摘要:
The device comprises a device (2) for creating an essentially linear target (4) in an evacuated space where laser beams (1) are focused, the target being suitable for interacting with the focused laser beams (1) to emit a plasma emitting radiation in the extreme ultraviolet. A receiver device (3) receives the target (4) after it has interacted with the focused laser beams (1), and a collector device (110) collects the EUV radiation emitted by the target (4). The focusing elements (11) for focusing the laser beams on the target (4) are arranged in such a manner that the laser beams (1) are focused on the target (4) laterally, being situated in a common half-space relative to the target (4) and being inclined at a determined angle lying in the range about 60° to about 90° relative to a mean collection axis (6) perpendicular to the target (4). The collector device (110) is disposed symmetrically about the mean collection axis (6) in the half-space containing the laser beams (1) focused on the target (4) and inside a conical space (8) centered on the mean collection axis (6) with a vertex situated at the target (4) and a half-angle at the vertex that is less than the angle of inclination of the focused laser beams (1) relative to the mean collection axis (6). The device is suitable for use as a source for EUV radiation in lithography for fabricating integrated circuits.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for dissolving plutonium dioxide by means of OH.sup.- radicals produced by radiolysis of water and usable for the treatment of dissolving fines and plutoniferous waste.To this end, contacting takes place in a reactor (1) of solid products containing PuO.sub.2 coming from the hopper (5) with an aqueous nitric solution (3) irradiated by radiation or charged particles for producing OH.sup.- radicals by radiolysis of said solution, in the presence of a reagent such as N.sub.2 O, able to trap the solvated electrons and the H.sup.- radicals produced in simultaneous manner and optionally a redox mediator such as silver.Irradiation can take place by an alpha or beta emitter present in the solution or by an external source such as an irradiator or an electron accelerator.
摘要:
This invention relates to a method and device for providing a variable delay line. The delay is adjusted by the movement of a wall separating two adjacent portions having different electromechanical properties which are thereby discontinuous. An acoustic wave is produced in one end portion having a carrier frequency which is modulated by the signal to be delayed, the acoustic wave propagating inside the bar in a direction which is perpendicular to the discontinuity surface. The electric signal produced by the surface is connected to a receiver circuit and the delay is obtained by electromechanical means varying the position of the wall along the direction perpendicular to the discontinuous surface.
摘要:
The device comprises a first acoustic conductor placed vertically within the coolant liquid contained in a nuclear reactor vessel and a second coaxial acoustic conductor extending to the exterior of the reactor vessel. The device essentially comprises an accelerometer assembly for detecting signals delivered by the second conductor and an amplifier which applies the detected signals to measuring instruments located outside the reactor vessel. The accelerometer comprises an amplifying pressure needle carried by the upper end of the second conductor, a piezoelectric ceramic element, a block fitted with a spring for applying the ceramic element against the needle and a preamplifier connected in series with the amplifier.
摘要:
A voltage which is proportional to the mean slope of the slow phase of the nth pulse of the signal is produced and then integrated during the time interval of the fast return of the nth pulse so as to produce the signal In. The low-gradient section of the nth pulse is added to the cumulated signal corresponding to the n - 1 first pulses so as to produce a signal Pn and the signals Pn and In are added so as to produce the cumulated signal Sn corresponding to the n first pulses.
摘要:
A step-bearing pivot having a spherical lower end is secured to the centrifuge bowl and a spherical step-bearing cup formed at the bottom of a lifting-oil chamber rests on elastic damping means which essentially comprise a hollow elastic shaft surrounded by and attached to a hollow damping support of slightly conical shape, a leak-tight cylindrical-conical outer casing which forms a closed space containing the shaft-support assembly and filled with damping oil which has low variation of viscosity, an inner tube and axial deflector for ensuring laminar flow of a cooling fluid within the central portion of the hollow elastic shaft.
摘要:
The device has a high-speed phase meter which responds in one period of the defect signal to generate an analog signal which is proportional to the phase of the defect signal. A high-speed phase comparator delivers a phase logic signal when the phase analog signal is in a range between first and second threshold levels, a circuit for detecting the direction of the first phase unbalance delivers a direction logic signal when the first variation in the phase analog signal is in the direction of the range between the first and second threshold levels. A circuit generates a peak to peak amplitude analog signal whose amplitude is proportional to the defect signal. A high-speed peak amplitude comparator delivers a peak amplitude signal when the amplitude of the input analog signal is higher than a third threshold, at least one positioning cell is used which supplies positioning logic information and an AND-gate delivers a logical signal alarm signal when the aforementioned logical items are present.
摘要:
In a method of positioning hoops of steel wire or strip for the application of circular prestress to pressure vessels provided at uniform intervals with peripheral support saddles, a winding core is placed between the saddles and the prestressing hoops and is displaced in rotational motion so as to wind the hoops. The device for carrying out the method comprises radial rollers and adjacent axial rollers so arranged as to form a roller track corresponding to the internal diameter of the winding core, at least one pressure roller for displacing the core and the hoop and at least one stationary drum for feeding steel strip.
摘要:
The phase-shift cell comprises in combination a programmable generator which produces constant currents, a bistable threshold circuit connected through an integrator to the output of the generator, and a feedback loop connected between the output of the threshold circuit and the input of the generator. Reversals of the threshold circuit to a first state are initiated by synchronizing signals to be phase-shifted, reversals to a second state being initiated by the output signal of the integrator when the signal attains the threshold level of the bistable circuit. The phase shift of the output signal of said bistable circuit with respect to the input signal is determined by the instant T.sub.1 of reversal to the second state. An additional current generator connected between the aforementioned generator and the integrator modifies the output signal of this latter in order to vary the instant of reversal of the bistable threshold circuit to the second state.
摘要:
The laser generator comprises a suitably excited active medium placed within a resonator. The resonator is constituted by a mirror having a high coefficient of reflection and by a selective reflector assembly comprising a plurality of plates having parallel faces cut in a birefringent material in a direction parallel to the optical axis. The plates as well as their neutral lines are parallel to each other, each plate being preceded by a polarizer in which the direction of polarization makes an angle of 45* with the neutral lines.