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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4505808A
公开(公告)日：1985-03-19
申请号：US532826
申请日：1983-09-15
申请人： Gerd Brunner , Rainer Hoffmann , Konrad Kunstle
发明人： Gerd Brunner , Rainer Hoffmann , Konrad Kunstle
CPC分类号： C10G1/06 , Y10S208/951
摘要： Method of extracting liquid hydrocarbons from oil-containing stone or sand, wherein the oil-containing stone or the oil-containing sand undergoes hydrogenating, low temperature carbonization in a reactor at temperatures of 450.degree. to 520.degree. C. and a pressure of approximately 50 bar through the action of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and steam, and wherein the hydrocarbons are separated from the resulting gaseous, low temperature carbonization mixture. The low temperature carbonization mixture from the reactor is cooled in a first separation stage to a temperature of approximately 350.degree. C. to condense the less volatile hydrocarbons. The separated, liquid phase is fed to a solids separator and placed in contact with a circulating gas of carbon dioxide and a C.sub.6 /C.sub.7 hydrocarbon fraction. The low temperature carbonization mixture containing uncondensed gases and more volatile hydrocarbons are washed in a second separation stage with water and cooled to approximately 250.degree. C. Gas containing hydrogen separated from the volatile hydrocarbons is fed at least partly to the reactor again. Carbon monoxide is obtained from the solids through the action of carbon dioxide, contained in hot, combustion gases. This carbon monoxide together with carbon dioxide of the combustion gases is fed to the reactor.
摘要翻译： 从含油石头或砂中提取液态烃的方法，其中含油石料或含油砂在450〜520℃的温度和约50℃的压力下进行氢化，低温碳化 通过一氧化碳，氢气和蒸汽的作用，并且其中烃与所得气态低温碳化混合物分离。 将来自反应器的低温碳化混合物在第一分离阶段冷却至约350℃的温度以冷凝较不易挥发的烃。 将分离的液相进料至固体分离器并与二氧化碳和C6 / C7烃馏分的循环气体接触。 含有未冷凝气体和更多挥发性烃的低温碳化混合物在第二分离阶段用水洗涤并冷却至约250℃。将从挥发性烃分离的含氢的气体至少部分地进料至反应器。 通过包含在热的燃烧气体中的二氧化碳的作用，从固体获得一氧化碳。 将该一氧化碳与燃烧气体的二氧化碳一起进料至反应器。
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公开(公告)号：US4505809A
公开(公告)日：1985-03-19
申请号：US546890
申请日：1983-10-31
申请人： Gerd Brunner , Rainer Hoffmann , Konrad Kunstle
发明人： Gerd Brunner , Rainer Hoffmann , Konrad Kunstle
CPC分类号： C10G1/06
摘要： A process for extracting hydrocarbons from oil shale comprising the steps of subjecting oil shale under superatmospheric pressure in the presence of hydrogen and steam, to low temperature hydrogenating distillation; separating the resulting fluid distillation mixture into liquid and gaseous products; and returning water and hydrogen separated from the fluid distillation mixture to the low temperature distillation; in which:heat is drawn-off from the hot oil shale, after treatment in a low temperature hydrogenating distillation reactor, by the shale being sprayed wtih water whereby saturated steam is produced in decreasing pressure stages;the saturated steam of the pressure stages and water extracted during product separation are fed into the individual stages of a multi-stage compressor driven by a gas turbine, and are then delivered via a steam supply line to the reactor;the gas turbine is fuelled by supplying separated-off gaseous distillation products thereto; andthe exhaust gases of the gas turbine are fed to a heat exchanger arranged in the steam supply line.
摘要翻译： 一种从油页岩中提取烃的方法，包括在氢气和蒸汽存在下，在超大气压下对油页岩进行低温氢化蒸馏的步骤; 将所得流体蒸馏混合物分离成液态和气态产物; 并将从流体蒸馏混合物分离出的水和氢返回到低温蒸馏; 其中：在低温氢化蒸馏反应器中处理后，热页岩从热油页岩中排出，页岩被水喷射，从而在减压阶段产生饱和蒸汽; 将压力级的饱和蒸汽和在分离过程中提取的水分供给到由燃气轮机驱动的多级压缩机的各个级中，然后通过蒸汽供应管线输送到反应器; 通过向其分配的气态蒸馏产物供给燃气轮机; 并且燃气轮机的废气被供给到布置在蒸汽供应管线中的热交换器。
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3.发明授权Process and system for low-temperature carbonization of oil shale, oil sands or similar oil-bearing solids 失效油页岩，油砂或类似含油固体的低温碳化工艺和系统
公开(公告)号：US4994174A
公开(公告)日：1991-02-19
申请号：US453820
申请日：1989-12-19
申请人： Konrad Kunstle , Gerd Brunner , Jurgen Hoffmann , Till Dehrmann
发明人： Konrad Kunstle , Gerd Brunner , Jurgen Hoffmann , Till Dehrmann
摘要： A process and system for low-temperature carbonization of oil shale, oil sands and similar oil-bearing solids includes low-temperature carbonization of oil-bearing solids in a high-pressure fluidized bed reactor in the presence of a substance selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and steam at temperatures substantially between 400.degree.and 600.degree. C. for producing low-temperature carbonization gas. The low-temperature carbonization gas is condensed in at least two stages for producing relatively higher boiling and relatively lower boiling oil fractions. The oil-bearing solids are peripherally mashed with the higher boiling oil fraction of the low-temperature carbonization gas, before introducing the oil-bearing solids into the high-pressure fluidized bed reactor. The oil-bearing solids mashed with the higher boiling oil fraction are returned to the high-pressure fluidized bed reactor.
摘要翻译： 油页岩，油砂和类似含油固体的低温碳化过程和系统包括在高压流化床反应器中存在的含油固体的低温碳化，所述物质选自 的氢气和蒸汽，温度基本上在400至600℃之间，用于生产低温碳化气体。 低温碳化气体至少冷凝两个阶段，以产生相对较高沸点和相对较低沸点的馏分。 在将含油固体引入高压流化床反应器之前，将含油固体与低温碳化气体的较高沸点馏分周边混合。 用较高沸点油馏分捣碎的含油固体返回高压流化床反应器。
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4445325A
公开(公告)日：1984-05-01
申请号：US526213
申请日：1983-08-24
申请人： Herbert Tratz , Hermann Finckh , Konrad Kunstle
发明人： Herbert Tratz , Hermann Finckh , Konrad Kunstle
CPC分类号： C02F1/06 , B01D1/2846 , B01D1/289 , F22B3/045 , Y10S203/21
摘要： Installation for generating superheated steam from raw water containing salt using preheaters for heating the raw water. The last preheater, as seen in the flow direction of the raw water, is followed via a control valve by a decompression cylinder. Part of the raw water evaporates and the vapor is withdrawn from the dome of the decomposition cylinder by a compressor which compresses and heats it and discharges it as superheated steam.
摘要翻译： 用于使用预热器从含有盐的原水中产生过热蒸汽的装置用于加热原水。 在原水的流动方向上看到的最后一个预热器通过减压缸经过控制阀。 原水的一部分蒸发，蒸气从分解气瓶的圆顶被压缩机压缩，并将其作为过热蒸汽排出。
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公开(公告)号：US4161428A
公开(公告)日：1979-07-17
申请号：US837388
申请日：1977-09-28
摘要： System for recovering oil products from oil sands in which superheated steam from a nuclear reactor is mixed with water in a chamber under high superatmospheric pressure to obtain hot water at a temperature near the boiling point at the prevailing pressure. The hot water enters a reaction tube which has an input screw conveyor for feeding oil sands into the reaction tube in contact with the hot water to effect release of the oil from the sands. The outlet of the reaction tube opens into a hydrocyclone into which the reaction products of oil and sand and water are discharged. A screw conveyor at the bottom of the hydrocyclone discharges separated sand and some water which passes into a settling tank to settle the sand and the clarified water is filtered and returned to the pressure chamber. The separated oil together with some water from the hydrocyclone flows to an oil separator where the oil separates from the water, which latter is also returned to the pressure chamber. The oil may be separated into fractions in a fractionating column and the column bottoms may be hydrogenated and returned to the fractionating column. Better oil recovery from the oil sand can be achieved and more efficient operation attained.
摘要翻译： 用于将来自核反应堆的过热蒸汽与高浓度超高压室内的水混合的油砂回收油的系统，以在主压下接近沸点的温度得到热水。 热水进入反应管，该反应管具有输入螺旋输送机，用于将油砂送入与热水接触的反应管中，以使油从砂中释放。 反应管的出口开放到水力旋流器中，油和砂和水的反应产物排出。 水力旋流器底部的螺旋输送机将分离的沙子和一些进入沉淀池的水排出，将澄清的水过滤并返回到压力室。 分离出的油与来自水力旋流器的一些水一起流入油分离器，在油分离器中油与水分离，后者也返回压力室。 油可以在分馏塔中分离成馏分，柱底可以被氢化并返回到分馏塔。 可以实现从油砂获得更好的油回收并获得更高效的操作。
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6.发明授权Process for hydrogenized reconditioning of crude oil or residues derived therefrom into saturated light hydrocarbons 失效将原油或由其衍生的残余物氢化再生到饱和轻烃中的方法
公开(公告)号：US4159936A
公开(公告)日：1979-07-03
申请号：US837110
申请日：1977-09-28
申请人： Rainer Dorn , Christian Koch , Kurt Reiter , Konrad Kunstle
发明人： Rainer Dorn , Christian Koch , Kurt Reiter , Konrad Kunstle
CPC分类号： C10G7/00
摘要： Refining of crude petroleum by fractionally distilling the crude into lighter cuts and distillate bottoms constituting more than 50% of the crude. Hydrogenating the distillate bottoms at a temperature above 700.degree. C. in a tubular reactor to produce saturated hydrocarbons, some gas and a solid carbonaceous material. Separating the solid material in a cyclone and returning the hydrogenated oil to the fractionating column. Passing the solid carbonaceous material by an extruder to a second tubular reactor in contact with a mixture at a temperature above 750.degree. C. of steam, 1 and 2 carbon atom gases, and combustion products containing O.sub.2 from a third cyclone. Discharging the reaction products containing unreacted carbonaceous material together with substantially no O.sub.2, production of H.sub.2 and increased amounts of CO and CO.sub.2 into a second cyclone. Separating the gaseous products from the solid, recovering H.sub.2 and passing it to the first reactor tube. Extracting heat from the gaseous reaction products to superheat the steam entering the second tubular reactor and to preheat the distillate bottoms prior to entrance in the first tubular reactor. Passing the remaining solid carbonaceous material by an extruder together with excess O.sub.2 into a third tubular reactor to effect substantially complete combustion. Discharging the unburned solid residue and combustion gases into a third cyclone from which the combustion gases are sent to the second tubular reactor and the residue containing ash is discharged from the system.
摘要翻译： 通过将原油分馏成较轻馏分和蒸馏塔底馏分构成原油的50％以上来提炼原油。 在管状反应器中在高于700℃的温度下将馏出物塔底物氢化以产生饱和烃，一些气体和固体碳质材料。 将旋转分离器中的固体物质分离并将氢化油返回至分馏塔。 通过挤出机将固体碳质材料通过蒸汽，1和2个碳原子气体以及含有来自第三旋风分离器的O 2的燃烧产物在与750℃以上的温度下接触的第二管式反应器中。 将含有未反应的碳质材料的反应产物与基本上不含O 2的产物一起放出，并将CO和CO 2的量增加到第二旋风分离器中。 将气态产物与固体分离，回收H2并将其送至第一反应器管。 从气态反应产物中提取热量以使进入第二管式反应器的蒸汽过热并在进入第一管式反应器之前预热馏出物塔底物。 通过挤出机将剩余的固体碳质材料与过量的O 2一起传送到第三管式反应器中以实现基本上完全的燃烧。 将未燃烧的固体残余物和燃烧气体排放到第三旋风分离器中，将燃烧气体从该第三旋风分离器送入第二管式反应器，并且将含有灰分的残余物从系统排出。
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公开(公告)号：US5806317A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-15
申请号：US714919
申请日：1996-09-17
摘要： Steam is generated by conducting a medium through a line which is exposed to solar irradiation. The line has a starting point where a medium supply line issues into the line. The heated medium is conducted away from the at least one line through a drain line. The medium, prior to feeding in at the starting point, is prepared in a power plant component and the medium is supplied at a pressure which is higher than the prevailing pressure in the at least one line, and at an enthalpy which is greater than an enthalpy of saturated water in the line. The medium is fed in as water or water and steam.
摘要翻译： 通过将介质通过暴露于太阳辐射的管线产生蒸汽。 这条线有一个起点，中间供应线发生在线上。 被加热的介质通过排水管线从至少一条线路导出。 在起始点进料之前，介质在动力装置部件中制备，并且介质以高于至少一条管线中的主要压力的压力供给，并且在大于 饱和水在线中的焓。 介质以水或水和蒸汽进料。
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公开(公告)号：US4280449A
公开(公告)日：1981-07-28
申请号：US64754
申请日：1979-08-08
申请人： Konrad Kunstle , Kurt Reiter , Christian Koch
发明人： Konrad Kunstle , Kurt Reiter , Christian Koch
摘要： Steam generator for a solar power plant, with an evaporator heating surface having a front side exposable to focused sun rays and a rear side adjacent a chamber, and burner means for supplying at least part of the heat required by the steam generator, the burner including a sintered-block slab operating as a reformed-gas generator, a burner plate disposed downstream of the sintered-block slab in flow direction of the gas, the burner plate being disposed immediately adjacent the rear side of the evaporator heating surface, and an air-permeable further heating surface for the steam generator disposed between the sintered-block slab and the burner plate.
摘要翻译： 一种用于太阳能发电厂的蒸汽发生器，其具有可暴露于聚焦太阳光线的前侧的蒸发器加热表面和邻近室的后侧，以及用于供应蒸汽发生器所需的至少一部分热量的燃烧器装置，所述燃烧器包括 作为重整气体发生器工作的烧结块板，在气体的流动方向上设置在烧结块坯的下游的燃烧器板，燃烧器板紧邻蒸发器加热面的后侧设置， 用于设置在烧结块板和燃烧器板之间的蒸汽发生器的另外的加热表面。
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公开(公告)号：US4095959A
公开(公告)日：1978-06-20
申请号：US768498
申请日：1977-02-14
申请人： Konrad Kunstle , Christian Koch , Kurt Reiter
发明人： Konrad Kunstle , Christian Koch , Kurt Reiter
CPC分类号： C10J3/20 , C10J3/74 , C10J2300/0909 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0976 , C10J2300/0986 , C10J2300/1884 , C10J2300/1892
摘要： Coal gasification apparatus having a hydrogenation gasifier chamber for gasifying a portion of coal charge and a steam gasifier vessel for gasifying unconverted coal from the hydrogenation chamber with the chamber disposed above the vessel and a pressure lock interposed between the outlet of the chamber and the inlet of the vessel to permit unconverted coal to flow into the vessel and prevent gas generated therein from passing into the chamber. An oxygen inlet is provided at the lower end of the vessel for residual-oxidation of remaining coal. A heat exchanger is provided for heat exchange between hot gas leaving vessel and incoming steam. The chamber may be preceded by a steam-heated heating tank for preheating the coal under pressure and then suddenly decompressing the coal.
摘要翻译： 具有用于气化一部分煤炭的氢化气化器室和用于使来自氢化室的未转化煤气化的蒸汽气化器容器的煤气化装置，其中设置在容器上方的室和插入在室的出口和入口之间的压力锁 容器允许未转换的煤流入容器并防止其中产生的气体进入室中。 在容器的下端设有氧气入口，用于剩余煤的残余氧化。 提供热交换器用于在热气体离开容器和进入的蒸汽之间进行热交换。 之前可能有一个蒸汽加热的加热槽，用于在压力下预热煤，然后突然减压煤。
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