The invention discloses a rigidity regulating structure and a rigidity regulating method for an axle box pull rod spherical hinge. The axle box pull rod spherical hinge comprises an outer sleeve, a rubber body and a mandrel, wherein the rubber body is vulcanized between the mandrel and the outer sleeve; a transverse structure and a longitudinal structure are arranged on each of the outer sleeve, the rubber body and the mandrel; the outer side of the transverse structure of the mandrel, the outer side of the longitudinal structure of the mandrel and the inner side of the transverse structure ofthe outer sleeve are set to be saw-tooth-shaped; the width of saw teeth on the mandrel and the saw teeth on the outer sleeve is regulated, and the thickness of the rubber body is regulated, so that transverse rigidity and longitudinal rigidity of the axle box pull rod spherical hinge are regulated; and a regulating hole is formed in the longitudinal structure at the outer side of the rubber body,so that longitudinal rigidity of the axle box pull rod spherical hinge is greatly regulated. A regulating hole structure is formed in the longitudinal rubber body, and longitudinal rigidity of the axle box pull rod spherical hinge is greatly reduced by increasing height, width and length of the regulating hole. A split outer sleeve is omitted, and an assembly way, in a mould, of the mandrel and the outer sleeve adopts screw-up assembly, so that the rigidity regulating structure is simple and is quick in assembly.