开始的第二线性向量中的所有数据字的内容求和来创建校验和。 使用所得到的校验和，识别用于创建图像的设备的信息和形成图像的时间来形成报头（H）。 标题附加到格式化的图像，并且与格式化的图像一起发送和存储，以随后验证原始图像的内容。
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公开(公告)号：US5857451A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-12
申请号：US559794
申请日：1995-11-15
申请人： Gary Ciluffo , John R. Wootton , J. Joseph Muller
发明人： Gary Ciluffo , John R. Wootton , J. Joseph Muller
CPC分类号： A63B69/406 , A63B69/0026 , F41B3/04 , F41J9/18
摘要： Apparatus (10) for launching spherical and disc-shaped objects (O) used in the practice or play of a sport. A launcher assembly (12) includes a constantly rotating arm (14) rotatable about a center pivot (P). An object to be launched is loaded into an inlet end (16) of the arm adjacent the pivot for the object to be drawn outwardly by centrifugal force toward an outer end (18) of the arm from which the object is released. The velocity of the object when it is launched is a function of the length of the arm and the speed at which the arm is rotating. A feed assembly (20) holds a number of homogeneous objects. A feed mechanism (100) of the feed assembly is selectively operable to feed the objects into the inlet end of the arm. A control panel (148) enables a user to remotely control operation of the apparatus, to control individual launches, or to preset an interval at which objects are automatically launched. A drive unit (24) includes a motor (26,26') for constantly rotating the arm. The motor's speed is controllable to rotate the arm over a range of speeds so to control the velocity of the object when it is launched.
摘要翻译： 用于发射用于实践或玩运动的球形和圆盘形物体（O）的装置（10）。 发射器组件（12）包括绕中心枢轴（P）旋转的不断旋转的臂（14）。 要发射的物体被装载到靠近枢轴的臂的入口端（16）中，用于通过离心力向外拉动的物体朝向从其释放物体的臂的外端（18）。 物体发射时的速度是手臂长度和手臂转动速度的函数。 进料组件（20）容纳多个均匀的物体。 进料组件的进料机构（100）可选择性地可操作以将物体输送到臂的入口端。 控制面板（148）使得用户能够远程控制设备的操作，控制单独的启动，或者预设对象自动启动的间隔。 驱动单元（24）包括用于不断旋转臂的马达（26,26'）。 电机的速度是可控制的，以在一定范围的速度上旋转手臂，以便在发射物体时控制物体的速度。
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公开(公告)号：US07116353B2
公开(公告)日：2006-10-03
申请号：US09808326
申请日：2001-03-14
CPC分类号： G07F19/207 , G07F19/20 , H04N5/77 , H04N5/772 , H04N5/775 , H04N5/781 , H04N5/9205 , H04N7/183
摘要： A digital video recording system (10) includes a video camera (12) directed at a scene of interest to continuously view the scene and generate video images (F) of the scene. An image processor (14) is configured to compare the video image (F) with a previously established reference image (Fr) of the scene to determine if changes have occurred. The image processor includes a memory (20) in which portions of video images (F) are stored, together with the time and date information as to when the image was acquired. A video playback capability (30) allows the memory to be accessed to retrieve the portions of the video images for image reconstruction. The playback system enables the memory to be accessed at any desired date and time location so an image of interest can be reconstructed without having to scan stored video images in a date/time sequence. Accessing the memory is done without interrupting the image processor's processing of currently acquired video images.
摘要翻译： 数字视频记录系统（10）包括指向感兴趣的场景的摄像机（12），以连续观看场景并产生场景的视频图像（F）。 图像处理器（14）被配置为将视频图像（F）与先前建立的场景的参考图像（Fr）进行比较，以确定是否已经发生改变。 图像处理器包括其中存储有视频图像（F）的部分的存储器（20）以及关于何时获取图像的时间和日期信息。 视频播放能力（30）允许访问存储器以检索用于图像重建的视频图像的部分。 播放系统使得能够在任何期望的日期和时间位置访问存储器，从而可以重建感兴趣的图像，而不必以日期/时间顺序扫描存储的视频图像。 在不中断图像处理器对当前获取的视频图像的处理的情况下，进行存储器的完成。
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公开(公告)号：US06418223B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-09
申请号：US09244911
申请日：1999-02-04
IPC分类号： H04L936
CPC分类号： H04N1/32128 , H04N2201/3205 , H04N2201/3215 , H04N2201/3233 , H04N2201/3236 , H04N2201/3274 , H04N2201/3278
摘要： A method of authenticating a video image created by a camera (V) or similar video device. The image is formed into a first 2-dimensional pixel array (A1) with each pixel (pm,n) represented by a data word of a predetermined length. Additional data words including event information are added to this 2-dimensional array (A1). The formatted array is converted into a second 2-dimensional array (A2) which may be made smaller than the first array by eliminating rows and columns from the formatted array. A first linear vector (A3) is created using the data words in the second array, and a second linear vector (A4) is created by repositioning the data words from the first linear vector in a random pattern. A checksum is created by summing the contents of all of the data words in the second linear vector beginning at a location established by a pre-established formula. A header (H) is formed using the resulting checksum, information identifying the device used to create the image, and the time the image is formed. A cyclical redundancy check (CRC) is performed using all the data words in the formatted array (A1). Results of this operation are also included in the header. The header is attached to the formatted image and is transmitted and stored with the formatted image to subsequently authenticate the contents of the original image.
摘要翻译： 一种认证由相机（V）或类似视频设备创建的视频图像的方法。 图像被形成为由预定长度的数据字表示的每个像素（pm，n）的第一二维像素阵列（A1）。 包括事件信息的附加数据字被添加到该二维阵列（A1）。 格式化的阵列被转换成第二个二维阵列（A2），它可以通过从格式化阵列中消除行和列而使其小于第一个阵列。 使用第二阵列中的数据字创建第一线性矢量（A3），并通过以随机模式重新定位来自第一线性矢量的数据字来创建第二线性矢量（A4）。 通过将由预先建立的公式建立的位置开始的第二线性向量中的所有数据字的内容求和来创建校验和。 使用所得到的校验和，识别用于创建图像的设备的信息和形成图像的时间来形成报头（H）。 使用格式化阵列（A1）中的所有数据字执行循环冗余校验（CRC）。 此操作的结果也包含在标题中。 标题附加到格式化的图像，并且与格式化的图像一起发送和存储，以随后验证原始图像的内容。
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公开(公告)号：US5825412A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-20
申请号：US650164
申请日：1996-05-20
申请人： Gregory Hobson , John R. Wootton
发明人： Gregory Hobson , John R. Wootton
摘要： Apparatus (10) monitors a railroad crossing (X) for the presence of an object (H, V, A) in the crossing. The apparatus determines if an object is of sufficient size to damage to a train (1) approaching the crossing, and provides an alarm (Sa) to an approaching train so it can be timely halted. This prevents injury to people or other objects in the crossing, or to the train and its occupants. A camera (14) continuously views the crossing to obtain images of the crossing. An image processor (28) processes images, establishes the presence of objects in the crossing, and determines the size of the object. If appropriate, an alarm (26) is activated and an alarm signal is sent to the train through a relay (36) transmitter (44), and on board receiver (46). An audio alarm (48) on the train is sounded in response to receipt of the signal. The apparatus is unmanned and performs its monitoring function in a non-invasive manner by which its operation does not interfere with that of vehicles, pedestrians, or barriers (G) which may also be in place at the crossing.
摘要翻译： 在十字路口中，设备（10）监视铁路道口（X）的存在物体（H，V，A）。 该装置确定物体是否具有足够的尺寸以损坏靠近十字路口的列车（1），并向接近的列车提供报警（Sa），以便及时停止。 这样可以防止过路处的人员或其他物体，火车及其乘客受伤。 相机（14）连续观看十字路口以获得十字路口的图像。 图像处理器（28）处理图像，建立交叉中的对象的存在，并确定对象的大小。 如果合适，则启动报警器（26），并通过继电器（36）发射器（44）和板载接收器（46）向火车发送报警信号。 响应于信号的接收，响应列车上的音频报警器（48）。 该装置是无人驾驶的，并以非侵入性的方式执行其监视功能，通过该方式，其操作不会干扰在交叉口也可能存在的车辆，行人或障碍物（G）。
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公开(公告)号：US5937092A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-10
申请号：US772595
申请日：1996-12-23
IPC分类号： G08B13/194 , H04N7/18 , G06K9/46 , G08B13/18
CPC分类号： G08B13/19602 , G08B13/19606 , H04N7/18
摘要： This invention is a video security system (10) and a method for visually monitoring a scene and detecting motion of an intruder within the scene. A camera (C) continually views the scene and produces a representative signal. A processor (12) processes the signal and produces an image (f2) represented by the signal. This image is compared with a similar image (f1) of the scene from a previous point in time. Segments of the later image which differ from segments of the earlier image are identified. A discriminator (14) evaluates these segments to determine if the differences result simply from lighting changes, or the movement of an intruder within the scene as indicated by surface differences between segments of the respective differences. If caused by an intruder, an appropriate indication is provided. An algorithm is employed by which differences from one image to another caused by global or local lighting changes effects are identified so as not to produce false alarms.
摘要翻译： 本发明是视频安全系统（10）和用于视觉监视场景并检测入场者在场景内的运动的方法。 相机（C）连续观看场景并产生代表信号。 处理器（12）处理信号并产生由该信号表示的图像（f2）。 该图像与先前时间点的场景的类似图像（f1）进行比较。 识别与较早图像的片段不同的稍后图像的片段。 鉴别器（14）评估这些片段，以确定差异是否仅仅是由照明变化产生的，或入射者在场景内的移动，如由相应差异的片段之间的表面差异所指示的。 如果由入侵者造成，则提供适当的指示。 采用一种算法，通过识别由全局或局部照明变化影响引起的从一个图像到另一个图像的差异，以便不产生假警报。
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公开(公告)号：US5224860A
公开(公告)日：1993-07-06
申请号：US662936
申请日：1991-03-01
IPC分类号： F41G7/00
CPC分类号： F41G7/006
摘要： A "hardware-in-the-loop" simulator (10) for training people in the use of a missile system to teach target acquisition, missile launch, and missile guidance under simulated battlefield conditions. A battlefield environment (E) including at least one target (T) movable therewithin is created by a simulation module (12). Missile system hardware (H) including the missile acquisition, tracking, and guidance portions is provided. An interface module (20) converts signals produced by the simulating module to an infrared image acceptable by the hardware. The resultant image represents a field-of-view (FOV), including the target, within the battlefield environment. An image module (32) produces a dynamic image representative of the missile's position in the field-of-view. This image is observable by the hardware which utilizes it to determine the position of the missile relative to the target. The hardware also determines if a missile guidance signal is to be sent to the missile to guide it to the target. If so, the interface module is responsive to the guidance signal to simulate, in real-time, the response of the missile to the guidance signal.
摘要翻译： 一个“硬件在环”模拟器（10），用于在模拟战场条件下训练人们使用导弹系统来教导目标获取，导弹发射和导弹指导。 包括在其中移动的至少一个目标（T）的战场环境（E）由模拟模块（12）创建。 提供了包括导弹获取，跟踪和引导部分的导弹系统硬件（H）。 接口模块（20）将由模拟模块产生的信号转换为硬件可接受的红外图像。 所得到的图像在战场环境中表示包括目标的视场（FOV）。 图像模块（32）产生代表导视体在视场中的位置的动态图像。 该图像可以由硬件来观察，该硬件利用它来确定导弹相对于目标的位置。 硬件还确定是否将导弹指导信号发送到导弹以将其引导到目标。 如果是这样，接口模块响应于引导信号来实时模拟导弹对引导信号的响应。
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公开(公告)号：US5062586A
公开(公告)日：1991-11-05
申请号：US524495
申请日：1990-05-17
摘要： Apparatus (10) for acquiring and tracking a missile (M), and guiding it to a target (T). Beacons (18, 19) are carried on the missile to provide an indication of its location in a field of view. One beacon (18) is a xenon beacon which emits energy in a short wave-length portion of the light spectrum. The other beacon (19) is a thermal source which emits infrared radiation in a longer wave-length portion of the spectrum. A sight unit (20) includes both a xenon beacon detector and a forward looking infrared receiver (FLIR). The FLIR provides two independent channels (A, B) of video. An electrical signal developed within the sight unit is separately processed on both of the channels. One channel is used to develop a video display for an operator for target acquisition and tracking. The other channel is used for missile tracking and clutter and countermeasure (CM) rejection. A tracking unit (40) processes the signal to determine missile location relative to the target; and, if corrections to the missile freight path are necessary, a missile control unit (56) transmits them to the missile over wires (W). If two or more objects (M, D1, D2) are located in the field of view, a module (88) of the tracking unit undertakes a "segmentation" process to differentiate and characterize the objects to determine which object is the missile and which is not.
摘要翻译： 用于获取和跟踪导弹（M）并将其引导到目标（T）的装置（10）。 信标（18,19）在导弹上运载，以便在视野中提供其位置的指示。 一个信标（18）是在光谱的短波长部分中发射能量的氙信标。 另一个信标（19）是在光谱的较长波长部分发射红外辐射的热源。 视觉单元（20）包括氙信标检测器和前视红外接收器（FLIR）。 FLIR提供两个独立的视频通道（A，B）。 在两个通道上分别处理在瞄准单元内形成的电信号。 一个通道用于开发用于操作者的视频显示器以进行目标采集和跟踪。 另一个通道用于导弹跟踪和杂波和对策（CM）的拒绝。 跟踪单元（40）处理信号以确定相对于目标的导弹位置; 并且如果需要对导弹运输路径进行修正，则导弹控制单元（56）将它们传输到导线（W）上。 如果两个或多个对象（M，D1，D2）位于视场中，跟踪单元的模块（88）进行“分割”过程以区分和表征对象以确定哪个对象是导弹，以及哪个 不是。
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