公开(公告)号：US4861986A

公开(公告)日：1989-08-29

申请号：US164670

申请日：1988-03-07

Applicant: Dan M. Arnold

Inventor： Dan M. Arnold

IPC: E21B47/10 ,  F16L55/48 ,  G01F1/704 ,  G01F1/708 ,  G01P5/00 ,  G01P5/20 ,  G01P13/04

CPC classification number: G01P5/20 ,  E21B47/1015 ,  F16L55/48 ,  G01F1/7042 ,  G01F1/708 ,  G01P13/045 ,  G01P5/006

Abstract: A tracer injection method is set forth and is practiced by using spaced end located injectors on a sonde having spaced detectors along the length of the sonde. The injectors inject radioactive isotopes which are distinguishable from one another at the detectors. The method contemplates simultaneous injection of different isotopes, making measurements to determine fluid flow velocity in the casing, and selecting peaks to obtain measurements of the fluid flow velocity in leaks through the casing into external channels along the casing.

Abstract translation: 示出了一种示踪剂注入方法，并且通过在探头上具有间隔开的探测器的探头上使用间隔开的位置喷射器来实现。 注射器注射在检测器处可以彼此区分的放射性同位素。 该方法考虑同时注入不同的同位素，进行测量以确定套管中的流体流速，并选择峰值以获得通过套管的泄漏中的流体流速的测量值沿壳体的外部通道。

公开(公告)号：US4459479A

公开(公告)日：1984-07-10

申请号：US395517

申请日：1982-07-06

Applicant: Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Carl A. Robbins

Inventor： Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Carl A. Robbins

IPC: G01T1/40 ,  G01V5/06 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01T1/40 ,  G01V5/06

Abstract: A method of well logging utilizing naturally occurring gamma radiation is disclosed. In the preferred and illustrated embodiment, the thickness of the casing in a well borehole is measured. The photoelectric absorption of gamma rays from the formation by the iron in the casing varies as a function of the energy of the gamma radiation. The detected gamma spectrum below about 350 KeV from the surrounding earth formation is preferably divided into two energy ranges or windows, and a ratio between the two to indicate the thickness of any intervening steel casing material. With suitable scale factors in calibration of the system, casing thickness can be determined from the ratio of the summed naturally occurring gamma count rate in the range of about 35 to about 120 KeV divided by the count rate in a higher energy range from about 180-325 KeV.

Abstract translation: 公开了利用天然存在的γ射线进行测井的方法。 在优选和示出的实施例中，测量井眼中的壳体的厚度。 由外壳中的铁形成的γ射线的光电吸收作为γ辐射的能量的函数而变化。 从周围的地层形成的低于约350KeV的检测的伽马光谱优选分为两个能量范围或窗口，两者之间的比率表示任何中间钢外壳材料的厚度。 在系统校准中具有合适的比例因子时，可以根据在约35至约120KeV的范围内求和的天然存在的伽马计数率除以在较大能量范围内的计数率与约180- 325 KeV。

公开(公告)号：US4439676A

公开(公告)日：1984-03-27

申请号：US270937

申请日：1981-06-05

Applicant: Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold

Inventor： Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold

IPC: G01V5/06 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/06

Abstract: A natural gamma ray logging system utilizes gamma ray spectroscopy to measure thorium, uranium and potassium content of earth formations adjacent a well borehole. An additional measurement is also taken from which compensation for borehole effects on the measurements of interest is achieved.

Abstract translation: 天然伽马射线测井系统采用伽马射线光谱法测量井眼附近地层的钍，铀和钾含量。 还采用了额外的测量方法，从而对钻孔效应对感兴趣的测量值进行了补偿。

公开(公告)号：US4436996A

公开(公告)日：1984-03-13

申请号：US265736

申请日：1981-05-21

Applicant: Dan M. Arnold ,  Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Ward E. Schultz

Inventor： Dan M. Arnold ,  Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Ward E. Schultz

IPC: G01V5/06 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/06

Abstract: A method of logging earth formations to ascertain relative elemental abundancies of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (T) is disclosed. A natural gamma ray spectrum of an unknown borehole is compared with individual standard gamma ray spectra of potassium, uranium and thorium in at least four energy ranges or bands. Decay peaks of the three elements are encompassed by three of the energy bands and at least one other energy band is used to monitor the changes in shape of the unknown spectrum caused by borehole conditions differing from that of the standard or calibration boreholes. A function derived from the gamma ray count rates in the four bands is used to compensate the elemental abundancies of the three elements to be detected in the unknown spectrum for the effects of differing borehole conditions in the unknown borehole from the standard borehole conditions.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种记录地层以确定钾（K），铀（U）和钍（T）的相对丰度的方法。 将未知钻孔的天然伽马射线谱与至少四个能量范围或频带中的钾，铀和钍的单个标准伽马射线光谱进行比较。 三个元素的衰减峰由三个能带包围，并且至少一个其他能带用于监测由不同于标准或校准钻孔的井眼条件引起的未知光谱的形状变化。 来自四个波段的伽马射线计数率的函数用于补偿未知光谱中待检测的三个元素的元素丰度，以了解来自标准钻孔条件的未知钻孔中不同钻孔条件的影响。

公开(公告)号：US4365154A

公开(公告)日：1982-12-21

申请号：US127700

申请日：1980-03-06

Applicant: Dan M. Arnold ,  Hans J. Paap

Inventor： Dan M. Arnold ,  Hans J. Paap

IPC: G01N23/221 ,  G01N23/12 ,  G01N23/222 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01T1/169

CPC classification number: G01N23/12 ,  G01N23/222 ,  G01N2223/0745 ,  G01N2223/635

Abstract: Fluid containing free gas and in a pipeline or container at a refinery or at any of various petroleum producing operations is bombarded with neutrons and high energy gamma rays resulting from capture of thermal neutrons are detected. The spectra of the detected gamma rays are then analyzed to determine the concentration of the elements chlorine and hydrogen. The counting rate for thermal neutron gamma rays for hydrogen permits a measure of the hydrogen index (HI) of the fluid to be obtained. The hydrogen index and the relative concentrations of chlorine and hydrogen are used to obtain an indication of the presence and concentration of chlorine or salt water in the fluid.

Abstract translation: 含有游离气体的液体在炼油厂或各种石油生产操作中的管道或容器中被中子轰击，并且检测到由捕获热中子产生的高能γ射线。 然后分析检测到的γ射线的光谱，以确定元素氯和氢的浓度。 用于氢的热中子γ射线的计数率允许测量要获得的流体的氢指数（HI）。 使用氢指数和氯和氢的相对浓度来获得流体中氯或盐水的存在和浓度的指示。

公开(公告)号：US4297575A

公开(公告)日：1981-10-27

申请号：US66125

申请日：1979-08-13

Applicant: Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Kenneth J. Smith

Inventor： Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Kenneth J. Smith

IPC: G01V5/12 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: E21B47/082 ,  G01V5/125

Abstract: A method for simultaneously measuring the formation bulk density and the thickness of casing in a cased well borehole is disclosed. Low energy gamma rays are emitted into the casing and formation in a cased borehole. Two longitudinally spaced detectors detect gamma rays scattered back into the borehole by the casing and surrounding earth materials. The count rate signals from the two detectors are appropriately combined according to predetermined relationships to produce the formation bulk density and the casing thickness, which are recorded as a function of borehole depth.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于同时测量套管井眼中的地层堆积密度和套管厚度的方法。 低能γ射线被排放到套管中并在套管钻孔中形成。 两个纵向间隔的检测器检测由壳体和周围的土体材料散射回钻孔的伽马射线。 根据预定的关系适当地组合来自两个检测器的计数率信号，以产生作为钻孔深度的函数记录的地层堆积密度和壳体厚度。

公开(公告)号：US3940611A

公开(公告)日：1976-02-24

申请号：US489329

申请日：1974-07-17

Applicant: Dan M. Arnold

Inventor： Dan M. Arnold

IPC: G01V5/10 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/102

Abstract: A method is disclosed for measuring the thermal neutron decay time of earth formations in the vicinity of a well borehole. A harmonically intensity modulated source of fast neutrons is used to irradiate the earth formations with fast neutrons at three different intensity modulation frequencies. The tangents of the relative phase angles of the fast neutrons and the resulting thermal neutrons at each of the three frequencies of modulation are measured. First and second approximations to the earth formation thermal neutron decay time are derived from the three tangent measurements. These approximations are then combined to derive a value for the true earth formation thermal neutron decay time.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于测量井眼附近的地层的热中子衰减时间的方法。 使用谐波强度调制的快中子源，以三种不同的强度调制频率对具有快中子的地层进行照射。 测量三个调制频率中的每个频率处的快中子和所产生的热中子的相对相位角的切线。 第一次和第二次接近地球热中子衰减时间的近似来自三个切线测量。 然后将这些近似值组合以得到真正的地层形成热中子衰变时间的值。

公开(公告)号：US4209695A

公开(公告)日：1980-06-24

申请号：US872981

申请日：1978-01-27

Applicant: Dan M. Arnold ,  Harold E. Peelman ,  Obie M. Langford ,  Hans J. Paap ,  Irwin R. Supernaw

Inventor： Dan M. Arnold ,  Harold E. Peelman ,  Obie M. Langford ,  Hans J. Paap ,  Irwin R. Supernaw

IPC: G01N23/222 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01N23/222 ,  G01N2223/0745 ,  G01N2223/616 ,  G01N2223/637 ,  G01N2223/652

Abstract: Fluid in a pipeline or container at a refinery or at any of various petroleum producing operations is bombarded with neutrons, and high energy gamma rays resulting from capture of thermal neutrons are detected. The spectra of the detected gamma rays are then analyzed to determine the concentration of the element chlorine, which gives an indication of the presence and concentration of salt water in the fluid. The concentration of sulfur and the percentage gas in the fluid may be determined simultaneously with the concentration of chlorine.

Abstract translation: 在炼油厂或各种石油生产操作中的管道或容器中的流体被中子轰击，并且检测到由捕获热中子产生的高能γ射线。 然后分析检测到的γ射线的光谱，以确定元素氯的浓度，其给出流体中盐水的存在和浓度的指示。 可以与氯的浓度同时测定硫的浓度和流体中的气体百分比。

公开(公告)号：US4190768A

公开(公告)日：1980-02-26

申请号：US920569

申请日：1978-06-29

Applicant: Dan M. Arnold ,  Harry D. Smith, Jr.

Inventor： Dan M. Arnold ,  Harry D. Smith, Jr.

IPC: G01N23/221 ,  B65D90/00 ,  G01N23/222 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01N23/00

CPC classification number: G01N23/222 ,  G01N2223/0745 ,  G01N2223/637

Abstract: Fluid in a pipeline or container at a refinery or at any of various petroleum producing operations is bombarded with neutrons and high energy gamma rays resulting from capture of thermal neutrons are detected. The spectra of the detected gamma rays are then analyzed to determine the relative presence of the elements sulfur, hydrogen and chlorine. From the sulfur measurement, the oil cut of the fluid is determined, enabling the water cut to be determined. From the determined water cut, water salinity can also be determined.

Abstract translation: 在炼油厂或各种石油生产操作中的管道或容器中的流体被中子轰击，并且检测到由捕获热中子产生的高能γ射线。 然后分析检测到的γ射线的光谱，以确定元素硫，氢和氯的相对存在。 从硫测量中，确定流体的油切割，使得能够确定切水。 从确定的水切割，水盐度也可以确定。

公开(公告)号：US4189638A

公开(公告)日：1980-02-19

申请号：US920504

申请日：1978-06-29

Applicant: Dan M. Arnold

Inventor： Dan M. Arnold

IPC: E21B47/10 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: E21B47/1015

Abstract: Water injection profiling of a well by nuclear logging is disclosed. A dual detector sonde with a high energy neutron source is oriented and positioned above and below perforations in the casing of an injection well to monitor upward and downward flow, respectively, of injection water. The water is irradiated by the neutron source and resulting gamma ray production is sensed as the activated water flows by the spaced detectors. Count rate data is reduced and analyzed in terms of two energy windows to obtain linear flow velocities for water flow within and behind the casing. Volume flow rates are determined for upward and downward flow, and horizontal volume flow into the surrounding formations is calculated.

Abstract translation: 披露了通过核测井对井的注水分析。 具有高能量中子源的双探测器探空仪被定向和定位在注入井的壳体中的穿孔的上方和下方，以分别监测注射水的向上和向下流动。 水被中子源照射，并且随着活化水被间隔开的检测器流动，感测到所产生的γ射线产生。 根据两个能量窗口减少计算速率数据并分析其在壳体内和后面的水流的线性流速。 确定向上和向下流动的体积流量，并计算进入周围地层的水平体积流量。