Abstract:
In a method for the start-up operation of a multi-axis system, with the multi-axis system including, as components, segments connected via respective joints and are movable in one or more axes, and a tool, connected to one of the segments and is movable to a specified position, optical markers are arranged in the environment. Position coordinates of the optical markers in a first, global coordinate system are ascertained and stored in the controller. The environment is captured as image data by a camera system. The image data are transmitted to an AR system and visualized in an output apparatus. The optical markers and virtual markers are represented during the visualization of the image data, wherein a respective virtual marker is assigned to an optical marker. A check is performed as to whether an optical marker and the virtual marker overlay one another in the visualized image data.
Abstract:
A method for storing and propagating error information in computer programs, in which a globally valid error variable is used for storing and propagating the error information, wherein for each recognized error a nonzero value for the error is added to the error variable as error information with a respective stipulated arithmetic sign, and wherein the value is formed from a discrepancy in the content of a coded variable from an expected value. This combination and integration of a separate global propagation variable with values derived from an error, particularly by virtue of detected discrepancies in the known error recognition and propagation paths using operations and operands in “coded processing”, achieves an increased propagation certainty.
Abstract:
The method and the apparatus are concerned exclusively with dynamic processes that can be represented dominantly by discrete-event processes and for the dynamics of which it is not the time but rather the logical order of the symbols that is critical.The method and the apparatus cater to the specifics of discrete-event problems.The technical apparatus for designing and realizing automated reactions to the failure of actuators and sensors in discrete automation-engineering installations ensures that the effects of said failures on the process remain at a minimum, and also a method that allows said faults to be systematically integrated into discrete-event models in order to take this as a basis for carrying out formal design of fault-tolerant discrete-event controllers.
Abstract:
In a method in a computer system for recoding a coded intermediate variable into a recoded result variable a product is formed by multiplying an input constant by an input variable to be coded. The coded intermediate variable is formed as a function of the product and a multiplicative inverse is determined on the basis of the input constant. The multiplicative inverse is applied to the coded intermediate variable, so that no uncoded or partially uncoded interim result is produced and/or an error information potentially contained in the coded intermediate variable is still detectable in the interim result.
Abstract:
A method including a) receiving a computer generated data set of sequencing constraints describing a software system to be executed on an automation system and including software components and runnable function entities distributed over the number of computing nodes; b) generating a transition matrix from the data set of sequencing constraints, the transition matrix having a plurality of matrix elements each of them describing, by a transition value, a transition from a runnable function entity to another runnable function entity; c) receiving a computer generated communication matrix describing communication links between the computing nodes in the automation system; d) generating a Markov chain out of the data set of sequencing constraints and the communication matrix; e) generating a distribution function from the Markov chain describing used resources of the computing nodes by the software components and runnable function entities; and f) optimizing the allocation of resources.
Abstract:
A method for the start-up operation of a multi-axis system, the multi-axis system having segments which are movable by a controller in one or more axes, and a tool which is connected to one of the segments and is movable and drivable to a specified position by the controller. The method includes assigning a workspace and a safe space to the multi-axis system, arranging optical markers in an environment, making it possible for an augmented reality system to determine the position of a camera system which records the multi-axis system within the environment, defining a bounding body for each of the components such that the bounding body encloses the component, calculating a position of the bounding body during the movement of the multi-axis system, visualizing the bounding bodies together with an image recorded by the camera system, and checking whether the bounding body intersects with the safe space.
Abstract:
A method for stipulating a starting time for an update for a control apparatus that controls at least one peripheral component in a process automation installation by producing control outputs is disclosed. The update requires at least one predetermined down time. The invention is based on a suitable starting time for performing an update in order to perform an update in the course of operation of a process automation installation without risk. The method involves detecting a current operating state for the at least one peripheral component, taking the detected operating state as a basis for using a controlled system model of the process to simulate what state trajectory the at least one peripheral component negotiates within the down time for a predetermined static control output, and checking whether the state trajectory lies exclusively within a range of admissible operating states, and, if appropriate, starting the update.