Abstract:
An internal combustion engine has a cylinder, a cylinder head mounted to the cylinder, a piston disposed in the cylinder, and a fuel injection valve. A combustion chamber is defined by the piston, the cylinder head and the cylinder. The fuel injection valve has a plurality of injection holes that injects fuel directly inside the cylinder from a side of the combustion chamber. The injection holes inject fuel in a spray shape with an overall shape, which is formed by a plurality of sprays being injected from the injection holes. The overall shape expands toward the cylinder head and forms one part of a conical shape that is dented near the piston. Central axes of some of the injection holes are oriented toward a boundary portion near the exhaust valve formed at a crown surface of the piston and an inner wall of the cylinder when fuel is injected.
Abstract:
When a non-running range is changed into a running range at timing t2 during the execution of creeping-cut (t1˜t4), a flag FLAG is set at 1 and a timer T is reset. Then, the timer T is incremented to measure a time elapsed from timing t2. If the running range is a forward range, an electric motor outputs a play-reducing torque in a forwardly rotational direction as shown by a solid line for a time period between timing t2 and timing t3 for which the timer T is smaller than a set time T1, because the flag FLAG indicates 1. If the running range is a reverse range, the electric motor outputs the play-reducing torque in a reversely rotational direction as shown by a dotted line, because the flag FLAG indicates 1.
Abstract:
An internal combustion engine has a cylinder, a cylinder head mounted to the cylinder, a piston disposed in the cylinder, and a fuel injection valve. A combustion chamber is defined by the piston, the cylinder head and the cylinder. The fuel injection valve has a plurality of injection holes that injects fuel directly inside the cylinder from a side of the combustion chamber. The injection holes inject fuel in a spray shape with an overall shape, which is formed by a plurality of sprays being injected from the injection holes. The overall shape expands toward the cylinder head and forms one part of a conical shape that is dented near the piston. Central axes of some of the injection holes are oriented toward a boundary portion near the exhaust valve formed at a crown surface of the piston and an inner wall of the cylinder when fuel is injected.
Abstract:
In an electrically driven vehicle propelled by an electric machine (motor)equipped with a collaborative braking system of regenerative and frictional braking capacities, in order to achieve the “rollback prevention” at starting on an sloping road, when the regenerative braking is not available due to charging restriction to battery, frictional braking is used instead of regenerative braking and wheels are (automatically, i.e. not manually by driver) braked with friction to prevent the rollback. Moreover, in addition to braking wheels by frictional braking, further control is performed to adjust and match the magnitude of frictional braking force to a braking force in accordance with the starting operation. Thus, at the time of rollback prevention by the frictional braking as well, the similar prevention of rollback will be possible as the prevention by way of regenerative braking such that the effect of rollback prevention may be achieved without a feel of discomfort.
Abstract:
An object of the present invention is to provide a phosphor capable of improving the light emitting efficiency of a plasma display panel and restraining the deterioration of luminance and a change in chromaticity with the passage of time, and also provide a manufacturing method of this phosphor and the plasma display panel using this phosphor. To achieve this object, the surfaces of phosphor particles for a plasma display panel are covered with a metallic oxide generated by the hydrolysis of a metallic alkoxide. A manufacturing method of the phosphor particles for the plasma display panel is characterized in that the metallic alkoxide is attached to the phosphor particle surfaces and is burned. In this manufacturing method, the phosphor particle surfaces are covered with a close film of the metallic oxide. The plasma display panel uses the phosphor particles having surfaces covered with the metallic oxide.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a phosphor capable of improving color purity and the light emitting efficiency of a plasma display panel (PDP), and provides the plasma display panel (PDP) using this phosphor. The phosphor of the present invention is characterized in that this phosphor is represented by a general formula (Y.sub.1-a-b Gd.sub.a Eu.sub.b).sub.2 O.sub.3 wherein a and b satisfy 0
Abstract:
In an electrically driven vehicle propelled by an electric machine (motor)equipped with a collaborative braking system of regenerative and frictional braking capacities, in order to achieve the “rollback prevention” at starting on an sloping road, when the regenerative braking is not available due to charging restriction to battery, frictional braking is used instead of regenerative braking and wheels are (automatically, i.e. not manually by driver) braked with friction to prevent the rollback. Moreover, in addition to braking wheels by frictional braking, further control is performed to adjust and match the magnitude of frictional braking force to a braking force in accordance with the starting operation. Thus, at the time of rollback prevention by the frictional braking as well, the similar prevention of rollback will be possible as the prevention by way of regenerative braking such that the effect of rollback prevention may be achieved without a feel of discomfort.