Abstract:
The invention relates to a membrane system which is particular suitable for oxygen generation. It comprises a membrane (14), and a porous substrate (12) for supporting the membrane (14), wherein the substrate (12) comprises pillars (15) and defined channels (16) for bringing a gas in controlled contact with the membrane (14). This membrane system (10) allows a gas flux and is furthermore applicable for small and light devices.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method of generating oxygen. The method addresses the objects of reducing the servicing work and improving the purity of the generated oxygen. According to the invention, the method comprises the steps of: providing an oxygen comprising gas at a primary side of a dense voltage drivable membrane (12); applying a voltage between a conductive element at the primary side of the membrane (12) and a conductive element at a secondary side of the membrane (12), the conductive elements being electrically connected to the membrane (12), wherein a plasma (18, 20) is generated at at least one of the primary side and the secondary side of the membrane (12), the plasma (18, 20) being used as conductive element.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method of generating oxygen. The method addresses the objects of reducing the servicing work and improving the purity of the generated oxygen. According to the invention, the method comprises the steps of: providing an oxygen comprising gas at a primary side of a dense voltage drivable membrane (12); applying a voltage between a conductive element at the primary side of the membrane (12) and a conductive element at a secondary side of the membrane (12), the conductive elements being electrically connected to the membrane (12), wherein a plasma (18, 20) is generated at at least one of the primary side and the secondary side of the membrane (12), the plasma (18, 20) being used as conductive element.
Abstract:
A low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp is provided with a light-transmitting discharge vessel, enclosing, in a gastight manner, a discharge space provided with a filling of mercury and a rare gas. The discharge vessel comprises means for maintaining a discharge in the discharge space. At least a portion of an inner wall of the discharge vessel is provided with a translucent layer which-according to the invention has a thickness in the range from 1 to 50 μm and comprises an alkaline-earth-borate.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method of generating oxygen. The method addresses the objects of reducing the servicing work and improving the purity of the generated oxygen. According to the invention, the method comprises the steps of: providing an oxygen comprising gas at a primary side of a dense voltage drivable membrane; applying a voltage between a conductive element at the primary side of the membrane and a conductive element at a secondary side of the membrane, the conductive elements being electrically connected to the membrane, wherein a plasma is generated at at least one of the primary side and the secondary side of the membrane, the plasma being used as conductive element.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the field of production of barium-scandate dispenser cathodes or other barium-scan-date materials. A target (66) containing a mixture of BaO, CaO, Al2O3 and SC2O3 tends to be more stable, the higher the scandia (scandium oxide) content is. However, an increased scandia content results in a reduced emission capability. A destabilizing effect of BaO and CaO reactions is counteracted by the more inert SC2O3 and also AI2O3 components, as not only an increased scandia content stabilizes the material but also an increased alumina (aluminum oxide) content improves the stability.
Abstract translation:本发明涉及钡 - 钪酸盐分配器阴极或其它钡扫描日期材料的生产领域。 包含BaO,CaO,Al 2 O 3和SC 2 O 3的混合物的靶(66)倾向于更稳定,所述Scandia(钪氧化物)含量越高。 然而,增加的scandia含量会降低排放能力。 BaO和CaO反应的不稳定作用被更为惰性的SC2O3和Al2O3组分所抵消,因为不仅增加了Scandia含量,而且氧化铝(氧化铝)含量的增加也提高了稳定性。
Abstract:
A low-pressure mercury-vapor discharge lamp is provided with a discharge vessel (10). The discharge vessel (10) encloses a discharge space (11) provided with a filling of mercury and an inert gas in a gastight manner. The discharge vessel (10) is provided with an amalgam which communicates with the discharge space (11). The discharge lamp comprises means for maintaining an electric discharge in the discharge vessel (10). The discharge lamp is characterized in that the amalgam comprises a bismuth-lead amalgam having a lead content in the range from 35≦Pb≦60 at. %, a bismuth content in the range from 40≦Bi≦65 at. %, and a mercury content in the range from 0.05≦Hg≦1 at. %. Preferably, the amalgam additionally comprises gold with a gold content in the range from 0.1≦Au≦20 at. %. Preferably, the gold content is in the range from 8≦Au≦12 at. %. The lamp according to the invention exhibits a comparatively high initial radiation output and a short run-up time in combination with a relatively high radiation output at nominal lamp operation, which is achieved in a comparatively large temperature interval.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an arrangement for separating oxygen from an oxygen containing gas. It comprises a membrane unit (12), and an electrode unit (24). The membrane unit (12) comprises a porous substrate (20), a dense membrane (14) and at least one electrode (18), wherein the porous substrate (20) is directed towards the electrode unit (24), and wherein the electrode unit (24) comprises at least one electrode comprising at least one rotatable electrode wing (26) being at least partially electrically conductive. An arrangement according to the invention allows to separate oxygen with improved efficiency and improved convenience with respect to maintenance and noise.
Abstract:
A lithographic projection apparatus includes a radiation system for providing a projection beam of radiation having a wavelength λ1 smaller than 50 nm; a support structure for supporting patterning structure, the patterning structure serving to pattern the projection beam according to a desired pattern; a substrate table for holding a substrate; and a projection system for projecting the patterned beam onto a target portion of the substrate. The apparatus further includes a radiation sensor which is located so as to be able to receive radiation out of the projection beam, said sensor comprising a radiation-sensitive material which converts incident radiation of wavelength λ1 into secondary radiation; and sensing means capable of detecting said secondary radiation emerging from said layer.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an arrangement for separating oxygen from an oxygen containing gas. It comprises a membrane unit (12), and an electrode unit (24). The membrane unit (12) comprises a porous substrate (20), a dense membrane (14) and at least one electrode (18), wherein the porous substrate (20) is directed towards the electrode unit (24), and wherein the electrode unit (24) comprises at least one electrode comprising at least one rotatable electrode wing (26) being at least partially electrically conductive. An arrangement according to the invention allows to separate oxygen with improved efficiency and improved convenience with respect to maintenance and noise.