The invention discloses a system for vision measurement of multi-shaft commercial vehicle wheel location parameters on the basis of a two-dimensional target. The system aims at solving the problem that the multi-shaft commercial vehicle wheel location parameters cannot be detected by means of a machine vision measurement technology. The system for vision measurement of the multi-shaft commercial vehicle wheel location parameters on the basis of the two-dimensional target is composed of a beam, a connecting block, a camera base, a camera, a camera stand, a clamping plate and a stud. A three-dimensional linear guide rail and a two-dimensional arc-shaped guide rail are utilized to enable a standard target to reach the random spatial position and angle, the system has the advantages that the automobile chassis longitudinal axis determined by a commercial vehicle chassis longitudinal beam serves as the standard and the system is simple in structure, high in detection precision, small in accumulated errors and simple and convenient to operate, and vision measurement of the multi-shaft commercial vehicle wheel location parameters on the basis of machine vision is achieved.