公开(公告)号：US4436996A

公开(公告)日：1984-03-13

申请号：US265736

申请日：1981-05-21

Applicant: Dan M. Arnold ,  Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Ward E. Schultz

Inventor： Dan M. Arnold ,  Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Ward E. Schultz

IPC: G01V5/06 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/06

Abstract: A method of logging earth formations to ascertain relative elemental abundancies of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (T) is disclosed. A natural gamma ray spectrum of an unknown borehole is compared with individual standard gamma ray spectra of potassium, uranium and thorium in at least four energy ranges or bands. Decay peaks of the three elements are encompassed by three of the energy bands and at least one other energy band is used to monitor the changes in shape of the unknown spectrum caused by borehole conditions differing from that of the standard or calibration boreholes. A function derived from the gamma ray count rates in the four bands is used to compensate the elemental abundancies of the three elements to be detected in the unknown spectrum for the effects of differing borehole conditions in the unknown borehole from the standard borehole conditions.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种记录地层以确定钾（K），铀（U）和钍（T）的相对丰度的方法。 将未知钻孔的天然伽马射线谱与至少四个能量范围或频带中的钾，铀和钍的单个标准伽马射线光谱进行比较。 三个元素的衰减峰由三个能带包围，并且至少一个其他能带用于监测由不同于标准或校准钻孔的井眼条件引起的未知光谱的形状变化。 来自四个波段的伽马射线计数率的函数用于补偿未知光谱中待检测的三个元素的元素丰度，以了解来自标准钻孔条件的未知钻孔中不同钻孔条件的影响。

公开(公告)号：US4002904A

公开(公告)日：1977-01-11

申请号：US534987

申请日：1974-12-20

Applicant: Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Ward E. Schultz ,  Dan M. Arnold

Inventor： Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Ward E. Schultz ,  Dan M. Arnold

IPC: G01V5/10 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/108

Abstract: A system for logging earth formations traversed by a borehole wherein a high energy pulsed neutron source (14 MeV) repetitively irradiates earth formations. Two time gates operated after each neutron pulse are provided for detecting count rates from which the decay time and the macroscopic capture cross-section .SIGMA. can be determined. Background gate means are also provided to eliminate the effects of background and detector radiation. In the detection system, output pulses whose voltage level is proportional to the energy detected are produced. A cut-off voltage level is set at approximately 0.8 MeV, which is above the energy of gamma rays produced following neutron capture by the element Boron and below the energy of most gamma rays produced following capture by all other significant formation elements. By comparison of the count rates (obtained by summing these voltage pulses) in a Boron containing formation with macroscopic capture cross-section .SIGMA. to the count rate in an unborated formation having the same .SIGMA. value, the concentration of boron can be determined and plotted as a function of depth.

Abstract translation: 用于记录由钻孔穿过的地层的系统，其中高能脉冲中子源（14MeV）重复地照射地层。 在提供每个中子脉冲之后操作的两个时间门用于检测可以确定衰减时间和宏观捕获截面SIGMA的计数速率。 还提供背景门装置以消除背景和检测器辐射的影响。 在检测系统中，产生其电压电平与检测到的能量成比例的输出脉冲。 截止电压电平设定为约0.8MeV，高于元素硼中子俘获后产生的伽马射线的能量，并低于所有其他显着形成元素捕获后产生的大多数γ射线的能量。 通过将具有宏观捕获截面SIGMA的含硼地层中的计数率（通过将这些电压脉冲求和获得）与具有相同SIGMA值的未硼化地层中的计数速率进行比较，可以确定硼的浓度并绘制为 深度的功能。

公开(公告)号：US4032778A

公开(公告)日：1977-06-28

申请号：US628169

申请日：1975-11-03

Applicant: Hans J. Paap ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Ward E. Schultz ,  Harry D. Smith, Jr.

Inventor： Hans J. Paap ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Ward E. Schultz ,  Harry D. Smith, Jr.

IPC: E21B47/10 ,  G01F1/64 ,  G01F1/704 ,  G01V5/10 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01F1/7042 ,  E21B47/1015 ,  G01F1/64 ,  G01V5/101

Abstract: Measurement of the distance from a gamma ray detector to a gamma ray source for locating of a channel of undesired behind casing water flow in a producing well is provided. A relationship is given for the count rate ratio at a detector in two distinct energy regions of the gamma ray spectrum as a function of the distance from the gamma ray source. When counts of characteristic gamma rays due to the decay of radioactive nitrogen 16 produced by the activation of elemental oxygen nuclei comprising the molecular structure of undesired water flow are made then the distance R to such flow may be determined by means of the above relationship. This may then be interpreted in terms of the volume flow rate V of the undesired water flow.

公开(公告)号：US4493998A

公开(公告)日：1985-01-15

申请号：US364837

申请日：1982-04-02

Applicant: Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Ward E. Schultz

Inventor： Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Ward E. Schultz

IPC: G01V5/04 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/04

Abstract: In the preferred and illustrated embodiment taught herein, method steps for monitoring of raw materials to be used in drilling mud are disclosed. The materials are monitored for radioactivity. Procedures for taking such measurements are disclosed, and the extent of gamma radioactivity in the raw materials used in drilling mud is determined. This is correlated to the increased radiation attributable to mud made from these materials and the effect the mud would have on gamma ray measuring logs. An alternate procedure for testing drilling mud, typically at the well site, is also disclosed. The method detects mud radioactivity from any additives including barite, potassium chloride, well cuttings or others. Excessive background levels due to mud gamma radioactivity in a well may very well mask the data obtained by various logging procedures dependent on gamma radiation. Procedures are also described for either rejecting mud which is too radioactive or correcting the log measurements for mud effects.

Abstract translation: 在本文教导的优选和示出的实施例中，公开了用于监测用于钻井泥浆中的原料的方法步骤。 监测材料的放射性。 公开了进行这种测量的程序，确定了钻井泥浆中使用的原料中的γ放射性的程度。 这与由这些材料制成的泥浆的增加的辐射以及泥浆对伽马射线测量测井的影响相关。 还公开了通常在井场测试钻井泥浆的替代方法。 该方法从任何添加剂检测泥浆放射性，包括重晶石，氯化钾，扦插等。 由于井中的泥浆伽马放射性，过多的背景水平可能非常好地掩盖了取决于伽马辐射的各种测井程序获得的数据。 还描述了排除过度放射性污泥或校正泥浆影响的对数测量的泥浆的程序。

公开(公告)号：US4459479A

公开(公告)日：1984-07-10

申请号：US395517

申请日：1982-07-06

Applicant: Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Carl A. Robbins

Inventor： Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Carl A. Robbins

IPC: G01T1/40 ,  G01V5/06 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01T1/40 ,  G01V5/06

Abstract: A method of well logging utilizing naturally occurring gamma radiation is disclosed. In the preferred and illustrated embodiment, the thickness of the casing in a well borehole is measured. The photoelectric absorption of gamma rays from the formation by the iron in the casing varies as a function of the energy of the gamma radiation. The detected gamma spectrum below about 350 KeV from the surrounding earth formation is preferably divided into two energy ranges or windows, and a ratio between the two to indicate the thickness of any intervening steel casing material. With suitable scale factors in calibration of the system, casing thickness can be determined from the ratio of the summed naturally occurring gamma count rate in the range of about 35 to about 120 KeV divided by the count rate in a higher energy range from about 180-325 KeV.

Abstract translation: 公开了利用天然存在的γ射线进行测井的方法。 在优选和示出的实施例中，测量井眼中的壳体的厚度。 由外壳中的铁形成的γ射线的光电吸收作为γ辐射的能量的函数而变化。 从周围的地层形成的低于约350KeV的检测的伽马光谱优选分为两个能量范围或窗口，两者之间的比率表示任何中间钢外壳材料的厚度。 在系统校准中具有合适的比例因子时，可以根据在约35至约120KeV的范围内求和的天然存在的伽马计数率除以在较大能量范围内的计数率与约180- 325 KeV。

公开(公告)号：US4439676A

公开(公告)日：1984-03-27

申请号：US270937

申请日：1981-06-05

Applicant: Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold

Inventor： Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold

IPC: G01V5/06 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/06

Abstract: A natural gamma ray logging system utilizes gamma ray spectroscopy to measure thorium, uranium and potassium content of earth formations adjacent a well borehole. An additional measurement is also taken from which compensation for borehole effects on the measurements of interest is achieved.

Abstract translation: 天然伽马射线测井系统采用伽马射线光谱法测量井眼附近地层的钍，铀和钾含量。 还采用了额外的测量方法，从而对钻孔效应对感兴趣的测量值进行了补偿。

公开(公告)号：US4297575A

公开(公告)日：1981-10-27

申请号：US66125

申请日：1979-08-13

Applicant: Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Kenneth J. Smith

Inventor： Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Kenneth J. Smith

IPC: G01V5/12 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: E21B47/082 ,  G01V5/125

Abstract: A method for simultaneously measuring the formation bulk density and the thickness of casing in a cased well borehole is disclosed. Low energy gamma rays are emitted into the casing and formation in a cased borehole. Two longitudinally spaced detectors detect gamma rays scattered back into the borehole by the casing and surrounding earth materials. The count rate signals from the two detectors are appropriately combined according to predetermined relationships to produce the formation bulk density and the casing thickness, which are recorded as a function of borehole depth.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于同时测量套管井眼中的地层堆积密度和套管厚度的方法。 低能γ射线被排放到套管中并在套管钻孔中形成。 两个纵向间隔的检测器检测由壳体和周围的土体材料散射回钻孔的伽马射线。 根据预定的关系适当地组合来自两个检测器的计数率信号，以产生作为钻孔深度的函数记录的地层堆积密度和壳体厚度。

公开(公告)号：US4190768A

公开(公告)日：1980-02-26

申请号：US920569

申请日：1978-06-29

Applicant: Dan M. Arnold ,  Harry D. Smith, Jr.

Inventor： Dan M. Arnold ,  Harry D. Smith, Jr.

IPC: G01N23/221 ,  B65D90/00 ,  G01N23/222 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01N23/00

CPC classification number: G01N23/222 ,  G01N2223/0745 ,  G01N2223/637

Abstract: Fluid in a pipeline or container at a refinery or at any of various petroleum producing operations is bombarded with neutrons and high energy gamma rays resulting from capture of thermal neutrons are detected. The spectra of the detected gamma rays are then analyzed to determine the relative presence of the elements sulfur, hydrogen and chlorine. From the sulfur measurement, the oil cut of the fluid is determined, enabling the water cut to be determined. From the determined water cut, water salinity can also be determined.

Abstract translation: 在炼油厂或各种石油生产操作中的管道或容器中的流体被中子轰击，并且检测到由捕获热中子产生的高能γ射线。 然后分析检测到的γ射线的光谱，以确定元素硫，氢和氯的相对存在。 从硫测量中，确定流体的油切割，使得能够确定切水。 从确定的水切割，水盐度也可以确定。

公开(公告)号：US4424444A

公开(公告)日：1984-01-03

申请号：US394219

申请日：1982-07-01

Applicant: Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold

Inventor： Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold

IPC: G01N23/222 ,  G01V5/10 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/102 ,  G01N23/222 ,  G01N2223/0745 ,  G01N2223/616

Abstract: The present invention concerns methods for measuring simultaneously the formation and borehole components of thermal neutron lifetime as decay time. The borehole and formation are irradiated with pulsed 14 MEV neutrons. During the interval between neutron pulses the capture gamma radiation is measured in at least four, non-overlapping, contiguous time gates. A background radiation measurement is also periodically made. The background corrected capture gamma radiation measurements are combined to derive simultaneously, the formation and borehole neutron lifetime components which are then recorded as a function of borehole depth.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及同时测量热中子寿命的形成和钻孔成分作为衰减时间的方法。 用脉冲14 MEV中子照射井眼和地层。 在中子脉冲之间的间隔期间，在至少四个非重叠的连续时间门中测量捕获伽马辐射。 还定期进行背景辐射测量。 将背景校正的捕获伽马辐射测量结合起来同时导出，然后将其形成和钻孔中子寿命分量记录为钻孔深度的函数。

公开(公告)号：US5077471A

公开(公告)日：1991-12-31

申请号：US580419

申请日：1990-09-10

Applicant: Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Larry L. Gadeken ,  Dan M. Arnold

Inventor： Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Larry L. Gadeken ,  Dan M. Arnold

IPC: E21B47/10

CPC classification number: E21B47/1015

Abstract: Formation fluid flows in earth formations (37) opposite a perforated (40) wellbore (15) zone are measured and monitored by injecting radioactive tracers (50) into the perforations (40), blocking the perforations to retain the tracers (50) in the formation (37), monitoring the apparent decay rates (58) of the injected tracers (50), and then determining the rate at which the tracers are being carrier away by fluid movements in the formation (37). From this the flow rate (60) of the fluids in the earth formations (37) adjacent the borehole interval is inferred.

Abstract translation: 通过将放射性示踪剂（50）注射到穿孔（40）中来测量和监测在多孔（40）井眼（15）区域相对的地层（37）中的地层流体，阻止穿孔将示踪剂（50）保持在 形成（37），监测注射示踪剂（50）的表观衰减速率（58），然后确定示踪剂通过地层中的流体运动（37）被载走的速率。 从此，推断与钻孔间隔相邻的地层（37）中的流体的流速（60）。