The invention discloses a self-protecting linear rudder control mechanism for a vessel. The self-protecting linear rudder control mechanism for the vessel comprises a motor, a bearing support, a shell, a displacement sensor, a locking device, an actuating rod assembly, a bearing and a planetary roller screw, wherein the planetary roller screw comprises a screw, a nut and a flat key; one end of thebearing support is connected with the motor, and the other end of the bearing support is connected with the shell; the bearing is arranged in the bearing support; one end of the screw passes throughan inner hole of the bearing, is inserted into the inner hole of the motor and is connected with the motor through the flat key; the screw is fixed in the shell through the nut; the locking device isarranged in the shell and is positioned between the planetary roller screw and the inner side wall surface of the shell; the actuating rod assembly is positioned at the side, away from the bearing support, of the shell and is connected with the locking device through bolts; and the displacement sensor is arranged above the shell and is connected with the shell. The self-protecting linear rudder control mechanism for the vessel has the advantages of large power, high bearing capacity, self protection, light weight, no maintenance and the like, and is innovated for the first time for surface vessel rudder control mechanisms in China.