Abstract:
The opening degrees of a manually operable engine throttle valve and a traction control controlled throttle valve are compared and the opening degree of the one which is closed the most is used to control the level of line pressure in an automatic transmission.
Abstract:
In order to determine a malfunction which results in the loss of torque reduction control, the engine speed and the torque converter characteristics are monitored when a torque down signal is issued. The maximum engine torque which should be produced under such circumstances is used to derive a corresponding maximum engine speed value. If the actual engine speed exceeds the estimated value, appropriate torque down control can be assumed to have been lost. In response a fail safe such as boosting line pressure to switching to an alternative source of torque control can implemented. A suitable warning signal can also be generated.
Abstract:
A film projector toy is described, including a projector casing and a film cassette received by the casing. The film cassette includes a plurality of films movable one relative to another. Indicia representing different portions of a complete, predetermined picture image are illustrated on each film and the films are superimposed in the cassette. The indicia are then projected, for example, on a wall, so as to form the complete picture image. At least one film is then moved relative to the other films so that the indicia are moved, thereby creating a moving picture image.
Abstract:
A belt unit is detachably attached to a housing. A holder changes a state of an endless belt by moving a transfer roller between a first state as an endless belt movement state and a second state as a detachment state. The first state allows the endless belt to circulate for image formation, and the second state allows the belt unit to be detached from the housing. The holder moves the transfer roller adjacent supporter independently of the transfer roller and lifts the opening in the endless belt to a prescribed position to expose it to the front side plate.
Abstract:
An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, a transfer member, a power supply, and a control device that controls the power supply to output a DC-AC superimposed bias or a DC bias to transfer a toner image on the image carrier onto a recording medium. The control device controls the power supply to alternately output a first bias being a DC component the same in polarity as the DC bias and a second bias being a DC component opposite in polarity to the DC bias to clean the transfer member when image formation is not taking place. The first bias is output with two target output values including a first value and a second value lower than the first value. The second bias is output with one target output value. An output time of the second bias is longer than an output time of the first bias.
Abstract:
A torque wrench equipped with a cam-type torque detection mechanism is provided which is capable of detecting a torque with high accuracy, providing a non-unusual-feeling of handle operation after torque has been detected, and enabling tightening of fastened members such as bolts with safety. In a torque wrench equipped with the cam-type torque detection mechanism, a cam portion 27 formed on the outer circumference of a tubular cam 22 includes: a static engagement cam surface 27a with which a roller member 18 in a static status engages in a non-operated status; a gradually increasing torque peak cam surface 27b which is connected to the static engagement cam surface 27a and with which the roller member 18 is brought into contact while moving to thereby gradually increase the torque peak value; a cam top surface 27c forming the cam top portion continued to the gradually increasing torque peak cam surface 27b; a gradually decreasing torque cam surface 27d for gradually decreasing a plus torque to the roller member 18 to zero; and a minus torque cam surface 27e for imparting a minus torque to the roller member 18 having passed over the gradually decreasing torque cam surface 27d.
Abstract:
The probe pin includes a plunger formed of a sheet metal, and a coil spring unit formed of a metal wire and configured to hold the plunger thereon. In a developed state, the plunger includes first and second portions each of which has an upper contact strip, a wide portion, and a lower contact strip, and which are connected to each other via the wide portions formed in the first and second portions. The plunger is formed in a united manner by folding together the first and second portions along a boundary of the wide portions formed therein to thereby bring at least the wide portions into tight contact with each other.
Abstract:
A driving circuit of a load has an output semiconductor element connected in series in a power supply path from a power source to the load, to control a current of the load, a PWM signal generator for controlling ON/OFF of the output semiconductor element, a driver of the output semiconductor element according to the PWM signal, a detection resistor made of a semiconductor detecting a current of the load, a current output amplifier outputting a monitored current of detection resistor without being influenced by variation of ambient temperature, a resistor converting the monitored current into a monitored voltage, a current source outputting a constant current without being influenced by variation of ambient temperature, a resistor outputting a reference voltage according to the constant current, and an A/D converter converting the monitored voltage according to the reference voltage into a detected current value of the current of the load.
Abstract:
A method of etching for forming a groove in a SOI substrate includes a forming step, in which a mixed gas plasma is formed by using a mixed gas of a fluorinate gas and an oxygenic gas, and an applying step, in which a high-frequency bias is intermittently applied to the SOI substrate. In the applying step, the high-frequency bias is a temporally modulated high-frequency electricity. According to the method of etching, a yielding rate and a productivity can be improved.