公开(公告)号：US5414489A

公开(公告)日：1995-05-09

申请号：US263639

申请日：1994-06-22

Applicant: Martin C. Kaplan

Inventor： Martin C. Kaplan

IPC: H04N1/028 ,  G01J1/00

CPC classification number: H04N1/02835 ,  H04N1/02815 ,  H04N1/0284

Abstract: An elongated light source of the type employed in a document scanner for forming a line of uniform intensity, diffuse illumination at a document scanning plane. The light source has a longitudinally extending aperture for generating a line of light aligned with the light entrance end face of a generally planar, light conducting pipe. The light conducting pipe conducts light through its length and emits the light at a light exiting end face in proximity to a document scanning plane. The emitted light is spectrally filtered within the light pipe by the selected colored material thereof for absorbing unwanted wavelengths and/or by shaping the light pipe and/or by use of dichroic filter coatings for reflecting unwanted light wavelengths. The light pipe may be configured with a slanted light exiting end face or in two sections each with a mating slanted end face, having dichroic filter coatings on one or both slanted end faces, fitted together end-to-end to form the light conducting pipe and to selectively effect filtering of the scan line of light. The spectral filtering allows the configuration of the elongated light source as a light integrator with a lamp positioned within the light integrating cavity for maximizing efficiency while achieving color balance.

Abstract translation: 用于文件扫描器的类型的细长光源，用于在原稿扫描平面上形成均匀强度的漫射照明线。 光源具有纵向延伸的孔，用于产生与大致平面的导光管的光入射端面对准的光线。 导光管在其长度上传导光，并在靠近文件扫描平面的光离开端面处发射光。 所发射的光在光管内通过其选择的有色材料进行光谱过滤，用于吸收不需要的波长和/或通过使光管成形和/或通过使用用于反射不需要的光波长的二向色滤光器涂层。 光管可以配置有离开端面的倾斜光或两个部分，每个具有配合的倾斜端面，在一个或两个倾斜端面上具有二向色滤光器涂层，端对端并入端部以形成导光管 并选择性地影响扫描线的滤光。 光谱滤波允许细长光源的配置作为光积分器，其中灯位于光积分腔内，用于在实现色彩平衡的同时最大化效率。

公开(公告)号：US5012333A

公开(公告)日：1991-04-30

申请号：US293838

申请日：1989-01-05

Applicant: Hsien-Che Lee ,  Martin C. Kaplan ,  Robert M. Goodwin

Inventor： Hsien-Che Lee ,  Martin C. Kaplan ,  Robert M. Goodwin

IPC: G06T5/00 ,  H04N1/407 ,  H04N1/58 ,  H04N1/60

CPC classification number: H04N1/58 ,  H04N1/4072 ,  H04N1/60 ,  H04N1/6011

Abstract: An interactive dynamic range adjustment method for printing digital images, and an implementation system, are disclosed. The method is based on experimental findings about visual photoreceptor adaption and human visual contrast sensitivity. The system adjusts the contrast of the low-frequency component only of the image, preserving (or if one wishes, enhancing) the high-frequency image component in its contrast. The adjustment is controlled by a mapping curve which the user manipulates interactively. The simulated optical print image and the dynamic range adjusted image are displayed side by side on a monitor screen so that the user can make proper selection of parameters to achieve the desired effect. For many images, the system automatically computes good parameters and no further adjustment is needed.

公开(公告)号：US4977521A

公开(公告)日：1990-12-11

申请号：US223812

申请日：1988-07-25

Applicant: Martin C. Kaplan

Inventor： Martin C. Kaplan

IPC: G03B27/80 ,  H04N1/407 ,  H04N1/409

CPC classification number: H04N1/4078 ,  H04N1/4097

Abstract: At least one frame of a strip of photographic film is exposed to an image, and, prior to being developed, six (or so) calibration strips in a specially reserved frame on the same film are individually exposed to six predetermined calibration light sources producing six progressively increasing exposure levels spanning the exposure latitude of the film. A film layer develops a positive image in one color and a negative image in another color using positive and negative dyes, respectively. The film is scanned to determine the positive and negative dye amounts, D.sub.p and D.sub.n at each scanner pixel. The likeliest exposure value E as a function of D.sub.n and D.sub.p is determined probabilistically from six histograms obtained by scanning the six calibration patches on the film, all of the E's thus obtained being stored in a look-up table addressed by the corresponding values of D.sub.p and D.sub.n. The images recorded on the film are then scanned pixel-by-pixel, the D.sub.p and D.sub.n of each pixel addressing the look-up table to obtain the likeliest exposure value E for that pixel, which is then furnished to a printer. By thus combining the positive and negative images on the film, film noise is reduced in the resulting image to obtain the likeliest exposure value E at each pixel with the smallest error possible with no prior knowledge of the film characteristics.

Abstract translation: 照相胶片条的至少一个框架暴露于图像，并且在显影之前，在同一胶片上的特别保留的框架中的六个（或更多）校准条分别暴露于六个预定的校准光源，产生六个 逐渐增加跨越电影曝光宽容度的曝光水平。 分别使用正和负染料，膜层以一种颜色和另一种颜色的负像形成正像。 扫描胶片以确定每个扫描仪像素处的正和负染料量Dp和Dn。 通过扫描电影上的六个校准片获得的六个直方图概率地确定了作为Dn和Dp的函数的最可能的曝光值＆upbar＆E，所有这些获得的＆upbar＆E被存储在由相应值寻址的查找表中 的Dp和Dn。 然后，记录在胶片上的图像逐像素扫描，每个像素的Dp和Dn寻址查找表，以获得该像素的最佳曝光值＆upbar＆E，然后将其提供给打印机。 通过这样组合电影上的正面和负面图像，所得到的图像中的胶片噪声降低，以便在没有胶片特性的先前知识的情况下，以最小的误差获得每个像素上最有利的曝光值＆upbar＆E。

公开(公告)号：US5565958A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-15

申请号：US421164

申请日：1995-04-13

Applicant: Martin C. Kaplan

Inventor： Martin C. Kaplan

IPC: G03B27/54 ,  G03B27/72 ,  G03B15/04

CPC classification number: G03B27/542

Abstract: A linear light source includes: a lamp for producing a beam of light; a cylindrical integrating cavity having an entry port for introducing the beam of light into the cylindrical integrating cavity and a linear slot parallel to the cylindrical axis of the integrating cavity for emitting a line of diffuse light that is uniform over an angular range; and an optical element aligned with the slot for reducing the angular divergence of the light exiting from the slot.

Abstract translation: 线性光源包括：用于产生光束的灯; 圆柱形积分腔，其具有用于将光束引入圆柱形积分腔的入口和平行于积分腔的圆柱轴线的直线槽，用于发射在角度范围内均匀的漫射光线; 以及与所述槽对准的光学元件，用于减小从所述槽出射的光的角度发散。

公开(公告)号：US5335158A

公开(公告)日：1994-08-02

申请号：US887197

申请日：1992-05-21

Applicant: Martin C. Kaplan ,  Gary L. Erck ,  Richard J. Federico

Inventor： Martin C. Kaplan ,  Gary L. Erck ,  Richard J. Federico

IPC: H04N1/04 ,  H04N1/028 ,  F21V7/00

CPC classification number: H04N1/02835 ,  H04N1/02815 ,  H04N1/0284 ,  H04N2201/02493

Abstract: A linear light source for a film scanner is disclosed which includes an elongated light integrating cavity, formed within a solid illumination body, having diffusely reflective walls. Light is introduced into the cavity through an input port, and an output beam of diffuse light is produced through a slot which is generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the integrating cavity. In order to increase the efficiency of the light source, light is introduced into the cavity through a high collection non-imaging optical device formed as a hollow bore within the illumination body.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于胶片扫描仪的线性光源，其包括形成在固体照明体内的细长的光积分腔，具有漫反射壁。 光通过输入端口被引入空腔，并且散射光的输出光束通过大致平行于积分腔的纵向轴线的槽产生。 为了提高光源的效率，通过在照明体内形成为中空孔的高收集非成像光学装置将光引入空腔。

公开(公告)号：US5274228A

公开(公告)日：1993-12-28

申请号：US891009

申请日：1992-06-01

Applicant: Martin C. Kaplan

Inventor： Martin C. Kaplan

IPC: H04N1/028 ,  H01J5/16

CPC classification number: H04N1/02835 ,  H04N1/02815 ,  H04N1/02885

Abstract: An improved linear light source or light collector for a film scanner comprising an elongated, cylindrical light integrating cylinder enclosed by first and second end walls and a longitudinal, cylindrical side wall, all having a diffusely-reflecting interior surface, the longitudinal side wall having a longitudinally extending outlet/inlet slit therein and an elongated light pipe, e.g. a glass rod, having a port at one end thereof for emitting light entering its input port (when used as a source) or for collecting light entering the slit (when used as a collector) in a preferred intensity profile varying along its length. The glass rod is mounted inside and parallel to the side wall of the cavity to direct light emitted laterally therefrom toward or to collect light reflected from the diffusely-reflecting interior surfaces. When used as a light source, a lens system directs the light from the light source into the end port of the glass rod. When used as a light collector, the light emitted from the end port is detected by a photodetector. The proferred intensity profile may be effected by a surface treatment of the glass rod comprises a coating of reflective paint applied in a lengthwise varying pattern that allows for tailoring the light reflected out of or into the glass rod along its length. A specular reflective mirror or a spaced-apart diffuse mirror may be positioned at the other end of the glass rod. In a further embodiment, the elongated glass rod is tapered from a first diameter at the outlet/inlet port to a point at the other end thereof in a taper that is tailored to control the intensity profile of light emitted or collected by the glass rod along its length. The end port is also preferably tapered to concentrate light and reduce the overall size of the linear light source/collector.

Abstract translation: 一种用于胶片扫描器的改进的线性光源或光收集器，包括由第一和第二端壁围绕的细长的圆柱形光积分柱和纵向圆柱形侧壁，所述纵向圆柱形侧壁全部具有漫反射内表面，纵向侧壁具有 在其中纵向延伸的出口/入口狭缝和细长的光管，例如 玻璃棒的一端具有一个端口，用于发射进入其输入端口的光（当用作源时）或用于收集沿着其长度变化的优选强度分布进入狭缝的光（当用作集电器时）。 玻璃棒安装在腔体的侧壁内并平行于空腔的侧壁，以将从其侧向发射的光引导到或收集从漫反射内表面反射的光。 当用作光源时，透镜系统将来自光源的光引导到玻璃棒的端口中。 当用作集光器时，从端口发射的光由光电检测器检测。 预测强度分布可以通过玻璃棒的表面处理来实现，其包括以纵向变化的图案施加的反射涂料涂层，其允许沿着其长度定制从玻璃棒反射出或从玻璃棒反射的光。 镜面反射镜或间隔开的漫反射镜可以位于玻璃棒的另一端。 在另一个实施例中，细长玻璃棒从出口/入口处的第一直径到其另一端的点以锥形形式渐缩，该锥度被调整为控制由玻璃棒沿...发射或收集的光的强度分布 它的长度。 端口也优选是锥形的，以集中光并减小线性光源/收集器的总体尺寸。

公开(公告)号：US5256868A

公开(公告)日：1993-10-26

申请号：US880776

申请日：1992-05-11

Applicant: Martin C. Kaplan ,  James R. Milch ,  Clarke K. Eastman

Inventor： Martin C. Kaplan ,  James R. Milch ,  Clarke K. Eastman

IPC: G01T1/29 ,  G02B6/06 ,  H04N1/028 ,  H04N1/193 ,  H01J40/14

CPC classification number: G01T1/2014 ,  G02B6/06 ,  H04N1/0281 ,  H04N1/193

Abstract: Film contact scanners are provided which irradiate a first surface of a film with a light source, and receive an image of the film from a second side of the film at an array of photosensors. In a first embodiment, the array of photosensors is disposed adjacent the film so that each photosensor receives light from a separate point on the film. In a second embodiment, a bundle of optical fibers is disposed between the film and the array of photosensors. A gap is provided between the film and a first end of the bundle of optical fibers. Each photosensor receives the light from one or more of optical fibers for producing a predetermined MTF. In the second embodiment, a portion of the film between the light source and the bundle of optical fibers is formed in a cylindrical shape. A linear direction of the cylindrical shape is oriented to permit the photosensors to scan the film in a first direction. The film is moved past the bundle of optical fibers in the direction of the curve of the film for scanning the film in a second orthogonal direction. The light source includes either a diffuse illuminator or a specular illuminator. Alternatively, the film is sandwiched between a plate of transparent material, disposed adjacent a first side of the film closest to the source of light, and an area fiber optic for maintaining the film in a substantially flat orientation.

Abstract translation: 提供了用光源照射薄膜的第一表面的薄膜接触式扫描仪，并且以光电传感器的阵列从薄膜的第二侧接收薄膜的图像。 在第一实施例中，光电传感器的阵列被布置在膜附近，使得每个光电传感器从胶片上的分开的点接收光。 在第二实施例中，一束光纤设置在膜和光电传感器阵列之间。 在薄膜和光纤束的第一端之间提供间隙。 每个光电传感器从一个或多个光纤接收光以产生预定的MTF。 在第二实施例中，光源和光纤束之间的膜的一部分形成为圆柱形。 圆柱形的线性方向被定向以允许光电传感器沿第一方向扫描膜。 膜沿胶片的曲线方向移动经过光纤束，以在第二正交方向扫描胶片。 光源包括漫射照明器或镜面照明器。 或者，膜被夹在透明材料板之间，邻近最接近光源的膜的第一侧设置，以及用于将膜保持在基本平坦的取向的区域光纤。

公开(公告)号：US06947142B2

公开(公告)日：2005-09-20

申请号：US10606621

申请日：2003-06-26

Applicant: Samuel Chen ,  Krishnan Chari ,  Martin C. Kaplan ,  Douglas L. Vizard ,  Joaquin Calcines

Inventor： Samuel Chen ,  Krishnan Chari ,  Martin C. Kaplan ,  Douglas L. Vizard ,  Joaquin Calcines

IPC: G01N21/25 ,  G01J3/46

CPC classification number: G01N21/251

Abstract: A method of determining one or more color characteristics of a colored microsphere comprising: providing a microarray of microspheres, at least one of which has a color characteristic; capturing the microarray with an electronic color image sensor assembly having a matrix of pixels to produce an electronic microarray image; detecting the location of a microsphere within the captured microarray image; and identifying a color characteristic of the detected microsphere.

Abstract translation: 一种确定着色微球的一种或多种颜色特性的方法，包括：提供微球的微阵列，其中至少一种具有颜色特征; 用具有像素矩阵的电子彩色图像传感器组件捕获微阵列，以产生电子微阵列图像; 检测捕获的微阵列图像内的微球的位置; 并识别检测到的微球的颜色特性。

公开(公告)号：US5563963A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-08

申请号：US781467

申请日：1991-10-23

Applicant: Martin C. Kaplan ,  Heemin Kwon

Inventor： Martin C. Kaplan ,  Heemin Kwon

IPC: B41J2/485 ,  G06F3/153 ,  G06T5/00 ,  G06T5/20 ,  H04N1/409 ,  G06K9/40

CPC classification number: G06T5/002 ,  G06T5/20 ,  G06T2207/20012 ,  G06T2207/20192

Abstract: The present invention reduces noise in digital photographic images based on the assumption that images may be decomposed into two types of regions, smooth regions and edge regions. Smooth regions are areas of the image lacking any sharp detail, such as blue sky. Edge regions are regions containing sharp detail, such as edges and textured regions (such as grass). The present method reduces noise in the smooth regions by a mathematical blurring technique based on least squares regression. The blurring does not degrade the sharpness of the image, because there are no sharp details in the smooth regions. Edge regions are left undisturbed to maintain sharpness, but the noise is less noticeable in those regions than in the smooth regions. The method operates upon the luminance and chrominance component of a digital image.

Abstract translation: 基于图像可以分解为两种类型的区域，平滑区域和边缘区域的假设，本发明减少了数字摄影图像中的噪声。 平滑的区域是图像缺乏明显细节的区域，如蓝天。 边缘区域是包含锐利细节的区域，例如边缘和纹理区域（如草）。 本方法通过基于最小二乘回归的数学模糊技术降低了平滑区域的噪声。 模糊不会降低图像的清晰度，因为光滑区域中没有明显的细节。 边缘区域不受干扰以保持清晰度，但是在这些区域中的噪声比在平滑区域中不太明显。 该方法根据数字图像的亮度和色度分量进行操作。

公开(公告)号：US5548120A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-20

申请号：US339052

申请日：1994-11-14

Applicant: H. Galen Parker ,  Robert B. Bilhorn ,  Martin C. Kaplan ,  Russell J. Palum

Inventor： H. Galen Parker ,  Robert B. Bilhorn ,  Martin C. Kaplan ,  Russell J. Palum

IPC: G01N21/84 ,  G01N21/89 ,  G01N21/892 ,  G03C1/74 ,  F21V7/00 ,  F21V7/04

CPC classification number: G01N21/8916 ,  G01N21/8901 ,  G01N2021/8908

Abstract: A highly uniform infrared illumination source for illuminating a stripe of a moving sensitized web for line scan imaging of imperfections in the coating on the web by a CCD imaging camera. A light integrator having an elongated housing formed with side and end walls defines a linear light integrating cavity having diffusely reflecting interior wall surfaces. An elongated array of infrared LEDs is spaced along the side wall for emitting light into the cavity for integration within the cavity. A longitudinally extending slit is formed in the side wall through which a diffuse, linear light beam exits the elongated slit having a varying longitudinal intensity profile. The intensity of the light emitted by the LEDs is modulated in an intensity pattern that alters the varying longitudinal intensity profile of the linear light beam to provide a desired longitudinal intensity profile of the stripe of diffuse illumination. Preferably, the intensity modulation renders more uniform the longitudinal intensity profile of the linear light beam illuminating the web as viewed by the imaging camera. The desired light intensity profile along the length of the emitted light beam is achieved by clustering the LEDs with LED drive circuits operated at different drive currents as a function of a set point control signal appropriate to the characteristics of the imaging camera and a transmitted light intensity feedback signal to maintain the intensity pattern of the LEDs and the uniform intensity profile as viewed by the imaging camera regardless of the optical density of the web.

Abstract translation: 一种高度均匀的红外照明光源，用于照射移动敏化纤维网的条纹，用于通过CCD成像相机对卷材上的涂层中的缺陷进行线扫描成像。 具有形成有侧壁和端壁的细长壳体的光积分器限定具有漫反射内壁表面的线性光积分腔。 红外LED的细长阵列沿着侧壁间隔开，用于将光发射到空腔中以在腔内积分。 在侧壁中形成纵向延伸的狭缝，通过该侧壁，漫射的线性光束通过该狭缝从具有变化的纵向强度分布的细长狭缝离开。 由LED发射的光的强度以改变线性光束的变化的纵向强度分布的强度图案调制，以提供漫射照明条的期望的纵向强度分布。 优选地，强度调制使由成像照相机观察到的照射纤维网的线性光束的纵向强度分布更均匀。 沿着发射光束的长度的期望的光强度分布通过将LED与以不同驱动电流操作的LED驱动电路聚类来实现，该LED驱动电路作为适合于成像相机的特性的设定点控制信号和透射光强度 反馈信号以维持LED的强度图案和由成像摄像机观察的均匀强度分布，而与幅材的光密度无关。