Abstract:
The invention relates to methods of extracting DNA from seeds, said method comprising pretreating said seeds by soaking the seeds in a pretreatment solution comprising an alkali in a concentration sufficient to soften said seed; crushing said seeds; extracting said DNA from said crushed seeds. Methods also relate to the use of pretreatment solutions which further comprise an osmoticum. A method of fragmenting plant material such as seed, a method of recovering extraction medium from seed fragmentation and a process of extracting a seed component from crushed seed material are also described.
Abstract:
A milling device (100) comprises a rotatable screw (110) in an outer periphery of which spiral grooves (110a, 110b) are formed; a barrel (120) surrounding the portion of the screw (110) where the spiral grooves (110a, 110b) are formed and in an inner periphery of which a spiral groove (120a) is formed; a loader (130) for loading cereal grains into a space (135) between the screw (110) and barrel (120); a compressor (140) attached to a distal end of the barrel (120) and accumulating and pressurizing in a nearly airtight state the cereal grains ground in the space (135) and fed therein as the screw (110) rotates; and a discharge port (150) provided in a front face of the compressor (140) and blasting the cereal grains fed in and pressurized by way of rotation of the screw (110).
Abstract:
Processes and systems for commercial scale milling of wheat are disclosed. Processes include multiple tempering steps of controlled duration and cubing of the wheat kernel between two tempering steps. The cubing between the tempering breaks the kernels, or stresses the kernels, in a manner that enables a high degree of separation of the bran and endosperm early in the flour production process. An embodiment includes tempering for a first period between ½ hour and 2 hours, cubing in a roll crusher with longitudinal corrugations on one roll and circumferential corrugations on a second roll, removing fines from the cubed kernels, and further tempering of the cubed kernels for a period between ½ hour and 2 hours.
Abstract:
A process for simplified production of a reference milling for determining the milling quality of wheat, includes: a first crushing of a wheat sample; a first sieving of the crushed product into three distinct levels of particle size; a second crushing of oversize particles resulting from the first crushing; a second sieving of the oversize particles thus crushed; a mixing of coarse semolina resulting from the sievings; a third crushing of the mixture of the coarse semolina; a third sieving of the mixture of the coarse semolina thus crushed into two distinct levels of particle size; a mixing of fine semolina resulting from each of the three sievings; a fourth crushing of the mixture of fine semolina; a fourth sieving of the mixture of the fine semolina thus crushed into a single level of particle size; a mixing of the flours resulting from sievings, the mixture constituting the desired milling.
Abstract:
The invention broadly relates to methods of fragmenting seed by use of mechanical devices such as crushing pins or other crushing devices with a preconditioned hard seed. Methods of preconditioning the seeds to soften the seed for more effective fragmentation which are adapted to enhance extracted DNA yields and/or DNA quality are shown. Extracted DNA yield from alkali-soaked seeds can be significantly increased by adding an osmoticum to a seed-softening alkali soaking solution used for pretreatment of the seeds prior to crushing them. The osmoticum inhibits and reduces liquid uptake by the seeds, but the seeds are weakened enough to be crushed with steel beads, without requiring the use of crushing pins or other crushing devices.
Abstract:
A bran finishing process in grain milling employs a milling machine in which bran that contains some endosperm, including aleurone, is fed into an annular milling chamber defined on an inner side by an eccentric cylindrical rotor and on an outer side by a frame assembly that includes perforated screens and abrasive surfaces. Longitudinal lobes protrude radially from the rotor. The lobes compress the bran as they rotate, while the lesser diameter of the rotor between lobes allows the bran to decompress, causing bran particles to rub together for detaching endosperm from the bran by friction forces. Bran particles also rub against the abrasive surfaces for scraping endosperm off the bran. Air flows through the milling chamber and carries the endosperm through the perforated screens, while the bran particles are discharged without passing through the screens.
Abstract:
The invention provides synthetic nucleic acid sequences encoding proteins of interest that are particularly adapted to express well in plants. The claimed synthetic sequences utilize plant-optimized codons roughly in the same frequency at which they are utilized, on average, in genes naturally occurring in the plant species. The invention further includes synthetic DNA sequence for herbicide tolerance, water and/or heat stress tolerance, healthy oil modifications and for transformation marker genes and selectable marker genes are used. DNA construct and transgenic plants containing the synthetic sequences are taught as are methods and compositions for using the plants in agriculture.
Abstract:
Methods and compositions are disclosed that comprise cement kiln dust having a mean particle size that has been altered. An embodiment discloses a subterranean treatment method comprising: introducing a treatment fluid into a subterranean formation, wherein the treatment fluid comprises cement kiln dust having a mean particle size that has been altered from its original size by grinding, separating, or a combination thereof. Another embodiment discloses a subterranean treatment method comprising: introducing a treatment fluid into a subterranean formation, wherein the treatment fluid comprises cement kiln dust having a mean particle size that has been reduced from its original size.
Abstract:
A whitish whole-wheat flour and a process for producing the flour are described wherein the wheat bran is separated into a fine bran and a coarse bran fraction and the course bran is pulverized to a smaller size and mixed into the flour.
Abstract:
An automatic bread maker comprises a container in which bread ingredients are fed; a body for accommodating the container; a control unit for carrying out bread-making steps in a state in which the container is accommodated in the body; and a rise detector for detecting that dough has risen to a prescribed height from an upper surface of the container in a state in which the container is accommodated in the body.