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公开(公告)号：US5313009A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-17
申请号：US135569
申请日：1993-10-14
IPC分类号： B01J19/24 , B01J19/26 , C07C201/08 , C07C205/06 , C07C205/12 , C07C201/00 , B01D3/00
CPC分类号： B01J19/2415 , B01J19/26 , C07C201/08 , B01J2219/00081 , B01J2219/00159 , B01J2219/00166 , B01J2219/00186
摘要： A continuous process to nitrate a nitratable aromatic compound in a nitronium ion solution in a nitrator. The process comprises feeding into the nitrator nitronium ion solution of a composition within an area defined by connecting three points in a ternary phase diagram of nitric acid, sulfuric acid and water. The three points correspond to first about 82% of sulfuric acid and 18% nitric acid, secondly about 55% sulfuric acid and about 45% water and, thirdly, 100% sulfuric acid, with the nitric acid preferably being below about 3%. The nitratable aromatic compound is introduced in a manner such that a fine emulsion of hydrocarbon in the nitronium ion solution is formed with the hydrocarbon evenly distributed in the acid phase. The acid and the nitratable aromatic compound are brought into intimate contact in a plug-flow nitrator that contains mixing elements.
摘要翻译： 在氮化器中硝酸根离子溶液中硝化可硝化芳族化合物的连续方法。 该方法包括在硝酸，硫酸和水的三元相图中连接三个点所限定的区域内的组合物的硝化器硝鎓离子溶液中进料。 三点对应于首先约82％的硫酸和18％的硝酸，其次约55％的硫酸和约45％的水，以及第三种是100％的硫酸，硝酸优选低于3％左右。 引入可硝化芳族化合物，使得在硝酸根离子溶液中形成烃的精细乳液，其中均匀分布在酸相中的烃形成。 酸和可硝化芳香族化合物在包含混合元件的活塞式硝化器中紧密接触。
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公开(公告)号：US4994242A
公开(公告)日：1991-02-19
申请号：US405930
申请日：1989-09-12
申请人： John M. Rae , Edward G. Hauptmann
发明人： John M. Rae , Edward G. Hauptmann
CPC分类号： B01F5/0682 , B01F5/0256 , B01F5/0609 , B01F5/0688 , B01F5/0689 , B01J14/00 , B01J19/2415 , B01J19/26 , B01F2005/0005 , B01F2005/0008
摘要： An apparatus to allow reaction in the liquid phase. The apparatus is a vessel having a baffle. There are openings in the baffle through each of which a liquid passes as a jet. Neighboring openings are sufficiently close to allow impingement of the jets thereby allowing for reaction of the liquids. The invention finds application in reactions where the reactants are immiscible and is particularly suitable in the nitration of aromatic hydrocarbons using mixed acids in aqueous solution. A method of conducting a reaction between at least two reactants in the liquid phase is also provided comprising passing a liquid containing the reactants through a plurality of adjacent spaced openings to create a series of impinging jets.
摘要翻译： 允许液相反应的装置。 该装置是具有挡板的容器。 挡板中有一个开口，每个液体都以喷射的形式通过。 相邻的开口足够接近以允许喷射的冲击，从而允许液体的反应。 本发明应用于反应物不混溶并特别适用于在水溶液中使用混合酸硝化芳烃的反应。 还提供了在液相中在至少两种反应物之间进行反应的方法，包括使含有反应物的液体通过多个相邻间隔的开口，以产生一系列冲击射流。
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公开(公告)号：US4511379A
公开(公告)日：1985-04-16
申请号：US396423
申请日：1982-07-08
申请人： Edward G. Hauptmann
发明人： Edward G. Hauptmann
CPC分类号： B01D47/06
摘要： A gas scrubber is provided which is particularly useful for scrubbing flue gas and condensate effluent from a kraft pulp mill. The scrubber comprises a first chamber having inner and outer looped parallel side walls, and first and second end walls extending therebetween. A gas inlet is positioned so as to direct gas passing through it between the side walls. Fluid nozzles on the inner wall are directed to spray liquid toward the outer wall. A gas outlet is provided which has at least a portion angularly spaced from the gas inlet. The walls of the first chamber are preferably arranged to provide an incremental volume between them which decreases with angular distance from the gas inlet. The gas outlet is dimensioned so that the velocity of the gas flowing between the walls is substantially constant. Preferably, the side walls are concentric, substantially circular and each of constant diameter. In addition, the first end wall is substantially planar and the second end wall is helical in configuration. A plurality of interconnected adjacent, concentric, toroidal chambers are also usefully provided in a sequence extending radially inwardly from the first chamber.
摘要翻译： 提供一种气体洗涤器，其特别适用于从牛皮纸浆厂中洗涤废气和冷凝物流出物。 洗涤器包括具有内环和外环平行侧壁的第一室，以及在其间延伸的第一和第二端壁。 气体入口被定位成将气体引导通过侧壁之间。 内壁上的流体喷嘴被引导以朝向外壁喷射液体。 设置有气体出口，其具有与气体入口成角度地间隔开的至少一部分。 第一室的壁优选地布置成在它们之间提供随着与气体入口的角距离而减小的增量。 气体出口的尺寸使得在壁之间流动的气体的速度基本上恒定。 优选地，侧壁是同心的，基本上圆形的，并且每个具有恒定的直径。 此外，第一端壁基本上是平面的，并且第二端壁是螺旋形的。 多个互连的相邻的，同心的环形室也可以从第一室径向向内延伸的顺序有效地设置。
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公开(公告)号：US4051952A
公开(公告)日：1977-10-04
申请号：US610661
申请日：1975-09-05
摘要： Fish are oriented by laying them in random arrangement in the central portion of a vibrating trough, the opposite ends of which form passages slightly wider than the widest fish being sorted. Fish move headfirst toward the trough ends, and the movement of fish discharged in single file from such trough ends is accelerated to propel fish past detector means. Such detector means include a radiant-energy source and fish-sorting means responsive to energy from such source operable to deflect fish leaving such source for channeling the fish corresponding to a characteristic detected by the detector. Such characteristic may be sex, length or sidewise orientation. Alternatively, fish can be subjected to detector means for energizing a signal simply to indicate a characteristic of the fish without sorting the fish, such as by placing a fish on an energy-transmitting surface, applying an energy-responsive element to the opposite side of the fish and actuating a signal in response to operation of the energy-responsive element.
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公开(公告)号：US20080209797A1
公开(公告)日：2008-09-04
申请号：US12071100
申请日：2008-02-15
申请人： David Rendina , Edward G. Hauptmann
发明人： David Rendina , Edward G. Hauptmann
IPC分类号： C10L1/00
CPC分类号： C10B49/14 , C10G1/02 , C10G1/08 , C10G1/083 , C10G1/086 , C10G2/32 , C10G9/34 , C10G11/00 , C10G11/02 , Y02P20/145
摘要： A process for converting feedstock into liquid hydrocarbon fuel condensate includes the steps of providing an unconventional feedstock for producing liquid hydrocarbon fuel, providing a heated heat transfer medium flowing through at least one thermal reaction zone under substantially carbon rejection process conditions and placing the feedstock onto the heated heat transfer medium flow so that the feedstock substantially rides on the flow surface of the heated heat transfer medium without substantially any mixing of the feedstock with the heat transfer medium, vaporizing at least a portion of the feedstock to form vapours while the feedstock is in the thermal reaction zones by heat transfer to the feedstock from the heat transfer medium and condensing the vapours into a liquid hydrocarbon fuel condensate.
摘要翻译： 将原料转化为液态烃燃料冷凝物的方法包括以下步骤：提供用于生产液体烃燃料的非常规原料，提供在基本上碳排除工艺条件下流过至少一个热反应区的加热的热传递介质，并将原料置于 加热的传热介质流，使得原料基本上骑在加热的传热介质的流动表面上，而基本上不将原料与传热介质混合，蒸发原料的至少一部分以形成蒸气，同时原料在 热反应区通过从传热介质传递到原料并将蒸气冷凝成液态烃燃料冷凝物。
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6.发明授权Method and apparatus for recovering wash water from pulp and paper mill effluent 失效从纸浆和造纸厂废水中回收洗涤水的方法和设备
公开(公告)号：US5470481A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-28
申请号：US135913
申请日：1993-10-13
CPC分类号： D21C11/0021 , C02F1/444 , C02F11/086 , D21C9/02 , C02F1/441 , C02F2103/28
摘要： A method and apparatus for recovering wash water from effluent generated by a pulp and paper mill. The method includes filtering at least a portion of the effluent to form a filtrate stream and an organic solids feed stream. The organic solids feed stream is exposed to a temperature and a pressure which are supercritical for water to cause a substantial portion of the organic component to oxidize and form a product stream that, when cooled, includes a gaseous component, an inorganic solids component, and a liquid wash water component. The wash water component is separated from the gaseous and inorganic solids components, thereby recovering wash water.
摘要翻译： 一种用于从纸浆和造纸厂产生的流出物中回收洗涤水的方法和装置。 该方法包括过滤至少一部分流出物以形成滤液流和有机固体进料流。 有机固体进料流暴露于对水而言是超临界的温度和压力，以使大部分有机组分氧化并形成产物流，当冷却时，其包含气态组分，无机固体组分和 液体洗涤水组分。 洗涤水组分与气态和无机固体组分分离，从而回收洗涤水。
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7.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07922981B2
公开(公告)日：2011-04-12
申请号：US12418415
申请日：2009-04-03
申请人： Edward G. Hauptmann
发明人： Edward G. Hauptmann
CPC分类号： B01J14/00 , B01F5/0606 , B01J19/006 , B01J19/2405 , B01J19/2415 , B01J2219/00768 , B01J2219/00777 , B01J2219/182
摘要： Apparatus for intensifying heterogeneous chemical reactions is described. For the case of liquid-liquid reactions, with drops of a reactant distributed throughout the second continuous reactant, the physical phenomena of drop dispersion (break up) and drop coalescence are identified as the main physical steps affecting reaction rates. A basic flow cell structure is described in which the respective actions of dispersion and coalescence can be greatly intensified through the creation of enhanced body forces and shear flow zones. The basic cell structure can be arranged into pipe flow reactors to suit any production or process requirements. The basic cell structure is equally applicable to gas-liquid reactions with drops of one reactant being conveyed by a moving gas stream.
摘要翻译： 描述了加强异质化学反应的装置。 对于液 - 液反应的情况，通过遍布第二连续反应物的反应物滴，分散（分解）和滴聚合的物理现象被确定为影响反应速率的主要物理步骤。 描述了基本的流动池结构，其中可以通过产生增强的体力和剪切流动区域来大大增强分散和聚结的各自的作用。 基本的电池结构可以布置在管流反应器中，以适应任何生产或工艺要求。 碱性电池结构同样适用于气液反应，其中一种反应物的液滴被移动的气流输送。
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公开(公告)号：US07862707B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-04
申请号：US12071100
申请日：2008-02-15
申请人： David Rendina , Edward G. Hauptmann
发明人： David Rendina , Edward G. Hauptmann
IPC分类号： C10L1/00
CPC分类号： C10B49/14 , C10G1/02 , C10G1/08 , C10G1/083 , C10G1/086 , C10G2/32 , C10G9/34 , C10G11/00 , C10G11/02 , Y02P20/145
摘要： A process for converting feedstock into liquid hydrocarbon fuel condensate includes the steps of providing an unconventional feedstock for producing liquid hydrocarbon fuel, providing a heated heat transfer medium flowing through at least one thermal reaction zone under substantially carbon rejection process conditions and placing the feedstock onto the heated heat transfer medium flow so that the feedstock substantially rides on the flow surface of the heated heat transfer medium without substantially any mixing of the feedstock with the heat transfer medium, vaporizing at least a portion of the feedstock to form vapours while the feedstock is in the thermal reaction zones by heat transfer to the feedstock from the heat transfer medium and condensing the vapours into a liquid hydrocarbon fuel condensate.
摘要翻译： 将原料转化为液态烃燃料冷凝物的方法包括以下步骤：提供用于生产液体烃燃料的非常规原料，提供在基本上碳排除工艺条件下流过至少一个热反应区的加热的热传递介质，并将原料置于 加热的传热介质流，使得原料基本上骑在加热的传热介质的流动表面上，而基本上不将原料与传热介质混合，蒸发原料的至少一部分以形成蒸气，同时原料在 热反应区通过从传热介质传递到原料并将蒸气冷凝成液态烃燃料冷凝物。
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公开(公告)号：US4612089A
公开(公告)日：1986-09-16
申请号：US590143
申请日：1984-03-16
申请人： Edward G. Hauptmann
发明人： Edward G. Hauptmann
IPC分类号： F16L55/054 , D21F1/06
CPC分类号： F16L55/054 , Y10T137/3118
摘要： Apparatus to reduce pressure pulsations in a pipe line. The apparatus comprises a central pipe to be connected to the pipe line. There is a resilient liner within the central pipe and an intermediate chamber is substantially concentric with the central pipe and open at each end. An opening in the central pipe is closed by the liner. Pressure variations in the central pipe are thus communicated to the intermediate chamber, which is attached to the central pipe. There is an outer chamber, closed at each end and substantially concentric with the intermediate chamber, and able to maintain a selected pressure.
摘要翻译： 用于减少管道中的压力脉动的装置。 该装置包括要连接到管线的中心管。 中心管内有弹性衬垫，中间室与中心管基本上同心并在每一端开口。 中央管道的开口被衬管封闭。 因此，中心管的压力变化传递到附接到中心管的中间室。 存在一个外室，每个端部都封闭，并且与中间室基本上同心，并能够保持选定的压力。
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