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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4441165A
公开(公告)日：1984-04-03
申请号：US306251
申请日：1981-09-28
CPC分类号： G06F7/026
摘要： Operating at real-time data rates, the disclosed hardware apparatus determine which one of a set of R input data signals is the Mth-largest. Mutual comparisons between the data values themselves provides the basis for the mechanized determination schemes.After every data signal is pair-wise compared (112-167) with every other data signal, each subset of results (C12-C17, C12-C27, C13-C37, C14-C47, C15-C57, C16-C67), consistng of the outcome of the comparisons between a given data signal and all other data signals, is tested (210-260) to determine whether the results indicate that (M-1) of the other data signals are greater than the given signal. That data signal whose result set satisfies this (M-1) condition is the Mth-largest and is used (270, 280) as the network output (285).For data that is serially-presented (490,400) a network simplification makes set-testing possible after only one data value, that most-recently-presented, is compared (412-417) to all other (R-1) signals of the set. The simplification entails reducing the number of comparators utilized, while employing storage elements (512-567) to preserve for set-testing purposes the appropriate ones of the results of comparisons made prior to the presentation of the most-recent serial data element.When the number R of inputs is odd and M is made equal to (R+1)/2, the networks become real-time median filters.
摘要翻译： 所公开的硬件设备以实时数据速率运行，确定一组R输入数据信号中的哪一个是第M个最大的。 数据值之间的相互比较本身为机械化确定方案提供了依据。 在每个数据信号与每隔一个数据信号进行成对比较（112-167）之后，每个结果子集（C12-C17，C12-C27，C13-C37，C14-C47，C15-C57，C16-C67） 测试（210-260）给定数据信号与所有其他数据信号之间的比较结果的结果，以确定结果是否表明其他数据信号的（M-1）大于给定信号。 其结果集满足该（M-1）条件的数据信号是第M个最大值，并被使用（270,280）作为网络输出（285）。 对于串行显示的数据（490,400），网络简化可以在最近最近提供的一个数据值（412-417）与集合的所有其他（R-1）信号进行比较后，进行设置测试。 。 简化过程需要减少所使用的比较器数量，同时采用存储元件（512-567），以便在设置测试目的之前保留在显示最新串行数据元素之前做出的比较结果中适当的比较结果。 当输入的数字R为奇数，M等于（R + 1）/ 2时，网络变为实时中值滤波器。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4439840A
公开(公告)日：1984-03-27
申请号：US306253
申请日：1981-09-28
CPC分类号： G06F7/026
摘要： Operating at real-time data rates, hardware logic networks (FIGS. 3-6) receive onto a data-channel array (390 in FIG. 3) a set of unordered input data values and iteratively pair-wise transpose the set members until their positional order on the array coincides with the order the members would assume if their magnitudes were arranged according to sequential ordinal rank. Pair-wise comparisons between the data values themselves provide the basis for the mechanized pair-wise transposition schemes.Within each network, a key building block for performing both the pair comparisons and member transpositions is a Number Pair Orderer (NPO) (FIG. 2). Each NPO compares (210) two data elements and passes the smaller to one of its outputs (240), while passing the larger to the other of its outputs (260). Individual NPO's are arranged into two groups (311-315 and 321-325), each of which operates iteratively upon pairs of substantially all of the data values. The data-channel array, mechanized in a recirculatory configuration, carries the data back and forth between the two NPO groups. By making the pairs ordered by one NPO group mutually offset from the pairs ordered by the other group, a pair-to-pair transfer of unordered data elements to array positions beyond adjacent channels is accomplished. The recirculatory pair-wise ordering action is complete when the data has passed through the alternate NPO groups a sufficient number of times to enable a maximally-unordered set to be transposed into proper sequence.The networks become real-time median filters when configured to receive an odd number R of inputs and the ((R+1)/2)nd-largest member of the final ordered set is selected as the overall network output.
摘要翻译： 以实时数据速率运行，硬件逻辑网络（图3-6）接收数据信道阵列（图3中的390）一组无序输入数据值，并迭代地成对转置集成员，直到它们 阵列上的位置顺序与成员假设的顺序一致，如果它们的大小按顺序顺序排列。 数据值之间的成对比较本身为机械化成对的转置方案提供了依据。 在每个网络中，用于执行对比较和成员转换的关键构建块是数字对号码（NPO）（图2）。 每个NPO比较（210）两个数据元素，并将较小的数据元素传递给其一个输出（240），同时将较大的数据元素传递给另一个输出（260）。 单个NPO被分为两组（311-315和321-325），每组基本上都是基于所有数据值的对。 以循环配置机械化的数据通道阵列在两个NPO组之间来回传送数据。 通过使由一个NPO组排序的对与由另一个组排序的对相互偏移，可以实现无序数据元素到相邻信道之外的阵列位置的对 - 对传输。 当数据已经通过备用NPO组足够多次以使最大无序组被转置成正确的顺序时，再循环成对排序动作是完整的。 网络成为实时中值滤波器，配置为接收输入的奇数R，并且选择最终有序集合的（（R + 1）/ 2）最大成员作为整体网络输出。
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公开(公告)号：US4220967A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-02
申请号：US727101
申请日：1976-09-27
CPC分类号： G01S3/7865
摘要： A scene tracker for use with imaging or quasi-imaging sensors such as TV cameras, FLIRS, millimeter-wave scanners, or the like is disclosed. Specifically, the invention is concerned with a form of correlation tracking. At the start of a track mode, part or parts of a scene are stored in a memory. Every subsequent video scan is then compared with the scene or parts of the scene stored in memory to find the "best match" between live data and stored data. This process generates signal output proportional to horizontal and/or vertical translations of the scene. Besides pure translation, the disclosed scene tracker is capable of tracking an original aim point in the presence of scene rotation, scene growth (zooming), scene reduction (dezooming), distortion, and/or partial scene obscuration. Special novel features of the invention include a multi-cell correlation principle; a novel method of computing and storing correlation functions for each cell; a method to derive weighted average displacements for the entities of all cell correlations; and a novel video signal processing technique.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于与诸如电视摄像机，FLIRS，毫米波扫描器等的成像或准成像传感器一起使用的场景跟踪器。 具体地，本发明涉及相关跟踪的形式。 在轨道模式开始时，场景的部分或部分存储在存储器中。 然后将每个后续视频扫描与存储在存储器中的场景或场景的部分进行比较，以找到实况数据和存储数据之间的“最佳匹配”。 该过程产生与场景的水平和/或垂直平移成正比的信号输出。 除了纯粹的翻译之外，所公开的场景跟踪器能够在存在场景旋转，场景增长（缩放），场景减少（dezooming），失真和/或部分场景遮蔽的情况下跟踪原始目标点。 本发明的特殊新颖特征包括多小区相关原理; 一种计算和存储每个单元的相关函数的新方法; 导出所有细胞相关实体的加权平均位移的方法; 和一种新颖的视频信号处理技术。
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公开(公告)号：US4560974A
公开(公告)日：1985-12-24
申请号：US575107
申请日：1984-01-30
CPC分类号： G06F17/18 , H03H17/0263
摘要： Operating at real-time data rates, the disclosed hardware network generates a signal which closely approximates the Mth-largest of a set of R input data signals. The operational basis of this network is a comparison (121-127) between the input data (101-107) and a monotonically-scanning reference function (110). At that point (140, 150, 160) when the lower (R-M+1) of the inputs have been equaled by an increasing reference, the reference has become the same as the Mth-largest and is used (119b, 165, 170, 175) as the filter output. Analogous operation is achieved with a decreasing reference.When the number R of inputs is odd and M is made equal to ((R+1)/2), the network becomes a real-time median filter.
摘要翻译： 以实时数据速率运行，所公开的硬件网络产生的密码近似于一组R输入数据信号的第M个最大的信号。 该网络的操作基础是输入数据（101-107）和单调扫描参考功能（110）之间的比较（121-127）。 在这一点（140,150,160），当输入的较低（R-M + 1）已经被增加的参考值相等时，该参考已经变得与第M个最大相同并被使用（119b， 170,175）作为滤波器输出。 类似的操作通过减少的参考来实现。 当输入的数字R为奇数，M等于（（R + 1）/ 2）时，网络变为实时中值滤波器。
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公开(公告)号：US4456968A
公开(公告)日：1984-06-26
申请号：US306279
申请日：1981-09-28
申请人： F. Anthony Carter , Jacob M. Sacks
发明人： F. Anthony Carter , Jacob M. Sacks
CPC分类号： G06F17/18 , H03H17/0263
摘要： A hardware logic network, operating at real-time data rates, generates a signal which matches the Mth-largest signal of an input data set. To accomplish this signal-matching, the network utilizes an iterative series of value adjustments which cause an intermediate working quantity to converge to a number whose rank in comparison to the input set is the same as that of the true Mth-largest. When test comparisons indicate that the intermediate value's relative rank is too low, the value-adjustment is upward. The adjustment is downward otherwise. Operating upon input data whose range of possible values is limited to a predetermined interval, the system takes as its initial working quantity the midpoint of this interval. The magnitude of the first adjustment is one-half of the remaining interval on either side of the initial approximation. Subsequent magnitude adjustments are in turn one-half of the preceeding half-remaining-interval magnitude.When the number R of inputs is odd and M is set equal to (R+1)/2, the network becomes a real-time median filter.
摘要翻译： 以实时数据速率工作的硬件逻辑网络产生与输入数据组的第M个最大信号相匹配的信号。 为了实现这种信号匹配，网络利用了一系列价值调整，使中间工作量收敛到一个数字，其数量与输入集相比，与真正的最大最大值相同。 当测试比较表明中间值的相对等级太低时，值调整是向上的。 否则调整。 在可能值的范围被限制到预定间隔的输入数据上操作时，系统将其作为其初始工作量作为该间隔的中点。 第一次调整的幅度是初始近似任一侧的剩余间隔的一半。 随后的幅度调整又是之前的半剩余间隔幅度的一半。 当输入的数字R为奇数，M设置为等于（R + 1）/ 2时，网络成为实时中值滤波器。
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公开(公告)号：US3988534A
公开(公告)日：1976-10-26
申请号：US848401
申请日：1969-07-28
申请人： Jacob M. Sacks
发明人： Jacob M. Sacks
CPC分类号： G01S3/7864
摘要： A television camera is trained on a target to produce a video image thereof. The video signals are converted to unipolar form such that black to white and white to black contrast produces the same polarity video signals and these signals appropriately filtered so that only the desired target signals remain. A tracking gate is generated which automatically accommodates to the size of the selected target and forms an optical window which surrounds the target on a viewing screen. In an acquisition mode of operation, the operator brings the target so that it lies within the window at which time he initiates a "track" mode of operation whereupon error signals are generated as the target moves out of the window, these error signals being utilized in a servo system to slew the camera such as to maintain "lock-on".
摘要翻译： 在目标上训练电视摄像机以产生其视频图像。 视频信号被转换为单极形式，使得黑到白和白对比的对比度产生相同的极性视频信号，并且这些信号被适当地滤波，使得仅保留期望的目标信号。 产生跟踪门，其自动适应所选择的目标的大小，并且在观看屏幕上形成围绕目标的光学窗口。 在采集操作模式中，操作人员将目标放在窗口内，此时他启动“跟踪”操作模式，由此当目标移出窗口时产生错误信号，这些误差信号被利用 在伺服系统中旋转相机，以保持“锁定”。
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