公开(公告)号：US5903673A

公开(公告)日：1999-05-11

申请号：US818826

申请日：1997-03-14

Applicant: Albert S. Wang ,  Navin Chaddha

Inventor： Albert S. Wang ,  Navin Chaddha

IPC: G06T9/00 ,  G06K9/00

CPC classification number: G06T9/007 ,  H04N19/124 ,  H04N19/172 ,  H04N19/176 ,  H04N19/61 ,  H04N19/146 ,  H04N19/152

Abstract: A motion video signal encoder maximizes image quality without exceeding transmission bandwidth available to carry the encoded motion video signal by comparing encoded frames of the motion video signal to a desired size of frame. If the size of encoded frames differ from the desired size, quantization is adjusted to produce encoded frames closer in size to the desired size. In addition, a cumulative bandwidth balance records an accumulated amount of available bandwidth. The cumulative bandwidth balance is adjusted as time elapses to add to the available bandwidth and as each frame is encoded to thereby consume bandwidth. If the cumulative bandwidth balance deviates from a predetermined range, quantization is adjusted as needed to either improve image quality to more completely consume available bandwidth or to reduce image quality to thereby consume less bandwidth. Rapid changes in the amount of change or motion in the motion video signal are detected by comparing the amount of change between two consecutive frames and the amount of change between the next two consecutive frames. Quantization is precompensated according to the measured rapid change. Conditional replenishment is improved by dividing macroblocks into quadrants and measuring differences between corresponding quadrants of macroblocks. As a result, sensitivity to changes along edges and corners of macroblocks is increased. In addition, sensitivity to changes in a particular macroblock is increased when an adjacent macroblock contains sufficient change to be encoded and therefore not a candidate for conditional replenishment.

公开(公告)号：US5621660A

公开(公告)日：1997-04-15

申请号：US423812

申请日：1995-04-18

Applicant: Navin Chaddha ,  J. Duane Northcutt ,  Gerard A. Wall ,  James G. Hanko

Inventor： Navin Chaddha ,  J. Duane Northcutt ,  Gerard A. Wall ,  James G. Hanko

IPC: G06F13/00 ,  G06T9/00 ,  H04N5/93 ,  H04N7/173 ,  H04N7/24 ,  H04N7/26 ,  H04N7/28 ,  H04N21/2343 ,  H04N21/24 ,  H04N21/258 ,  H04N21/2662 ,  H04N21/4402 ,  H04N21/462 ,  H04N21/63 ,  H04N21/6405 ,  H04N21/647 ,  H04N9/79

CPC classification number: H04N21/2662 ,  H04N19/156 ,  H04N19/186 ,  H04N19/63 ,  H04N19/94 ,  H04N21/234327 ,  H04N21/2402 ,  H04N21/25808 ,  H04N21/440227 ,  H04N21/4621 ,  H04N21/631 ,  H04N21/6405 ,  H04N21/64792 ,  H04N7/17336 ,  H04N7/24 ,  H04N19/39

Abstract: A software-based encoder is provided for an end-to-end scalable video delivery system that operates over heterogeneous networks. The encoder utilizes a scalable video compression algorithm based on a Laplacian pyramid decomposition to generate an embedded information stream. The decoder decimates a highest resolution original image, e.g., 640.times.480 pixels, to produce an intermediate 320.times.240 pixel image that is decimated to produce an intermediate 160.times.120 pixel image that is compressed to form an encodable base layer 160.times.120 pixel image. A decompressed base layer image is also up-sampled at step to produce an up-sampled 640.times.480 pixel image that is subtracted from the original 640.times.480 pixel image 200 to yield an error image. At the receiving end, the decoder extracts from the embedded stream different streams at different spatial and temporal resolutions. Because decoding requires only additions and look-ups from a small stored table, decoding occurs in real-time.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种基于软件的编码器，用于在异构网络上运行的端到端可伸缩视频传送系统。 编码器利用基于拉普拉斯金字塔分解的可扩展视频压缩算法来生成嵌入信息流。 解码器对最高分辨率的原始图像（例如，640×480像素）进行抽取，以产生被抽取的中间的320×240像素图像，以产生被压缩形成可编码的基本层160×120像素图像的中间160×120像素图像。 解压缩的基层图像也在步骤中进行上采样，以产生从原始640×480像素图像200中减去的上采样的640×480像素图像，以产生误差图像。 在接收端，解码器以不同的空间和时间分辨率从嵌入的流中提取不同的流。 因为解码只需要从小的存储表中增加和查找，所以解码发生在实时中。

公开(公告)号：US20120202535A1

公开(公告)日：2012-08-09

申请号：US13444869

申请日：2012-04-12

Applicant: Navin Chaddha ,  Adesh Desai ,  Sanjeev Kuwadekar ,  Dan Sodhi

Inventor： Navin Chaddha ,  Adesh Desai ,  Sanjeev Kuwadekar ,  Dan Sodhi

IPC: H04W4/14 ,  G06F15/16

CPC classification number: H04M3/5307 ,  H04L12/1818 ,  H04L51/066 ,  H04L51/24 ,  H04L51/36 ,  H04L51/38 ,  H04M3/382 ,  H04M3/42204 ,  H04M3/5322 ,  H04M3/537 ,  H04M3/56 ,  H04M3/565 ,  H04M2201/60 ,  H04M2203/4509 ,  H04M2203/4536 ,  H04M2203/5054

Abstract: A method and system for forwarding information such as data files to a recipient across disparate or incompatible communication networks, which are not constrained by incompatible user devices. The sender sends information such as a data file to an intended recipient via a messaging server. The messaging server communicates with the intended recipient using basic communication tools that are generally compatible regardless of the network that the recipient is subscribed to. The messaging server stores the information, creates and sends a notification message to the intended recipient that she has information to be retrieved. The notification message includes a unique access address associated with the message, at which the recipient can retrieve the information. Different unique access addresses are associated with different messages.

Abstract translation: 一种用于将信息（例如数据文件）的信息转发到不同或不兼容的通信网络的接收者的方法和系统，其不受不兼容的用户设备约束。 发件人通过消息传递服务器将数据文件等信息发送给预定的收件人。 消息传递服务器使用通常兼容的基本通信工具与预期接收者进行通信，而不管接收者订阅的网络如何。 消息收发服务器存储信息，创建和发送通知消息给目标收件人，她具有要检索的信息。 通知消息包括与消息相关联的唯一的访问地址，接收者可以在该消息上检索信息。 不同的唯一访问地址与不同的消息相关联。

公开(公告)号：US06564262B1

公开(公告)日：2003-05-13

申请号：US09418139

申请日：1999-10-14

Applicant: Navin Chaddha

Inventor： Navin Chaddha

IPC: G06F1516

CPC classification number: H04N19/507 ,  H04N19/51 ,  H04N19/61 ,  H04N19/63 ,  H04N19/94 ,  H04N21/234327 ,  H04N21/234363 ,  H04N21/234381 ,  H04N21/2402 ,  H04N21/25808 ,  H04N21/2662 ,  H04N21/440227 ,  H04N21/4621 ,  H04N21/6405

Abstract: A method of interactively providing a number of client computers with a dynamically selectable and scalable range of multimedia data over a diverse computer network including local area networks (LANs) wide area networks (WANs) such as the internet. Multimedia data is provided by a server to the client computers includes a base layer and one or more enhancement layers. Enhancement layers can be spatial and/or temporal in nature. Depending on the implementation, the server may also provide information about the multimedia data to the client computers. The server splits the multimedia data for streaming via multiple multicast group (MMG) addresses. Information about the portion of the multimedia data carried by each MMG is broadcasted to the client computers. Armed with the information about the multimedia data, client computers can intelligently join and leave MMGs as needed. In some embodiments, the client computers provide feedback about the usage and/or need for the multimedia data, enabling the server to right-size, e.g., grow and/or prune, the multimedia data for network efficiency. Enhancement layers may also be grown and/or pruned independently of the base layer, i.e., without a corresponding change in the base layer.

Abstract translation: 一种通过包括例如因特网的局域网（WAN）广域网（WAN）在内的各种计算机网络交互地向多个客户端计算机提供动态可选择和可扩展的多媒体数据范围的方法。 多媒体数据由服务器提供给客户端计算机包括基本层和一个或多个增强层。 增强层可以是空间和/或时间性质的。 根据实现，服务器还可以向客户端计算机提供关于多媒体数据的信息。 服务器通过多个组播组（MMG）地址分离多媒体数据进行流式传输。 关于每个MMG携带的多媒体数据的部分的信息被广播到客户端计算机。 掌握有关多媒体数据的信息，客户端计算机可以根据需要智能地加入并离开MMG。 在一些实施例中，客户端计算机提供关于多媒体数据的使用和/或需要的反馈，使得服务器能够正确地大小，例如增长和/或修剪多媒体数据以实现网络效率。 增强层也可以独立于基层生长和/或修剪，即基底层没有相应的变化。

公开(公告)号：US06404923B1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-11

申请号：US08625650

申请日：1996-03-29

Applicant: Navin Chaddha

Inventor： Navin Chaddha

IPC: G06K962

CPC classification number: G06T9/008

Abstract: A system for classifying image elements comprising means for converting an image into a series of vectors and a hierarchical lookup table that classifies the vectors. The lookup table implements a pre-computed discrete cosine transform (DCT) to enhance classification accuracy. The hierarchical lookup table includes four stages: three of which constitute a preliminary section; the fourth stage constitutes the final section. Each stage has a respective stage table. The method for designing each stage table comprises a codebook design procedure and a table fill-in procedure. Codebook design for the preliminary stages strives to minimize a classification-sensitive proximity measure; codebook design for the final stage attempts to minimize Bayes risk of misclassification. Table fill-in for the first stage involves generating all possible input combinations, concatenating each possible input combination to define a concatenated vector, applying a DCT to convert the address vector to the spatial frequency domain, finding the closest first-stage codebook vector, and assigning to the address the index associated that codebook vector. Table fill-in for subsequent stages involves decoding each possible input combination to obtain spatial frequency domain vectors, applying an inverse DOC to convert the inputs to pixel domain vectors, concatenating the pixel domain vectors to obtain a higher dimension pixel domain vector, applying a DCT to obtain a spatial frequency domain vector, finding the closest same-stage codebook vector, and assigning the codebook vector index to the input combination.

Abstract translation: 一种用于对图像元素进行分类的系统，包括用于将图像转换为一系列向量的装置和对向量进行分类的分层查找表。 查找表实现预先计算的离散余弦变换（DCT），以提高分类精度。 分层查询表包括四个阶段：其中三个构成初步部分; 第四阶段构成最后一节。 每个舞台都有相应的舞台。 用于设计每个阶段表的方法包括码本设计过程和表填充程序。 初步阶段的Codebook设计力求尽量减少对分类敏感的邻近度量; 码本设计为最终阶段尝试最小化贝叶斯错误分类的风险。 第一阶段的表填充涉及产生所有可能的输入组合，连接每个可能的输入组合以定义级联向量，应用DCT将地址向量转换为空间频域，找到最接近的第一级码本向量，以及 将与该码本向量相关联的索引分配给该地址。 后续阶段的表填充涉及解码每个可能的输入组合以获得空间频域向量，应用反向DOC将输入转换为像素域向量，连接像素域向量以获得更高维度的像素域向量，应用DCT 以获得空间频域向量，找到最接近的同级码本矢量，并将码本矢量索引分配给输入组合。

公开(公告)号：US06349152B1

公开(公告)日：2002-02-19

申请号：US08884790

申请日：1997-06-30

Applicant: Navin Chaddha

Inventor： Navin Chaddha

IPC: G06K936

CPC classification number: H03M7/3082 ,  H04N19/10 ,  H04N19/115 ,  H04N19/146 ,  H04N19/147 ,  H04N19/19 ,  H04N19/48 ,  H04N19/593 ,  H04N19/60 ,  H04N19/61 ,  H04N19/63 ,  H04N19/90 ,  H04N19/94 ,  H04N19/96

Abstract: An image compression system includes a vectorizer and a hierarchical vector quantization table that outputs embedded code. The vectorizer converts an image into image vectors representing respective blocks of image pixels. The table provides computation-free transformation and compression of the image vectors. Table design can be divided into codebook design and fill-in procedures for each stage. Codebook design for the preliminary stages uses a splitting generalized Lloyd algorithm (LBG/GLA) using a perceptually weighted distortion measure. Codebook design for the final stage uses a greedily-grown and then entropy-pruned tree-structure variation of GLA with an entropy-constrained distortion measure. Table fill-in for all stages uses an unweighted proximity measure for assigning inputs a codebook vectors. Transformations and compression are fast because they are computation free. The hierarchical, multi-stage, character of the table allow it to operate with low memory requirements. The embedded output allows convenient scalability suitable for collaborative video applications over heterogeneous networks.

Abstract translation: 图像压缩系统包括矢量化器和输出嵌入代码的分层矢量量化表。 向量化器将图像转换成表示各个图像像素块的图像矢量。 该表提供了图像矢量的无计算变换和压缩。 表格设计可分为码本设计和每个阶段的填写程序。 用于初级阶段的码本设计使用一种分解广义劳埃德算法（LBG / GLA），使用感知加权失真度量。 最终阶段的Codebook设计使用熵约束失真测量的贪婪生长，然后熵修剪GLA的树结构变化。 所有阶段的表格填充使用未加权的邻近度量来分配输入码本向量。 转换和压缩很快，因为它们是免费的。 表的分级，多级，字符允许它以低内存要求运行。 嵌入式输出允许适用于异构网络上的协作视频应用程序的方便的可扩展性。

公开(公告)号：US06345126B1

公开(公告)日：2002-02-05

申请号：US09015138

申请日：1998-01-29

Applicant: Mohan Vishwanath ,  Philip A. Chou ,  Navin Chaddha

Inventor： Mohan Vishwanath ,  Philip A. Chou ,  Navin Chaddha

IPC: G06K936

CPC classification number: G06T9/008 ,  H04N19/30 ,  H04N19/60 ,  H04N19/94

Abstract: A transmission method for video image data using an embedded bit stream in a hierarchical table-lookup vector quantizer comprises the steps encoding an image using hierarchical vector quantization and an embedding process to obtain an embedded bit stream for lossless transmission. The bit stream is selectively truncated and decoded to obtain a reconstructed image.

公开(公告)号：US06337881B1

公开(公告)日：2002-01-08

申请号：US09533440

申请日：2000-03-23

Applicant: Navin Chaddha

Inventor： Navin Chaddha

IPC: H04B166

CPC classification number: H04N19/507 ,  H04N19/51 ,  H04N19/61 ,  H04N19/63 ,  H04N19/94 ,  H04N21/234327 ,  H04N21/234363 ,  H04N21/234381 ,  H04N21/2402 ,  H04N21/25808 ,  H04N21/2662 ,  H04N21/440227 ,  H04N21/4621 ,  H04N21/6405

Abstract: A multimedia compression system for generating frame rate scalable data in the case of video, and, more generally, universally scalable data Universally scalable data is scalable across all of the relevant characteristics of the data. In the case of video, these characteristics include frame rate, resolution, and quality. The scalable data generated by the compression system is comprised of multiple additive layers for each characteristic across which the data is scalable. In the case of video, the frame rate layers are additive temporal layers, the resolution layers are additive base and enhancement layers, and the quality layers are additive index planes of embedded codes. Various techniques can be used for generating each of these layers (e.g., Laplacian pyramid decomposition or wavelet decomposition for generating the resolution layers; tree structured vector quantization or tree structured-scalar quantization for generating the quality layers). The compression system further provides for embedded inter-frame compression in the context of frame rate scalability, and non-redundant layered multicast network delivery of the scalable data.

Abstract translation: 用于在视频情况下生成帧速可伸缩数据的多媒体压缩系统，以及更普遍地，普遍可扩展的数据。可扩展数据的所有相关特性都可扩展。 在视频的情况下，这些特征包括帧率，分辨率和质量。 由压缩系统产生的可伸缩数据由数据可扩展的每个特性的多个附加层组成。 在视频的情况下，帧速率层是加性时间层，分辨率层是加性基础和增强层，质量层是嵌入代码的附加索引平面。 可以使用各种技术来生成这些层中的每一层（例如，用于生成分辨率层的拉普拉斯金字塔分解或小波分解;用于生成质量层的树结构矢量量化或树结构化标量量化）。 该压缩系统进一步提供了帧率可扩展性的上下文中的嵌入式帧间压缩，以及可伸缩数据的非冗余分层组播网络传递。

公开(公告)号：US06253241B1

公开(公告)日：2001-06-26

申请号：US09478873

申请日：2000-01-07

Applicant: Navin Chaddha

Inventor： Navin Chaddha

IPC: G06F1300

CPC classification number: H04L29/06 ,  H04L12/14 ,  H04L67/306 ,  H04L67/325 ,  H04L69/329

Abstract: A cost effective method for generating and delivering scalable multimedia content targeted at specific end user(s) via client computers coupled to servers by a diverse computer network which includes local area networks (LANs) and/or wide area networks (WANs) such as the internet. In one embodiment in which the server is billed for network bandwidth consumed, upon receiving an end user request for multimedia content, the server computes the likelihood of patronage. Indicators useful for estimating the likelihood of patronage include regularity of patronage, income history, credit worthiness, age, hobbies, occupation and marital status. A cost effective bandwidth is selected for delivering the requested content. Such an arrangement is advantageous because the content is delivered to end user at a bandwidth corresponding to the probability of consummating a sale.

Abstract translation: 一种成本有效的方法，用于通过包括局域网（LAN）和/或广域网（WAN）的不同计算机网络的客户计算机经由客户端计算机生成和传送针对特定最终用户的可伸缩多媒体内容， 互联网。 在其中服务器对于所消耗的网络带宽计费的一个实施例中，在接收到用于多媒体内容的最终用户请求时，服务器计算顾客的可能性。 用于估计顾客可能性的指标包括顾客的规律性，收入史，信用价值，年龄，爱好，职业和婚姻状况。 选择具有成本效益的带宽以递送所请求的内容。 这样的布置是有利的，因为内容以对应于完成销售的概率的带宽被递送给终端用户。

公开(公告)号：US06006241A

公开(公告)日：1999-12-21

申请号：US818804

申请日：1997-03-14

Applicant: Audi Purnaveja ,  Navin Chaddha ,  Srinivas Prasad Vellanki ,  David del Val ,  Anoop Gupta ,  Edward Yan-bing Wang

Inventor： Audi Purnaveja ,  Navin Chaddha ,  Srinivas Prasad Vellanki ,  David del Val ,  Anoop Gupta ,  Edward Yan-bing Wang

IPC: G06F15/00 ,  G06F17/00

CPC classification number: H04N5/4401 ,  H04N21/4316 ,  H04N21/4886 ,  H04N21/8133 ,  H04N21/854 ,  H04N21/8586 ,  H04N5/04 ,  H04N5/445 ,  H04N5/44504 ,  H04N21/4622

Abstract: The production of synchronization scripts and associated annotated multimedia streams for servers and client computers coupled to each other by a diverse computer network which includes local area networks (LANs) and/or wide area networks (WANs) such as the internet. Annotated multimedia streams can include a compressed video stream for display in a video window, an accompanying compressed audio stream and annotations. Synchronization scripts include annotation streams for synchronizing the display of video streams with annotations, e.g., displayable events, such textual/graphical data in the form of HTML pages with Java applets to be displayed in one or more event windows. The producer includes a capture module and an author module for capturing video streams and generating annotation streams, respectively. The capture module compresses the video stream using a suitable compression format. Annotation streams include annotation frames which provide either pointer(s) to the event(s) of interest or include displayable data embedded within the annotation stream. Accordingly, each annotation frame includes either an event locator or an event data. In addition, each annotation frame includes an event time marker which corresponds to the time stamp(s) of associated video frame(s) within the video stream. Embedded displayable data include ticker tape data embedded within the annotation stream. Examples of event locators to displayable events include URL addresses pointing to HTML web pages. The video/audio streams and annotation streams are stored in stream server(s) for subsequent retrieval by client computer(s) in a coordinated manner, so that the client computer(s) is able to synchronously display the video frames and displayable event(s) in a video window and event window(s), respectively. In one implementation, annotation streams include a flipper stream for locating HTML pages and a ticker stream which include ticker (tape) data.