A silicon carbide semiconductor substrate has a silicon carbide semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type and a first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, provided at a front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate and having a doping concentration lower than that of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate. A portion of the first semiconductor layer contains a dopant of a second conductivity type. A concentration of the dopant of the second conductivity type in the first semiconductor layer differs in a direction parallel to an orientation flat or in a direction orthogonal to the orientation flat, the orientation flat indicating a crystal axis direction, such that a distribution of a net doping concentration in the first semiconductor layer has a variation equal to or less than a predetermined threshold.