Abstract:
Methods are described to make strong, tough, and/or lightweight glass-ceramic composites having a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase generated by viscous reaction sintering of a complex mixture of oxides and other materials. The present invention further relates to strong, tough, and lightweight glass-ceramic composites that can be used as proppants and for other uses.
Abstract:
The invention provides a cellular polyurethane foam composition for forming a cellular ceramic under fire conditions, the composition comprising: at least 40% by weight based on the total weight of the composition of a polyurethane; from 10% to 40% by weight based on the total weight of the composition of silicate mineral filler; from 5% to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the composition of at least one inorganic phosphate that forms a liquid phase at a temperature of no more than 800° C.; from 0.1% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the composition of a heat expandable solid material; and wherein the total proportion of inorganic components constitutes in the range of from 20% to 60% by weight of the total composition.
Abstract:
The invention provides a cellular polyurethane foam composition for forming a cellular ceramic under fire conditions, the composition comprising: at least 40% by weight based on the total weight of the composition of a polyurethane; from 10% to 40% by weight based on the total weight of the composition of silicate mineral filler; from 5% to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the composition of at least one inorganic phosphate that forms a liquid phase at a temperature of no more than 800° C.; from 0.1% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the composition of a heat expandable solid material; and wherein the total proportion of inorganic components constitutes in the range of from 20% to 60% by weight of the total composition.
Abstract:
A method for increasing the yield of carbon foam is described. The method includes placing a foaming sheet over the top surface of the material to be foamed. In certain embodiments, the foaming sheet is placed over the top surface of particulate coal prior to and during the foaming process. In some embodiments the foaming sheet is a smooth, continuous sheet, such as aluminum foil or the like. The resulting carbon product includes an increased amount of usable carbon foam.
Abstract:
The present invention includes methods for simultaneously producing, within a single container, two or more sections of high density carbon foam materials of defined shape. A method used to prepare high density carbon foam sections may involve heating a comminuted agglomerating bituminous coal bed, that is at least partially divided into two or more sections by the use of partitions within the coal bed, to an elevated temperature sufficient to result in the coal particles softening and melting together to form sections of a generally homogeneous, continuous, open cell carbon material. The sections of homogeneous open cell carbon material are then maintained at an elevated temperature for a period of time sufficient to substantially reduce or essentially eliminate the plastic properties of the bituminous coal. As desired, the resultant high density carbon foam sections may be cooled to essentially ambient temperatures or immediately or subsequently heated to elevated temperatures as great as about 3200° C., followed by cooling.
Abstract:
There are newly provided an index which quantitatively indicates shapes of kaolin particles, and a method of measuring the index. There is also provided a method of manufacturing a low-thermal-expansion honeycomb structure suitable for an application such as a car exhaust gas purifying catalyst carrier by use of the kaolin particles whose index is not less than a predetermined value. A certain amount of kaolin particles 1 are pressed and filled into a container 2, peak intensities of the kaolin particles 1 in (200), (020), and (002) faces are measured by X-ray diffraction, respectively, and a cleavage index of the kaolin particles 1 is calculated from the resultant measured values by the following equation (1): Cleavage index=(002)/[(200)+(020)+(002)] (Equation 1), wherein (200), (020), and (002) denote values of the peak intensities of the kaolin particles measured in the (200), (020), and (002) faces by the X-ray diffraction, respectively.
Abstract:
There are newly provided an index which quantitatively indicates shapes of kaolin particles, and a method of measuring the index. There is also provided a method of manufacturing a low-thermal-expansion honeycomb structure suitable for an application such as a car exhaust gas purifying catalyst carrier by use of the kaolin particles whose index is not less than a predetermined value. A certain amount of kaolin particles 1 are pressed and filled into a container 2, peak intensities of the kaolin particles 1 in (200), (020), and (002) faces are measured by X-ray diffraction, respectively, and a cleavage index of the kaolin particles 1 is calculated from the resultant measured values by the following equation (1): Cleavage index=(002)/[(200)+(020)+(002)] (1), wherein (200), (020), and (002) denote values of the peak intensities of the kaolin particles measured in the (200), (020), and (002) faces by the X-ray diffraction, respectively.
Abstract:
A method for increasing the yield of carbon foam is described. The method includes placing a foaming sheet over the top surface of the material to be foamed. In certain embodiments, the foaming sheet is placed over the top surface of particulate coal prior to and during the foaming process. In some embodiments the foaming sheet is a smooth, continuous sheet, such as aluminum foil or the like. The resulting carbon product includes an increased amount of usable carbon foam.
Abstract:
An apparatus for manufacturing ceramically bonded shaped bodies from granulates of inflatable mineral materials, particularly clay, which comprises a combustion chamber including two combustion chamber regions tapered down in opposite directions. A fire box is provided which has a bottom grate and is adapted to be filled with granulates of inflatable material. A mount is arranged for the fire box in substantially the plane of the joint largest cross-section of the combustion chamber and movable through the latter. A conduit system is connected to both ends of the burning chamber for guiding fuel - and reaction - gases in a circuit. At least one burner device is disposed in the circuit. A reversing device for reversing the flow of the gases through the combustion chamber is provided. The mount comprises a pocketshaped enlargement open to the axis of the chamber for reception of the fire box in the combustion chamber. The fire box engages the enlargement with an annular outer holding - and guide frame, the latter being covered in the pocket-shaped enlargement against the effect of the heat - and reaction - gases and being connected with a divided heat-shield device limiting laterally the filling space of the fire box by arms limiting the heat flow.