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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4343641A
公开(公告)日：1982-08-10
申请号：US239241
申请日：1981-03-02
申请人： Addison B. Scholes
发明人： Addison B. Scholes
CPC分类号： C03C17/04 , C03C17/42 , C03C2217/42 , Y10T428/24421
摘要： A method of increasing the abrasion resistance of glass articles is disclosed. It has been found that by providing a vitreous substrate with a micro-roughened surface and an overlayer of dry lubricious organic coating, substantially increased lubricity and abrasion resistance is obtained. When the micro-roughened surface is provided by bonding a discontinuous distribution of discrete particulate material to the surface, a substantial increase in abrasion resistance and lubricity is realized even without the overlayer of dry lubricious coating thereby making the present invention particularly adaptable to use in the hot end of a glassware manufacturing process. Further, when the particulate material is fusible at about the annealing temperature of the glassware and is applied at the hot end, the particulate material will protect the glass surface through the hot end by bearing the major part of any loads created by contact between the glassware and other objects in its transport through the hot end. Upon being annealed, the particulate material will fuse and self-heal itself of any damage caused by such contact.In the preferred embodiment, glass frit of a low-fusing temperature having a size range of between under 1 micron to about 100 microns is applied over between 5 percent and 85 percent of the surface area of glassware. The frit is then fused to the glassware and upon cooling, an overlayer of dry lubricious organic coating is applied. The frit is preferably applied electrostatically while the glass is hot through dry powder deposition or with a liquid carrier. Great uniformity in applying minute amounts of particulate material has been achieved by on-site grinding the particulate material to an air-carriable size with a fluid energy mill. The particulate material is air exhausted from the mill and directly applied thereby avoiding problems presented by agglomeration of the low micron range particles.
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公开(公告)号：US3967939A
公开(公告)日：1976-07-06
申请号：US571162
申请日：1975-04-24
摘要： The subject invention relates to a method and apparatus for removing hot exhaust treatment gases containing tin or titanium compounds associated with glass making operations. The apparatus and method herein described comprises exhausting the treatment gases through a plurality of directed fluid treating patterns whereby the hydroscopic materials are hydrated forming aggregates and the suspended particles are wetted, passing the exhausted gases over a supply of a treating fluid whereby some of the aggregates and wetted particles are removed, exposing thereafter the exhausted gases to ions in an electrostatic field so that the remaining aggregates and wetted particles are charged and travel under the influence of the field, and removing the charged aggregates and particles by a descending fluid film.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于去除与玻璃制造操作相关的含有锡或钛化合物的热废气处理气体的方法和装置。 本文所述的装置和方法包括通过多个定向流体处理图案排出处理气体，由此吸湿材料被水合形成聚集体并且悬浮颗粒被润湿，使排出的气体通过处理流体的供应，由此一些聚集体 并且去除湿润的颗粒，然后在静电场中将排出的气体暴露于离子，使得剩余的聚集体和润湿颗粒在场的影响下被带电并行进，并且通过下降的流体膜去除带电的聚集体和颗粒。
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3.发明授权Method for the cold end coating of glassware using a vaporizer having an internal flow path from a reservoir of liquid coating material to a vapor deposition chamber 失效使用蒸发器的玻璃器皿的冷端涂覆方法，该蒸发器具有从液体涂覆材料的储存器到气相沉积室的内部流动路径
公开(公告)号：US5498758A
公开(公告)日：1996-03-12
申请号：US246835
申请日：1994-05-20
IPC分类号： C03C17/00 , C03C17/42 , C23C16/44 , C23C16/455
CPC分类号： C23C16/45595 , C03C17/005 , C03C17/42
摘要： A method for applying a cold end lubricating coating to glassware articles on which a hot end metal oxide coating may have been applied includes conveying the glassware articles through a heated vapor deposition chamber provided by thermally isolating a conveyer portion. Lubricating coating material, such as a fatty acid, is liquified in a heated reservoir inside a heated tank which also contains a heated vapor chamber. The reservoir and vapor chamber are separated by an internal wall of the tank. At least one flow of the liquefied coating material is directed to at least one vaporizer positioned on the tank adjacent to the reservoir and vapor chamber. The liquefied coating material is vaporized by feeding a flow of pressurized air to each vaporizer such that vaporous particles of liquefied coating material are entrained in the air. The air and entrained vaporous particles are directed to a vapor deposition chamber. The glassware articles are coated by impingement of the vaporous particles on them, and the glassware articles are then cooled such that the coating solidifies.
摘要翻译： 将冷端润滑涂层施加到其上可以施加热端金属氧化物涂层的玻璃制品上的方法包括将玻璃制品通过热隔离输送部分提供的加热气相沉积室输送。 诸如脂肪酸的润滑涂层材料在加热的储存器中被液化，所述储存器还包含加热的蒸气室。 储罐和蒸气室由罐的内壁分开。 液化涂料的至少一个流动被引导到位于与储存器和蒸气室相邻的罐上的至少一个蒸发器。 通过向每个蒸发器供给加压空气流使液化涂料材料气化，使得液化涂料的气态颗粒被夹带在空气中。 空气和夹带的气态颗粒被引导到气相沉积室。 玻璃制品通过将蒸气颗粒撞击在其上而被涂覆，然后冷却玻璃制品以使涂层固化。
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公开(公告)号：US4336275A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-22
申请号：US188335
申请日：1980-09-18
申请人： Addison B. Scholes
发明人： Addison B. Scholes
CPC分类号： B05C19/04
摘要： Method and apparatus are disclosed for electrostatically dispersing lubricating particles onto the surfaces of electrically conductive substrates. In the method and apparatus, discrete sheets, for example, of electrically conductive substrate are moved through a housing in which the lubricating particles are deposited. The conveying means that carry the sheets through the housing electrically isolate the sheets in space while they are exposed to deposition of the particles. To avoid the accumulation of voltage on the sheets during deposition and to avoid inhibition of deposition that may result therefrom, at least two deposition chambers are used and each deposition chamber receives a supply of lubricating particles for deposition on the sheets. Independent electrode means are provided in each deposition chamber. Voltages of opposite polarities are applied to the independent electrode means of each deposition chamber to electrically charge the particles in each deposition chamber with opposite polarities and to deposit oppositely charged particles on the sheets.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于将润滑颗粒静电分散到导电基底的表面上的方法和装置。 在该方法和装置中，例如导电基片的离散片移动通过其中沉积润滑颗粒的壳体。 携带纸张通过壳体的输送装置在片材暴露于颗粒沉积的同时将片材电隔离。 为了避免在沉积期间在片材上积聚电压，并且为了避免由此可能导致的沉积的抑制，使用至少两个沉积室，并且每个沉积室接收用于沉积在片材上的润滑颗粒的供应。 在每个沉积室中设置独立的电极装置。 将相反极性的电压施加到每个沉积室的独立电极装置，以相反的极性对每个沉积室中的颗粒进行电荷加载，并将相对带电的颗粒沉积在片材上。
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公开(公告)号：US4066803A
公开(公告)日：1978-01-03
申请号：US751690
申请日：1976-12-17
CPC分类号： B05B5/14 , B05B5/001 , C10M177/00 , F16N27/00
摘要： Method for generating and substantially uniformly electrostatically dispersing very finely divided spheroidally shaped lubricating particles onto the moving surface of metal or other electrically conducting substrate. A lubricant material in its liquid state is drawn by airflow through a small venturi orifice where it is sheared into droplets of various sizes. Larger droplets are filtered out of the continuing post-venturi airflow by gravity, baffles, airflow forces and/or inertia effects, leaving only a mist cloud of extremely small spheroid particles which are then migrated within a charged plasma so as to transfer electrical charge thereto in sufficient quantities to achieve a desired uniform high charge/mass ratio and thus insure a uniform eventual electrostatic dispersion of substantially all the spheroids over the substrate surface. The mist cloud is controllably generated for each of a plurality of longitudinal sections of the substrate and permitted to drift or migrate relatively slowly between transversely positioned electrodes and the conducting substrate spaced therefrom in respectively corresponding longitudinally partitioned sections of a non-conducting enclosure. A corona discharge is maintained by a voltage differential between the electrodes and the substrate to form an electrically charged plasma within the non-conducting enclosure which, in turn, multiply bombards and charges the individual particles of the slowly migrating mist cloud. Thusly charged to uniform charged states, the particles are then uniformly dispersed substantially only by electrostatic forces onto the surface of the longitudinally moving substrate.
摘要翻译： 用于产生并基本上均匀地将非常细碎的球状润滑颗粒静电分散到金属或其它导电基底的移动表面上的方法。 处于液态的润滑剂材料被气流引导通过小文丘里孔，在那里被剪切成各种尺寸的液滴。 通过重力，挡板，气流力和/或惯性效应将较大的液滴从连续的文丘里气流中过滤掉，仅留下极微小的球状颗粒的雾云，然后在带电等离子体内迁移，从而将电荷转移到 足以获得所需均匀的高充电/质量比，从而确保基本上所有球体在衬底表面上的均匀的最终静电分散。 对于基板的多个纵向部分中的每一个可控地产生雾云，并允许在横向放置的电极之间相对缓慢地漂移或迁移，并且导电基板与非导电外壳的分别对应的纵向分隔的部分分开。 通过电极和基板之间的电压差来维持电晕放电，以在非导电外壳内形成带电荷的等离子体，这反过来又对缓慢迁移的雾云的各个颗粒进行多次轰击和充电。 因此，充电至均匀的带电状态，然后将颗粒基本上仅通过静电力均匀地分散到纵向移动的衬底的表面上。
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公开(公告)号：US5454873A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-03
申请号：US246671
申请日：1994-05-20
IPC分类号： B05B15/04 , C03C17/00 , C23C16/448 , C23C26/00 , B05B1/24
CPC分类号： C03C17/005 , B05B15/0443 , C23C16/4486
摘要： An apparatus for forming a coating on glassware articles comprises a source of pressurized air and source of liquid coating material. The source of liquid coating material includes a reservoir and a vapor-forming chamber. An adjustable gas pressure regulator provides a regulated gas pressure in the reservoir and a regulated flow of liquid coating material out of the reservoir. A plurality of vapor-forming atomizers are positioned and configured to atomize the liquid coating material and direct the coating material vapor into the vapor chamber. The apparatus further includes a vapor booth and a conveyor operable to convey glassware articles to the vapor booth to be coated. A plurality of fans provide circulating flows of coating material vapor within the booth and along the conveyer portion.
摘要翻译： 用于在玻璃器皿制品上形成涂层的装置包括加压空气源和液体涂覆材料源。 液体涂料的来源包括储存器和蒸气形成室。 可调节的气体压力调节器在储存器中提供调节的气体压力，并且将液体涂覆材料的调节流动流出储存器。 多个蒸气形成雾化器被定位和配置成雾化液体涂料并将涂料蒸气引导到蒸气室中。 该装置还包括蒸气室和可操作以将玻璃器皿物品输送到待涂覆的蒸气室的输送器。 多个风扇在展位内沿着输送机部分提供涂料蒸气的循环流动。
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公开(公告)号：US4444834A
公开(公告)日：1984-04-24
申请号：US339093
申请日：1982-01-13
CPC分类号： B05B5/14 , B05B5/001 , C10M177/00 , F16N27/00 , Y10T428/25 , Y10T428/254 , Y10T428/31678 , Y10T428/31692 , Y10T428/31714
摘要： A new article of manufacture comprising an aluminum substrate has at least one surface coated with a lubricating material. The lubricating material is preferably a dielectric hydrocarbon deposited in particulate form by the method of electrostatically charging the particles so that they mutually repel one another, maintaining a quiescent cloud of such charged particles adjacent the surface to be lubricated, and depositing and distributing the charged particles onto the surface substantially entirely by electrostatic forces. The particles preferably have an average diameter of less than ten microns and are deposited to cover from about one percent to about fifteen percent of the surface in an amount of from about four milligrams per square foot to about 24 milligrams per square foot.
摘要翻译： 包括铝基板的新的制品包括至少一个涂有润滑材料的表面。 润滑材料优选为以静电方式填充颗粒的方法以颗粒形式沉积的电介质烃，使得它们彼此相互排斥，将这种带电粒子的静止云保持在待润滑的表面附近，并且沉积并分布带电粒子 基本上完全由静电力在表面上。 颗粒优选具有小于10微米的平均直径，并以约4毫克每平方英尺至约24毫克每平方英尺的量沉积以覆盖表面的约1％至约15％。
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公开(公告)号：US4289504A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-15
申请号：US103433
申请日：1979-12-14
申请人： Addison B. Scholes
发明人： Addison B. Scholes
摘要： A modular gas cleaner can consist of an elongated box having an inlet opening and an outlet opening. The interior of the elongated box is divided into a plurality of elongated passageways by partitioning means within the box. The internal partitions of the box define a plurality of openings so that gas introduced into the inlet opening of the box must travel the length of each passageway prior to passage out of the outlet opening. Electrodes are located within each passageway and electrically isolated from the box to permit the electrodes to be charged to high voltage. The plurality of electrodes are connected with a high voltage supply to create an electrostatic charging and depositing field within the passageways of the box. The gascleaner drain openings provided in the internal partitions which lead to a collecting tank at the low point of the elongated box. Electrical heating means is provided on the outer surface of the box and thermal insulating means surrounds the box and the heating means in order to maintain the fluidity of normally non-fluid material removed from the gas.
摘要翻译： 模块式气体清洁器可以由具有入口开口和出口开口的细长箱体组成。 细长盒的内部通过箱内的分隔装置分成多个细长通道。 箱的内部分隔件限定多个开口，使得引入箱体入口的气体必须在通过出口开口之前经过每个通道的长度。 电极位于每个通道内并与箱电隔离，以允许电极充电至高电压。 多个电极与高压电源连接，以在盒的通道内产生静电充电和沉积场。 设置在内部隔板中的气体清洁器排放开口，其通向细长箱的低点处的收集箱。 电加热装置设置在箱体的外表面上，并且隔热装置围绕箱体和加热装置，以便保持通常从气体中除去的非流体材料的流动性。
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9.发明授权Low helium permeability atomic frequency standard cell and method for forming same 失效低氦磁导率原子频率标准电池及其形成方法
公开(公告)号：US5256995A
公开(公告)日：1993-10-26
申请号：US914394
申请日：1992-07-17
申请人： Addison B. Scholes
发明人： Addison B. Scholes
摘要： An atomic frequency standard cell having low helium permeability includes first and second windows sealed by fusible annular gaskets to sealing surfaces defined by a tubular cylindrical body. One of the windows defines an opening, and a fill tube is sealed the window adjacent the opening by a tube gasket. The gaskets are made of a lower softening point glass such as borosilicate glass, and the body, windows and fill tube are formed of a higher softening point glass such as aluminosilicate glass. The assembly is sealed together by heating it to a temperature that causes the gaskets to fuse and seal the adjacent components together.
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公开(公告)号：US4471016A
公开(公告)日：1984-09-11
申请号：US374121
申请日：1982-05-03
申请人： Addison B. Scholes
发明人： Addison B. Scholes
CPC分类号： C03C17/42 , C03C17/04 , C03C2217/42 , Y10T428/24372 , Y10T428/24851 , Y10T428/24893 , Y10T428/24926 , Y10T428/25 , Y10T428/252
摘要： A method of increasing the abrasion resistance of glass articles is disclosed. It has been found that by providing a vitreous substrate with a micro-roughened surface and an overlayer of dry lubricious organic coating, substantially increased lubricity and abrasion resistance is obtained. When the micro-roughened surface is provided by bonding a discontinuous distribution of discrete particulate material to the surface, a substantial increase in abrasion resistance and lubricity is realized even without the overlayer of dry lubricious coating thereby making the present invention particularly adaptable to use in the hot end of a glassware manufacturing process. Further, when the particulate material is fusible at about the annealing temperature of the glassware and is applied at the hot end, the particulate material will protect the glass surface through the hot end by bearing the major part of any loads created by contact between the glassware and other objects in its transport through the hot end. Upon being annealed, the particulate material will fuse and self-heal itself of any damage caused by such contact.In the preferred embodiment, glass frit of a low-fusing temperature having a size range of between under 1 micron to about 100 microns is applied over between 5 percent and 85 percent of the surface area of glassware. The frit is then fused to the glassware and upon cooling, an overlayer of dry lubricious organic coating is applied. The frit is preferably applied electrostatically while the glass is hot through dry powder deposition or with a liquid carrier. Great uniformity in applying minute amounts of particulate material has been achieved by on-site grinding the particulate material to an air-carriable size with a fluid energy mill. The particulate material is air exhausted from the mill and directly applied thereby avoiding problems presented by agglomeration of the low micron range particles.
摘要翻译： 公开了增加玻璃制品耐磨性的方法。 已经发现，通过提供具有微粗糙表面的玻璃质基材和干燥润滑有机涂层的覆盖层，获得显着增加的润滑性和耐磨性。 当通过将离散颗粒材料的不连续分布结合到表面来提供微粗糙表面时，即使没有干润滑涂层的覆盖层也可实现耐磨性和润滑性的显着增加，从而使本发明特别适用于 玻璃器皿制造过程的热端。 此外，当颗粒材料在大约玻璃器皿的退火温度下是可熔的并且在热端应用时，颗粒材料将通过承受由玻璃制品之间的接触产生的任何负载的主要部分来保护玻璃表面通过热端部分 和其他物体在其运输通过热端。 退火后，颗粒物质将会熔化并自行修复由此类接触引起的任何损坏。 在优选实施例中，将尺寸范围在1微米至约100微米之间的低熔点温度的玻璃料施加在玻璃器皿的表面积的5％至85％之间。 然后将玻璃料熔合到玻璃器皿上，并且在冷却时，施加干燥润滑有机涂层的覆盖层。 当玻璃通过干粉沉积或用液体载体热时，玻璃料优选静电施加。 通过使用流体能量磨机将颗粒材料现场研磨成可携带气体的尺寸，已经实现了施加微量颗粒材料的均匀性。 颗粒材料是从研磨机排出的空气并且直接施加，从而避免了由低微米范围的颗粒附聚而产生的问题。
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