Abstract:
Field emission devices (FEDs) are provided. In one embodiment, an FED includes an electron emitter, a tube spaced apart from the electron emitter and having a first opening and a second opening, and a gate electrode disposed on an outer surface of the tube. The first opening is disposed at one end of the tube adjacent to the electron emitter, and the second opening is disposed at the other end of the tube. The FED further includes an anode that is spaced apart from the second opening and collects secondary electrons emitted from the second opening.
Abstract:
A decorative doorbell apparatus is mounted to a building wall and includes a mounting plate secured to an outside surface of the wall. The plate includes a threaded opening that communicably corresponds with a passageway in the wall. An elongate, exteriorly threaded conduit is interengaged with the opening of the mounting plate. The conduit is received within the passageway and extends outwardly from the plate to a distal end spaced apart from the wall. A decorative member has a hole that receives the conduit such that the decorative member is mounted on the conduit between the plate and the distal end of the conduit. A doorbell switch is releasably engaged with the distal end of the conduit and is operably connected to doorbell wiring. The wiring extends through the conduit and is operably connected to a standard bell mechanism located inside the wall.
Abstract:
An incandescent lamp having a plurality of filaments which can effectively negate disadvantages of unpredictable operation and complete darkness after failure when operated similar to a conventional single filament lamp. In a preferred embodiment of the invention two filaments enclosed within an a suitable envelope are electrically connected to incandesce simultaneously. The embodiment having two filaments enclosed within an envelope of the lamp has three states: one, both filaments energize simultaneously and the lamp radiates maximum visible energy; two, first filament fails but the second filament remains energized and the lamp radiates relatively less visible energy; and three, second filament fails and the lamp is completely dark. In state one, the lamp operates similar to a conventional single filament lamp. In state two, the lamp is radiating less visible energy indicating to the user the need to be replaced before occurrence of state three, complete failure of the lamp. The lamp in state two sufficiently illuminates the area in question with an amount of visible light energy that is still considered safe. In summary, the preferred embodiment warns the user to replace the lamp before complete failure, effectively negating disadvantages of a conventional single filament lamp.
Abstract:
Double life light bulbs, fuses, and the like comprising a plurality of conducting filaments arranged in parallel having a common lead and a base comprising a hollow threaded member electrically connected to the common lead; an insulating member with open channels extending therethrough disposed in the lower end of said threaded member; a plurality of conducting members, each having an end connected, respectively, to one of the conducting filaments and the other end extending through the insulating member; and two contact members of ductile, conductive material, said contacts being bent through a 90* angle and being mounted on the exterior of the insulated section of said threaded member with the lines of fold of the respective contact members lying adjacent to one another, the vertically projecting sections of the contacts laminated together in an insulated relationship, the mounted section of the contacts having openings therein for receiving the respective conducting members; the insulated laminate structure being capable of being folded through 180* to expose, alternately, each of the available contacts.