公开(公告)号：US4771401A

公开(公告)日：1988-09-13

申请号：US846366

申请日：1986-03-31

Applicant: Ilia Kaufman ,  Henry Kucera

Inventor： Ilia Kaufman ,  Henry Kucera

IPC: G06F17/27 ,  G06F17/30 ,  G06F15/20

CPC classification number: G06F17/30666 ,  G06F17/273

Abstract: An apparatus and method for linguistic expression processing provides features for spelling verification, correction, and dictionary database storage. The system utilizes a linguistically salient word skeleton-forming process to correct both typrographic and cognitive spelling errors. The system also uses a suspect expression modification sequence to recognize and correct typographical spelling errors. A linguistic expression database includes a master lexicon having expression blocks arranged in accord with respective collation ranges of skeletons of expressions contained therein. In one preferred embodiment, these linguistically salient word skeletons corresponding to the master lexicon expressions are not retained in the database.

Abstract translation: 用于语言表达处理的装置和方法提供拼写验证，校正和字典数据库存储的特征。 该系统利用语言学突出的词形成过程来纠正印刷和认知拼写错误。 系统还使用可疑表达式修改序列来识别和纠正排印拼写错误。 语言表达数据库包括具有根据其中包含的表达式的骨架的相应范围排列的表达块的主词典。 在一个优选实施例中，对应于主词典表达的这些语言学显着的词骨架不保留在数据库中。

公开(公告)号：US4868750A

公开(公告)日：1989-09-19

申请号：US106127

申请日：1987-10-07

Applicant: Henry Kucera ,  Alwin B. Carus ,  Jeffrey G. Hopkins

Inventor： Henry Kucera ,  Alwin B. Carus ,  Jeffrey G. Hopkins

IPC: G06F17/27 ,  G06F17/28

CPC classification number: G06F17/274 ,  G06F17/2775

Abstract: A system for the grammatical annotation of natural language receives natural language text and annotates each word with a set of tags indicative of its possible grammatical or syntactic uses. An empirical probability of collocation function defined on pairs of tags is iteratively extended to a selected set of tag sequences of increasing length so as to select a most probable tag for each word of a sequence of ambiguously-tagged words. For listed pairs of commonly confused words a substitute calculation reveals erroneous use of the wrong word. For words with tags having abnormally low frequency of occurrence, a stored table of reduced probability factors corrects the calculation. Once the text words have been annotated with their most probable tags, the tagged text is parsed by a parser which successively applies phrasal, predicate and clausal analysis to build higher structures from the disambiguated tag strings. A voice/text translator including such a tag annotator resolves sound or spelling ambiguity of words by their differing tags. A database retrieval system, such as a spelling checker, includes a tag annotator to identify desired data by syntactic features.

Abstract translation: 自然语言语法注释的系统接收自然语言文本，并用指示其可能的语法或句法用途的一组标签来注释每个单词。 将标签对定义的并置函数的经验概率迭代地扩展到增加长度的所选择的一组标签序列，以便为具有歧义标记的词的序列的每个单词选择最可能的标签。 对于列出的常见混淆词的对，替代计算揭示错误使用错误的词。 对于具有异常低发生频率的标签的字，存储的概率较低因子的表校正了计算。 一旦用最可能的标签注释了文本单词，标签的文本就被一个解析器解析，该解析器依次应用短语，谓词和分类分析，从消歧标签字符串构建更高的结构。 包括这样的标签注释器的语音/文本翻译器通过其不同的标签来解析单词的声音或拼写歧义。 诸如拼写检查器的数据库检索系统包括标签注释器，以通过句法特征来识别期望的数据。

公开(公告)号：US4724523A

公开(公告)日：1988-02-09

申请号：US750911

申请日：1985-07-01

Applicant: Henry Kucera

Inventor： Henry Kucera

IPC: G06F17/27 ,  G06F17/30 ,  G06F15/38

CPC classification number: G06F17/30737 ,  G06F17/274

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for storing, retrieving, and processing linguistic information. In one aspect, the invention provides a system for storing linguistic expressions, which system includes a main dictionary storage section and three coding sections, one for each of regular paradigm information, partially irregular paradigm information, and fully irregular paradigm information. In another aspect, the invention provides a system for evaluating linguistic expressions, e.g., words, and determining their grammatical and inflectional information. The invention has applicability in the field of word processing.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于存储，检索和处理语言信息的系统。 一方面，本发明提供了一种用于存储语言表达的系统，该系统包括主字典存储部分和三个编码部分，每个代码范例信息，部分不规则的范例信息和完全不规则的范式信息。 在另一方面，本发明提供了一种用于评估语言表达（例如单词）并确定其语法和变形信息的系统。 本发明在文字处理领域具有适用性。

公开(公告)号：US4783758A

公开(公告)日：1988-11-08

申请号：US699202

申请日：1985-02-05

Applicant: Henry Kucera

Inventor： Henry Kucera

IPC: G06F17/27 ,  G06F15/21 ,  G06F7/28

CPC classification number: G06F17/273

Abstract: A spelling correction system compares a correctly spelled word with an incorrectly spelled word to determine the degree of substitutability. If the system determines that the words are highly similar, the system flags the correct word as exclusively substitutable for the incorrect word. If the system determines the words are of moderate similarity, the correct word is flagged as a possible substitute for the incorrect word.

Abstract translation: 拼写校正系统将正确拼写的词与拼写错误的词进行比较，以确定可替代性的程度。 如果系统确定这些单词非常相似，则系统会将正确的单词标记为可替代不正确的单词。 如果系统确定单词具有中等相似度，则将正确的单词标记为可能的替代不正确的单词。

公开(公告)号：US4773009A

公开(公告)日：1988-09-20

申请号：US872094

申请日：1986-06-06

Applicant: Henry Kucera ,  Rachael Sokolowski ,  Jacqueline Russom

Inventor： Henry Kucera ,  Rachael Sokolowski ,  Jacqueline Russom

IPC: G06F17/27 ,  G06F15/40

CPC classification number: G06F17/274

Abstract: An electronic text analyzer operates on an ordered block of digitally coded text by analyzing sequential strings thereof to determine paragraph and sentence boundaries. Each string is broken down into component words. Possible abbreviations are identified and checked against a table of common abbreviations to identify abbreviations which cannot end a sentence. End punctuation and the following string are analyzed to identify the terminal word of a sentence. When sentence boundaries have been determined, the test may be further processed by a grammar checker, a readability analyzer, or other higher-level text processing system.A preferred embodiment includes a readability analyzer having a syllable counter for determining the number of syllables in each word. The system includes a modified common-word table having an empirical syllable-count field. A checker first determines if a word is in the table and, if so, returns its syllable count. An exception table identifies words not conforming to a syllable counting algorithm. Each word not in the common-word or exception tables is modified, and the modified word is processed to derive its syllable count. In a preferred embodiment, tallies are kept of words per sentence, syllable count, sentences per paragraph, and similar data, and readability scores based on the tallies are displayed.

Abstract translation: 电子文本分析仪通过分析其顺序字符串来确定段落和句子边界，对有序的数字编码文本进行操作。 每个字符串被分解成组成单词。 根据常用缩写表识别和检查可能的缩写，以标识不能结束句子的缩写。 分析结束标点符号和以下字符串以识别句子的终端词。 当句子边界已被确定时，测试可以由语法检查器，可读性分析器或其他更高级的文本处理系统进一步处理。 优选实施例包括具有用于确定每个单词中的音节数量的音节计数器的可读性分析器。 该系统包括具有经验音节计数字段的经修改的共同词表。 检查者首先确定一个单词是否在表中，如果是，则返回其音节数。 异常表识别不符合音节计数算法的单词。 修改通用字或异常表中不包含的每个单词，并处理修改后的单词以导出其音节数。 在优选实施例中，保持每句话的单词，音节计数，每段句子和类似数据，并且显示基于该计数的可读性分数。

公开(公告)号：US4864501A

公开(公告)日：1989-09-05

申请号：US106224

申请日：1987-10-07

Applicant: Henry Kucera ,  Alwin B. Carus

Inventor： Henry Kucera ,  Alwin B. Carus

IPC: G06F17/27

CPC classification number: G06F17/274

Abstract: A system for annotating digitally encoded text includes a dictionary of base forms. For each base form, a first set of tags represents possible grammatical and syntactic properties of the word, and may encode inflectional paradigms of the base form, or feature agreement behavior and special processing. If a text word is not found in the dictionary, an inflectional analyzer looks up one or more base forms derived from the word, and if found, and annotates them with their dictionary tags. A morphological analyzer assigns tags to words not retrieved in the dictionary. The morphological analyzer recognizes words formed by prefixation and suffixation, as well as proper nouns, ordinals, idiomatic expressions, and certain classes of character strings. The tagged words of a sentence are then processed to parse the sentence.

Abstract translation: 用于注释数字编码文本的系统包括基本形式的字典。 对于每个基本形式，第一组标签表示单词的可能的语法和句法属性，并且可以编码基本形式或特征协议行为和特殊处理的变形范例。 如果字典中没有找到文本字，则变形分析器将查找从单词导出的一个或多个基本表单，如果找到，并用其字典标记注释它们。 形态分析器将标签分配给字典中未检索的单词。 形态分析器识别由前缀和后缀形成的单词，以及专有名词，序数，惯用表达式和某些类型的字符串。 然后处理句子的标记词语以解析该句子。

公开(公告)号：US4674066A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-16

申请号：US835659

申请日：1986-03-03

Applicant: Henry Kucera

Inventor： Henry Kucera

IPC: G06F17/27 ,  G06F17/30 ,  G06F5/00 ,  G06F11/00 ,  G06F15/00

CPC classification number: G06F17/3061 ,  G06F17/273 ,  Y10S707/99935

Abstract: An electronic database search system can identify database records having textual expressions that match, or are similar to, an operator-designated search expression. The system features a mechanism for transforming linguistic expressions, e.g., words, into linguistically salient word skeletons. Skeletal modification and suffix stripping features are employed to enhance expression-matching qualities of the word skeletons and to reduce data storage requirements.

Abstract translation: 电子数据库搜索系统可以识别具有与操作者指定的搜索表达式匹配或类似的文本表达的数据库记录。 该系统具有将语言表达（例如单词）转换成语言上显着的词骨骼的机制。 骨骼修饰和后缀剥离功能被用于增强词骨骼的表达匹配质量，并减少数据存储要求。

公开(公告)号：US4864502A

公开(公告)日：1989-09-05

申请号：US106535

申请日：1987-10-07

Applicant: Henry Kucera ,  Alwin B. Carus

Inventor： Henry Kucera ,  Alwin B. Carus

IPC: G06F17/27

CPC classification number: G06F17/274

Abstract: An apparatus for the grammatical anlysis of digitally encoded text material receives encoded text, annotates each word of the text with a tag, and processes the annotated text to identify basic syntactic units such as noun phrases and verb groups. A clausal analyzer then operates on the identified nominal and predicate structures to identify clause boundaries and clause types. During processing, feature agreement between parts of successively larger entities--noun phrases, predicates, and clauses--are successively derived. When an error is detected, an error maessage identifies the error and displays a suggested correction.

Abstract translation: 用于数字编码的文本材料的语法分析的装置接收编码的文本，用标签注释文本的每个单词，并处理注释的文本以识别诸如名词短语和动词组之类的基本句法单位。 然后，克隆分析器对所识别的标称和谓词结构进行操作，以识别子句边界和子句类型。 在处理过程中，相继产生了连续较大实体的部分之间的特征协议 - 名词短语，谓词和子句。 当检测到错误时，错误消息会识别错误并显示建议的更正。

公开(公告)号：US4730269A

公开(公告)日：1988-03-08

申请号：US846555

申请日：1986-03-31

Applicant: Henry Kucera

Inventor： Henry Kucera

IPC: G06F17/27 ,  G06F5/00 ,  G06F11/00 ,  G06F15/00

CPC classification number: G06F17/273

Abstract: Automated spelling correction converts, by prescribed linguistic procedures, each word to be corrected to a skeleton, and compares that skeleton with a data base of skeletons derived by identical linguistic procedures from a dictionary of correctly spelled words. In the event of a match between the two skeletal terms, the correctly spelled word (or words) associated with the matched skeleton is presented for replacement of the misspelled word. In the event the comparison does not yield a correct match, the skeletal form of the misspelled word is repeatedly modified and each modified form is compared with the data base of skeletons.

Abstract translation: 自动拼写校正通过规定的语言程序将要纠正的每个单词转换为骨架，并将该框架与由正确拼写的单词的字典相同的语言程序派生的骨架的数据库进行比较。 在两个骨骼词匹配的情况下，提供与匹配的骨架相关联的正确拼写的单词（或单词）用于替换拼写错误的单词。 在比较不能产生正确匹配的情况下，重复修改拼写错误的单词的骨架形式，并将每个修改的表单与骨架的数据库进行比较。

公开(公告)号：US4580241A

公开(公告)日：1986-04-01

申请号：US467834

申请日：1983-02-18

Applicant: Henry Kucera

Inventor： Henry Kucera

IPC: G06F17/27 ,  G06F17/30 ,  G06F5/00 ,  G06F11/00 ,  G06F15/20

CPC classification number: G06F17/30666 ,  G06F17/273

Abstract: Automated spelling correction converts, by prescribed linguistic procedures, each word to be corrected to a skeleton, and compares that skeleton with a data base of skeletons derived by identical linguistic procedures from a dictionary of correctly spelled words. In the event of a match between the two skeletal terms, the correctly spelled word (or words) associated with the matched skeleton is presented for replacement of the misspelled word. In the event the comparison does not yield a correct match, the skeletal form of the misspelled word is repeatedly modified and each modified form is compared with the data base of skeletons.

Abstract translation: 自动拼写校正通过规定的语言程序将要纠正的每个单词转换为骨架，并将该框架与由正确拼写的单词的字典相同的语言程序派生的骨架的数据库进行比较。 在两个骨骼词匹配的情况下，提供与匹配的骨架相关联的正确拼写的单词（或单词）用于替换拼写错误的单词。 在比较不能产生正确匹配的情况下，重复修改拼写错误的单词的骨架形式，并将每个修改的表单与骨架的数据库进行比较。