公开(公告)号：US4559133A

公开(公告)日：1985-12-17

申请号：US532810

申请日：1983-09-15

申请人： Peter Siegfried ,  Gerd Brunner ,  Dieter Stutzer

发明人： Peter Siegfried ,  Gerd Brunner ,  Dieter Stutzer

IPC分类号： B01D11/02 ,  B01D12/00 ,  B01D15/04 ,  B01D43/00 ,  C10G1/00 ,  C10G31/00 ,  C10M175/00 ,  C10G21/20 ,  C10G21/10

CPC分类号： B01D11/0203 ,  B01D12/00 ,  B01D43/00 ,  C10G1/002 ,  C10G31/00 ,  C10M175/005

摘要： A process is disclosed of separating fine solids from oil in which the solids are dispersed which comprising contacting said oil with a combination of a compressed above-critical gas and an entraining agent at such temperature and such pressure that the system consisting of the oil, entraining agent and above-critical gas constitutes a single phase, withdrawing and separating the so-withdrawn phase into a liquid phase rich in oil and a gas phase lean in oil, the single-phase mixture of oil, entraining agent and above-critical gas from the solids.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种将细固体与油分离的方法，其中固体分散在其中，其包括在所述温度和压力下使所述油与压缩的高于临界气体和引入剂的组合接触，使得由油，夹带 试剂和高于临界气体构成单相，将所抽出的相排出并分离成富含油和富油的气相的液相，油，夹带剂和高于临界气体的单相混合物 固体。

公开(公告)号：US5210240A

公开(公告)日：1993-05-11

申请号：US933594

申请日：1992-08-20

申请人： Siegfried Peter ,  Gerd Brunner

发明人： Siegfried Peter ,  Gerd Brunner

IPC分类号： B01D11/02 ,  C11B1/10

CPC分类号： B01D11/0203 ,  C11B1/104 ,  Y02P20/544

摘要： A process for the extraction of oils from oil-containing solid vegetable material by means of compressed gases, wherein said vegetable material is extracted with a mixture consisting of a supercritical gas and a subcritical entraining agent selected from the group consisting of propane, butane, pentane, ethanol, ethyl acetate, formaldehydedimethylacetal, CHF.sub.2 Cl and mixtures thereof, wherein the conditions of pressure, temperature and composition are selected so as to form a single fluid phase in said mixture of oil, supercritical gas and subcritical entraining agent, said extraction resulting in a loaded extractant which is separated from the extracted material in a separator and converted into an oil-rich liquid phase and a gaseous oil-exhausted phase in a regenerator by temperature increase and/or pressure decrease and said oil-rich phase and said oil-exhausted phase are separated and the oil-rich phase is pressure relieved, whereupon, if desired, the entraining agent remaining in the obtained oil is recovered.

摘要翻译： 一种通过压缩气体从含油固体植物材料中提取油的方法，其中所述植物材料用由超临界气体和选自丙烷，丁烷，戊烷的亚临界加料剂组成的混合物萃取 ，乙醇，乙酸乙酯，甲醛二甲缩醛，CHF 2 Cl及其混合物，其中选择压力，温度和组成的条件以在所述油，超临界气体和亚临界加料剂的混合物中形成单一流体相，所述萃取产生 其在分离器中与提取的材料分离并通过升温和/或减压而在再生器中转化为富油液相和气态油排出相，并且所述富油相和所述油排出 相分离并且富油相被压力释放，因此如果需要，保留在第 获得的油被回收。

公开(公告)号：US4322445A

公开(公告)日：1982-03-30

申请号：US933482

申请日：1978-08-14

申请人： Siegfried Peter ,  Gerd Brunner

发明人： Siegfried Peter ,  Gerd Brunner

IPC分类号： A23F5/20 ,  B01D11/02

CPC分类号： B01D11/0203 ,  A23F5/206

摘要： The invention involves a process for the decaffeination of coffee, wherein--usually moistened--coffee is exposed to a circulating medium essentially composed of a compressed gas and an entrainer; this medium is subjected to partial condensation of the caffeine containing entrainer, in the absence of decompression; the caffeine is recovered from the condensate by evaporation of the entrainer portion thereof, and the medium is recycled to the coffee for continued extraction of caffeine therefrom.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种咖啡脱咖啡因的方法，其中通常将湿咖啡暴露于基本上由压缩气体和夹带剂组成的循环介质中; 该介质在没有减压的情况下进行含咖啡因的夹带剂的部分冷凝; 通过蒸发其夹带部分从冷凝物回收咖啡因，并将培养基再循环到咖啡中以从中继续提取咖啡因。

公开(公告)号：US5777141A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-07

申请号：US699883

申请日：1996-08-16

申请人： Gerd Brunner ,  Frank Reichmann

发明人： Gerd Brunner ,  Frank Reichmann

IPC分类号： C07B63/00 ,  B01D15/08 ,  C07C51/47 ,  C07C57/07 ,  C07C57/12 ,  C07C67/56 ,  C11B3/10 ,  C11B7/00 ,  C11C1/00 ,  C11C1/08

CPC分类号： C11C1/005 ,  B01D15/40 ,  C07C51/47 ,  C07C67/56 ,  Y02P20/544

摘要： A process for the recovery of unsaturated fatty acids with at least 16 carbon atoms in the molecule or a derivative of such a fatty acid from a mixture of fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives by column chromatography with supercritical or liquid carbon dioxide as the mobile phase comprises using aluminum oxide, optionally pretreated with alkali, as the stationary phase. The pre-treatment of the aluminum oxide is conveniently effected by contacting the particulate aluminum oxide with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, optionally supplemented with a water-miscible or water-soluble organic solvent, in the pH range of about 10 to about 13 over several hours. The unsaturated fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives produced chromatographically in this manner are suitable as valuable active agents in the fields of nutrition and medicine.

摘要翻译： 一种通过使用超临界或液体二氧化碳作为流动相的柱色谱法从分子中回收具有至少16个碳原子的不饱和脂肪酸或这种脂肪酸衍生物的方法，所述方法来自脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸衍生物的混合物 相包括使用氧化铝，任选地用碱预处理，作为固定相。 氧化铝的预处理方便地通过使颗粒状氧化铝与碱金属或碱土金属氢氧化物的水溶液（任选地补充有水混溶性或水溶性有机溶剂）在pH范围内接触来实现 约数十小时至十三日。 以这种方式色谱产生的不饱和脂肪酸或脂肪酸衍生物在营养和医学领域中是有价值的活性剂。

公开(公告)号：US4502919A

公开(公告)日：1985-03-05

申请号：US540192

申请日：1983-10-07

申请人： Gerd Brunner ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Konrad K/u/ nstle

发明人： Gerd Brunner ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Konrad K/u/ nstle

IPC分类号： C10G1/02 ,  C10G1/06 ,  B01D11/02 ,  C10B53/06

CPC分类号： C10G1/065 ,  C10G1/02

摘要： An arrangement for extracting crude oil from oil shale comprising: a low temperature carbonization reactor; a processing means for feeding a slurry of oil shale, solvent and hydrogen into the low temperature carbonization reactor; a separating means for separating the resulting gaseous low temperature carbonization mixture from the used oil shale and for separating the low temperature carbonization mixture into gaseous and liquid low temperature carbonization products; a gas turbine the exhaust gas outlet of which is connected to two heat exchangers, one of which heat exchangers is disposed in a circulation system for a scavenging gas, which circulation system includes a separating reactor (which forms part of said separating means) in which in use the scavenging gas flows upwardly in counterflow to the oil shale for separation of the fluid low temperature carbonization mixture from the used oil shale, and the other of which heat exchangers is disposed between the low temperature carbonization reactor and said separating reactor; the low temperature carbonization reactor including a fluidizing cooler with a fluidized bed means for feeding used oil shale from the separating reactor to the fluidized bed and means for feeding turbine exhaust gas from either or both of said two heat exchangers to the fluidized bed for fluidizing the bed.

摘要翻译： 一种用于从油页岩提取原油的装置，包括：低温碳化反应器; 用于将油页岩，溶剂和氢气的浆料进料到低温碳化反应器中的处理装置; 分离装置，用于从所使用的油页岩中分离所得到的气态低温碳化混合物，并将低温碳化混合物分离成气态和液态低温碳化产物; 燃气轮机，其排气出口连接到两个热交换器，其中一个热交换器设置在用于清除气体的循环系统中，该循环系统包括分离反应器（其形成所述分离装置的一部分），其中 在使用中，清除气体向上逆流流向油页岩，用于将流体低温碳化混合物与废油页岩进行分离，另一个在低温碳化反应器和分离反应器之间设置热交换器; 所述低温碳化反应器包括具有流化床装置的流化冷却器装置，用于将废油页岩从分离反应器输送到流化床，以及用于将来自所述两个热交换器中的一个或两个的涡轮机排气供给到流化床的装置， 床。

公开(公告)号：US08048462B2

公开(公告)日：2011-11-01

申请号：US12278813

申请日：2007-01-31

申请人： Gerd Brunner ,  Kai Gast ,  Meng-Han Chuang ,  Sendil Kumar ,  Philip Chan ,  Wan Ping Chan

发明人： Gerd Brunner ,  Kai Gast ,  Meng-Han Chuang ,  Sendil Kumar ,  Philip Chan ,  Wan Ping Chan

IPC分类号： A23D9/007

CPC分类号： B01D15/00 ,  B01D11/0403 ,  B01D11/0407 ,  B01D11/0426 ,  B01D11/0492 ,  B01J20/103 ,  C11B1/104 ,  Y02P20/544

摘要： From palm oil, valuable compounds like the tocochromanols, carotenoids, phytosterols and other can be derived in the new process. Fractions derived from crude palm oil, already enriched to some extent in tocochromanols, carotenoids, phytosterols, and others, are treated by supercritical fluid technology in a unique combination of counter current separation with selective adsorption and desorption using supercritical fluids.

摘要翻译： 从棕榈油中，可以在新工艺中得到有价值的化合物，如二氢色素，类胡萝卜素，植物甾醇等。 已经在一定程度上富集于苯并二氢吡喃，类胡萝卜素，植物甾醇等粗制棕榈油的馏分以超临界流体技术以相对电流分离与使用超临界流体的选择性吸附和解吸的独特组合进行处理。

公开(公告)号：US4994174A

公开(公告)日：1991-02-19

申请号：US453820

申请日：1989-12-19

申请人： Konrad Kunstle ,  Gerd Brunner ,  Jurgen Hoffmann ,  Till Dehrmann

发明人： Konrad Kunstle ,  Gerd Brunner ,  Jurgen Hoffmann ,  Till Dehrmann

IPC分类号： C10B53/06 ,  C10G1/02 ,  C10G1/06

CPC分类号： C10G1/02 ,  C10B53/06 ,  C10G1/06 ,  C10G1/065

摘要： A process and system for low-temperature carbonization of oil shale, oil sands and similar oil-bearing solids includes low-temperature carbonization of oil-bearing solids in a high-pressure fluidized bed reactor in the presence of a substance selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and steam at temperatures substantially between 400.degree.and 600.degree. C. for producing low-temperature carbonization gas. The low-temperature carbonization gas is condensed in at least two stages for producing relatively higher boiling and relatively lower boiling oil fractions. The oil-bearing solids are peripherally mashed with the higher boiling oil fraction of the low-temperature carbonization gas, before introducing the oil-bearing solids into the high-pressure fluidized bed reactor. The oil-bearing solids mashed with the higher boiling oil fraction are returned to the high-pressure fluidized bed reactor.

摘要翻译： 油页岩，油砂和类似含油固体的低温碳化过程和系统包括在高压流化床反应器中存在的含油固体的低温碳化，所述物质选自 的氢气和蒸汽，温度基本上在400至600℃之间，用于生产低温碳化气体。 低温碳化气体至少冷凝两个阶段，以产生相对较高沸点和相对较低沸点的馏分。 在将含油固体引入高压流化床反应器之前，将含油固体与低温碳化气体的较高沸点馏分周边混合。 用较高沸点油馏分捣碎的含油固体返回高压流化床反应器。

公开(公告)号：US4505809A

公开(公告)日：1985-03-19

申请号：US546890

申请日：1983-10-31

申请人： Gerd Brunner ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Konrad Kunstle

发明人： Gerd Brunner ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Konrad Kunstle

IPC分类号： C10G1/06 ,  C10G1/02 ,  C10B39/04 ,  C10B53/06

CPC分类号： C10G1/06

摘要： A process for extracting hydrocarbons from oil shale comprising the steps of subjecting oil shale under superatmospheric pressure in the presence of hydrogen and steam, to low temperature hydrogenating distillation; separating the resulting fluid distillation mixture into liquid and gaseous products; and returning water and hydrogen separated from the fluid distillation mixture to the low temperature distillation; in which:heat is drawn-off from the hot oil shale, after treatment in a low temperature hydrogenating distillation reactor, by the shale being sprayed wtih water whereby saturated steam is produced in decreasing pressure stages;the saturated steam of the pressure stages and water extracted during product separation are fed into the individual stages of a multi-stage compressor driven by a gas turbine, and are then delivered via a steam supply line to the reactor;the gas turbine is fuelled by supplying separated-off gaseous distillation products thereto; andthe exhaust gases of the gas turbine are fed to a heat exchanger arranged in the steam supply line.

摘要翻译： 一种从油页岩中提取烃的方法，包括在氢气和蒸汽存在下，在超大气压下对油页岩进行低温氢化蒸馏的步骤; 将所得流体蒸馏混合物分离成液态和气态产物; 并将从流体蒸馏混合物分离出的水和氢返回到低温蒸馏; 其中：在低温氢化蒸馏反应器中处理后，热页岩从热油页岩中排出，页岩被水喷射，从而在减压阶段产生饱和蒸汽; 将压力级的饱和蒸汽和在分离过程中提取的水分供给到由燃气轮机驱动的多级压缩机的各个级中，然后通过蒸汽供应管线输送到反应器; 通过向其分配的气态蒸馏产物供给燃气轮机; 并且燃气轮机的废气被供给到布置在蒸汽供应管线中的热交换器。

公开(公告)号：US4345976A

公开(公告)日：1982-08-24

申请号：US10143

申请日：1979-02-07

申请人： Siegfried Peter ,  Gerd Brunner ,  Rolf Riha

发明人： Siegfried Peter ,  Gerd Brunner ,  Rolf Riha

IPC分类号： B01D3/40 ,  B01D11/04 ,  C07C51/46 ,  B01D3/36 ,  C11C1/10

CPC分类号： C07C51/46 ,  B01D11/0407 ,  B01D3/40 ,  Y02P20/544

摘要： The invention involves a process for substantially separating the components of mixtures of substances at least one of which is of low volatility while the other is of low or no volatility, the process using a compressed gas under supercritical conditions and an entrainer which increases the concentration of said mixture in the gaseous phase as well as the separation factor between the components to be separated. The process operates in two distillation zones the first of which substantially separates the components of low volatility in a process similar to a rectification process while the second distillation zone separates the top product of the first distillation zone from the gas with the aid of the entrainer which is condensed partially and in this state is passed in countercurrent to the gas carrying the separated component of low volatility.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于基本上分离其中至少一种具有低挥发性，另一种具有低挥发性或不挥发性的物质混合物的组分的方法，该方法在超临界条件下使用压缩气体，并且夹带剂增加了 所述气相中的混合物以及要分离的组分之间的分离因子。 该方法在两个蒸馏区中操作，其中第一个蒸馏区在类似于精馏过程的过程中基本上分离低挥发性组分，而第二蒸馏区借助于夹带剂将第一蒸馏区的顶部产物与气体分离， 被部分冷凝，并且在该状态下与携带低挥发性的分离组分的气体逆流通过。

公开(公告)号：US20090155434A1

公开(公告)日：2009-06-18

申请号：US12278813

申请日：2007-01-31

申请人： Gerd Brunner ,  Kai Gast ,  Meng-Han Chuang ,  Sendil Kumar ,  Philip Chan ,  Wan Ping Chan

发明人： Gerd Brunner ,  Kai Gast ,  Meng-Han Chuang ,  Sendil Kumar ,  Philip Chan ,  Wan Ping Chan

IPC分类号： A23D9/02

CPC分类号： B01D15/00 ,  B01D11/0403 ,  B01D11/0407 ,  B01D11/0426 ,  B01D11/0492 ,  B01J20/103 ,  C11B1/104 ,  Y02P20/544

摘要： From palm oil valuable compounds like the tocochromanols, carotenoids, phytosterols, and others can be derived. Enrichment to highly concentrated fractions is hindered by the enormous number of components involved, the very low volatility, the very low solubility of many of the compounds in organic solvents, and the high viscosity of the mixtures to be processed. Starting materials for the new process are enriched fractions of tocochromanols (about 20 to about 50 wt.-%) and/or carotenoids (about 10 to 30 wt.-%) from palm oil obtained by conventional processes, or by counter current multistage processes with supercritical carbon dioxide. These processes, not addressed here, may comprise: Removal of free fatty acids, transesterification of the triglycerides to methyl or ethyl esters, removal of the esters, e.g. by short path distillation, separation of the tocochromanol fraction from the carotenoid fraction by cooling. In the new process, fractions derived from crude palm oil, already enriched to some extent in tocochromanols, carotenoids, phytosterols, and others, are being treated by supercritical fluid technology in a unique combination of counter current separation with selective adsorption and desorption using supercritical fluids. A first enrichment, comprising one or more separation steps by application of a near critical or a supercritical fluid in a single or multistage (counter current) separation process is combined appropriately with a second enrichment step wherein the product of the first enrichment step is directly adsorbed on an adsorbent (silicagel) by passing the product flow over a fixed bed of adsorbent without substantial pressure change, and subsequent desorption with the same (or an other) near critical or supercritical fluid at the same or a different pressure as in the first separation, or by a pre-designed sequence of pressures and temperatures. For the tocochromanol enrichment, carbon dioxide at near critical conditions above the critical temperature of carbon dioxide is used. For the carotenoid enrichment, propane at near critical conditions below the critical temperature of propane is used.