摘要:
Disclosed herein are partially fluorinated (co)polymers containing sulfonic acid or sulfonate salt groups, processes for making those polymers, and intermediates for those (co)polymers. The (co)polymers are useful as ion-exchange resins and (in the sulfonic acid form) acid catalysts.
摘要:
Disclosed herein are partially fluorinated (co)polymers containing sulfonic acid or sulfonate salt groups, processes for making those polymers, and intermediates for those (co)polymers. The (co)polymers are useful as ion-exchange resins and (in the sulfonic acid form) acid catalysts.
摘要:
The present invention relates to compositions comprising at least one fluoroolefin and an effective amount of stabilizer that may be an epoxide, fluorinated epoxide or oxetane, or a mixture thereof with other stabilizers. The stabilized compositions may be useful in cooling apparatus, such as refrigeration, air-conditioning, chillers, and heat pumps, as well as in applications as foam blowing agents, solvents, aerosol propellants, fire extinguishants, and sterilants.
摘要:
The present invention relates to compositions comprising at least one fluoroolefin and an effective amount of stabilizer that may be a terpene, terpenoid or fullerene; or a mixture of a terpene, terpenoid or fullerene with other stabilizers. The stabilized compositions may be useful in cooling apparatus, such as refrigeration, air-conditioning, chillers, and heat pumps, as well as in applications as foam blowing agents, solvents, aerosol propellants, fire extinguishants, and sterilants.
摘要:
The invention pertains to low polydispersity copolymers useful for photoimaging and photoresist compositions, and to the photoimaging processes which use these compositions. The low polydispersity copolymers of this invention are prepared using controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques, such as RAFT (reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer) polymerization.
摘要:
Photoresists and associated processes for microlithography in the extreme, far, and near UV are disclosed. The photoresists in some embodiments comprise (a) a fluorine-containing copolymer comprising a repeat unit derived from at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound characterized in that at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound is polycyclic and at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound contains at least one fluorine atom covalently attached to an ethylenically unsaturated carbon atom; and (b) at least one photoactive component. In other embodiments, the photoresists comprise a fluorine-containing copolymer comprising a repeat unit derived from at least one polycyclic ethylenically unsaturated compound having at least one atom or group selected from the group consisting of fluorine atom, perfluoroalkyl group, and perfluoroalkoxy group, characterized in that the at least one atom or group is covalently attached to a carbon atom which is contained within a ring structure and separated from each ethylenically unsaturated carbon atom of the ethylenically unsaturated compound by at least one covalently attached carbon atom. The photoresists have high transparency in the extreme/far UV as well as the near UV, high plasma etch resistance, and are useful for microlithography in the extreme, far, and near ultraviolet (UV) region, particularly at wavelengths ≦365 nm. Novel fluorine-containing copolymers are also disclosed.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a process in which fluorine containing olefins are polymerized using an initiation system which is a combination of a fluoroaliphatic sulfinate or sulfinic acid and chlorate, bromate or hypochlorite ions. The resulting polymer contains fewer deleterious end groups and is more stable and/or easier to process. The polymers produced are useful as thermoplastics and elastomers.
摘要:
Aromatic compounds containing an .alpha.-fluoroalkyl or .alpha.,.alpha.-difluoroalkyl side chain are prepared by reacting selected aromatic compounds with a mixture of HF and a metal oxide which is PbO.sub.2 or NiO.sub.2 at -30.degree. to +80.degree. C. Exemplary is the conversion of 4-nitrotoluene to 4-(fluoromethyl)nitrobenzene and 4-(difluoromethyl)nitrobenzene.
摘要:
A membrane separation process using a highly fluorinated polymer membrane that selectively permeates water of an aqueous ionic liquid solution to provide dry ionic liquid. Preferably the polymer is a polymer that includes polymerized perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole (PDD). The process is also capable of removing small molecular compounds such as organic solvents that can be present in the solution. This membrane separation process is suitable for drying the aqueous ionic liquid byproduct from precipitating solutions of biomass dissolved in ionic liquid, and is thus instrumental to providing usable lignocellulosic products for energy consumption and other industrial uses in an environmentally benign manner.
摘要:
The present invention relates to compositions comprising at least one fluoroolefin and an effective amount of stabilizer that may be a terpene, terpenoid or fullerene; or a mixture of a terpene, terpenoid or fullerene with other stabilizers. The stabilized compositions may be useful in cooling apparatus, such as refrigeration, air-conditioning, chillers, and heat pumps, as well as in applications as foam blowing agents, solvents, aerosol propellants, fire extinguishants, and sterilants.