The invention discloses a TiB2-based ceramic composite material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to a ceramic composite material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding Ti powder into TiB2 and TiC according to a percentage; placing a mixture into a ball mill for performing ball-milling treatment to obtain mixed powder; performing pressure-free sintering to obtain a TiB2-TiCl-x ceramic composite material. By adopting the TiB2-based ceramic composite material and the preparation method thereof, the problems that ceramic grains grow abnormally, the mechanical performance is lowered, and the thermal stability and red hardness of the composite material are lowered in a sintering process caused by lowering of a sintering temperature since conventional low-melting-point metals such as Ni and Co are taken as bonding phases are solved.