摘要:
A transconductor block including a Czarnul tuning network, transconductance resistors, an input voltage follower amplifier, a common mode circuit, PMOS transistors coupled in cascode configuration, an input current source, and high gain amplifiers that drive NMOS transistors at the output. The input voltage follower amplifier receives a differential input signal including a common mode voltage and applies the differential input signal to the Czarnul tuning network. The Czarnul tuning network includes series resistors and is coupled in parallel with the transconductance resistors. The common mode circuit receives the differential input signal and a reference common mode voltage and provides a bias voltage and a common mode feedback voltage. The common mode circuit asserts the common mode feedback voltage to the output PMOS transistors to establish a DC output current and to minimize drift of the common mode voltage of the transconductance block. Also, the bias voltage is level shifted from the common mode signal. The high gain amplifiers maintain the output of the Czarnul tuning network and transconductance resistors at the bias voltage. The high gain amplifiers are coupled to the input current sources and to the NMOS transistors in a negative feedback configuration. The high gain amplifiers drive the NMOS transistors to reflect an output current that corresponds to the input voltage signal.
摘要:
A loop filter for a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit may include two operational amplifiers and switched-capacitors connecting the inverted input and output of the operational amplifiers, the switched-capacitors replacing resistors found in conventional loop filters for PLL circuits. The loop filter may be in a monolithic integrated circuit, and the PLL circuit may operate with a response time heretofore available only with individual (non-IC) components. Phase error due to amplifier offset may be reduced with offset nulling techniques.
摘要:
A transimpedance processor includes a feedback circuit for generating a voltage as a function of the input background level and precharging the capacitor of the input integrator to a negative of the generated voltage in a precharge cycle.
摘要:
Spurious energy suppression for a data communication system is achieved without using a large order noise suppression filter, by means of a post-mixer tracking filter that contains a current-controlled MOSFET-implemented resistance for a transconductance-capacitance filter and an associated transconductance tuning stage. The MOSFET-implemented resistance is controlled by the same control current that establishes the output frequency. As a result, the cut-off frequency of the tracking filter is linearly proportional to the carrier and independent of absolute processing parameters and temperature.
摘要:
A system and method for monitoring a patient's compliance with a medication regimen includes an electronic tag integral with or attached to a medicine delivery device such as a capsule, the tag having an antenna and a receiver/transmitter, the system also including a reader positioned externally for detecting the presence and location of the delivery device in the patient.
摘要:
An orthogonal wavelet division multiplexing (OWDM) communication system including a synthesis section and a channel interface. The synthesis section includes a filter pair bank with multiple inputs and an output that provides an OWDM signal. Each input receives a corresponding symbol of a supersymbol, where the symbols are from a selected modulation scheme. The synthesis section generates the OWDM signal as a combination of weighted OWDM pulses, where each weighted OWDM pulse represents of a symbol of the supersymbol. An OWDM Spread Spectrum (OWSS) communication system that uses broad-time and broadband pulses generated from a family of OWDM pulses together with a set of orthogonal PN code vectors. The OWSS pulses are mutually orthogonal and allow multi-user operation. Each user is assigned an OWSS pulse corresponding to a particular PN code. OWSS enables high rate operation for wireless channels with the use of an equalizer with FE and DFE sections.
摘要:
Spurious energy suppression for a data communication system is achieved without using a large order noise suppression filter, by means of a post-mixer tracking filter that contains a current-controlled MOSFET-implemented resistance for a transconductance-capacitance filter and an associated transconductance tuning stage. The MOSFET-implemented resistance is controlled by the same control current that establishes the output frequency. As a result, the cut-off frequency of the tracking filter is linearly proportional to the carrier and independent of absolute processing parameters and temperature.
摘要:
A method and circuit for tuning an equivalent resistor in a filter so that the filter is insensitive to temperature changes in which an amplifier output is connected to a common gate of plural MOSFETs for providing equivalent resistances, and in which one input to the amplifier is connected to a reference resistor and the other input to the amplifier is connected to an equivalent resistor that includes one of the plural MOSFETs. An input current to the reference resistor and to the equivalent resistor's MOSFET is inversely proportional to the MOSFET's conduction parameter, k (i.e., .mu.C.sub.ox /2), so that both the inputs to the amplifier vary to change the amplifier output voltage to the common gate. The amplifier output changes render the filter insensitive to temperature changes.
摘要:
A CMOS limiter with input hysteresis, responsive to an input signal of varying amplitude, produces an output signal which changes between at least first and second levels, the transitions occurring when the absolute value of the amplitude of the input signal exceeds predetermined reference level. The limiter is fabricated on a single integrated circuit using CMOS switched capacitor techniques. An SC switching array selects between sampled input signal and an inverted sampled input signal depending upon the value of the output signal produced by the limiter. A comparing network (comprising an active CMOS comparator responsive to a difference signal produced at a summing node) changes the level of the output signal of the limiter when the selected signal exceeds a predetermined reference value. The summing node includes a signal level storing device (i.e. a precision capacitor) for storing the reference level during the period in which the input signal is sampled. The input offset voltage of the comparator is subtracted from the selected signal to reduce the output error of the comparator due to non-zero input offset voltage. The limiter includes a clock signal generator and sequential logic responsive to the clock signal generator for synchronizing the switching of the various switched capacitor switching elements in order to provide hysteresis.
摘要:
A radio frequency transceiver includes a radio frequency processor having a modulator/demodulator phase locked loop circuit for generating a second intermediate frequency signal. A heterodyne frequency translation loop circuit receives the second intermediate frequency signal and outputs a first intermediate frequency signal. A transmit mixer receives the first intermediate frequency signal and outputs a transmit radio frequency signal fo. A synthesizer circuit is operatively connected to the transmit mixer and the heterodyne frequency translation loop circuit for generating an oscillation signal to the transmit mixer and the heterodyne frequency translation loop circuit. The oscillation signal is divided down by factor N before passing into the heterodyne frequency translation loop circuit.