摘要:
Sulfonated polyxylylene oxide membranes are very effective for the separation of helium, hydrogen and oxygen from gas mixtures. The discovery that the permeability of the aforementioned gases varies with the counter ion form of the sulfonated polyxylylene oxide membrane used is also disclosed.
摘要:
A CONFINED LIQUID MEMBRANE HAVING AN ELECTRODE IN CONTACT WITH EACH SURFACE THEREOF IS PROVIDED WITH A CONCENTRATION OF A NON-VOLATILE TRANSPORTING SPECIE IN SOLUTION THEREIN, WHICH TRANSPORTING SPECIE CAN BE OXIDIZED OR REDUCED FROM A FIRST TO A SECOND VALENCE STATE. THE TRANSPORTING SPECIE MUST BE REACTIVE WITH A SPECIFIC GAS IN AT LEAST ONE OF THE MULTIPLE VALENCE STATES. IF THE TRANSPORTING SPECIE IS REACTIVE WITH THE GAS IN BOTH VALENCE STATES, SUCH REACTIONS MUST HAVE DIFFERENT EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS. BY BRINGING THE SPECIFIC GAS INTO CONTACT WITH ONE SURFACE OF SUCH A LIQUID MEMBRANE AND APPLYING AN ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL ACROSS THE ELECTRODES ON EACH SIDE THEREOF, THE SPECIFIC GAS MAY BE PUMPED THROUGH THE MEMBRANE AGAINST A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT. SIMILARLY, WHILE A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT IN THE SPECIFIC GAS EXISTS ACROSS THE STRUCTURE DESCRIBED, AN ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE DEVELOPS ACROSS THE FILM AND THE ELECTRODES.
WHERE NB=MA. SALTS PROVIDING ANY OF CO3=, HCO3-AND PO4= ARE EMPLOYED BY WAY OF EXAMPLE. IN AN IMMOBILIZED LIQUID MEMBRANE THE TRANSPORT OF AN ACID GAS, E.G. HYDROGEN SULFIDE, WHICH IS CAPABLE OF DISSOLVING IN WATER AND DISSOCIATING, IS FACILITATED BY THE ADDITION OF WATER-SOLUBLE SALT
MN+BBM-A AND/OR MN+BHBM(1-A)!
TO THE AQUEOUS SYSTEM, THE ANION OF WHICH REACTS REVERSIBLY WITH H+ AS FOLLOWS:
摘要:
A microporous/non-porous membrane laminate construction is described for incorporation in membrane package construction. One or both sides of the non-porous membrane is covered with a microporous membrane to form a membrane assembly. An exemplary membrane package construction employing the membrane assembly is described.