摘要:
Complexes in powder form of iodine and a crosslinked polymer based on N-vinyl compounds are obtainable by dry heating of iodine and a polymer which is obtained by polymerization of monovinyl compounds (monomers A) whose vinyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom of a nitrogen-containing heterocycle, in the presence of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the monomers (A), of a compound (B) of the formula I; where A is —CH— or a nitrogen atom, and n is 2 or 3. The complexes are suitable for producing antidiarrheals.
摘要:
Graft polymers which contain N-vinyl units and in which the grafting base is a polymer which contains in each case at least 5% by weight of units of the formulae ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, monoethylenically unsaturated monomers are grafted onto the grafting base in a weight ratio of from 100:1 to 1:100, and which have K values of at least 7 (determined according to H. Fikentscher in 5% strength by weight aqueous solution at 25.degree. C. and pH 7), are prepared by polymerization of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of polymers which in each case contain at least 5% by weight of units of the formulae I and/or II as the grafting base in a weight ratio of from 100:1 to 1:100, and are used as dispersants for pigments, as additives for detergents and cleaning agents, and strength agents for paper and as soil stabilizers and for fertilizer compaction.
摘要:
Maleimide/.alpha.-olefin copolymers are composed of structural units I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is a tetramethylpiperidinyl radical of the formula II ##STR2## R.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, formyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkanoyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkoxy, C.sub.5 - or C.sub.6 -cycloalkoxy, cyanomethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, benzyl or a radical of the formula --CR.sup.4 =CH--CO--OR.sup.5, R.sup.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or a radical of the formula --CO--OR.sup.5, and R.sup.5 is C.sub.5 -C.sub.18 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.18 -aralkyl, phenyl or tolyl, and up to 8 mol %, based on II, of R.sup.1 may furthermore be hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alkyl or C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, and R.sup.2 is a mixture of C.sub.14 -C.sub.28 -alkyl groups, where two of these alkyl groups, which may differ by no more than two carbon atoms, each account for at least 30% of this mixture, having an average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 50,000. The copolymers described are suitable as light stabilizers and stabilizers for organic material, in particular plastics and coatings.
摘要:
Nitrile impurities are eliminated from polymers which contain acyclic N-vinyl-carboxamide and/or vinylamine units by treating the polymers with at least one oxidizing agent a) with exposure to light and/or b) in the presence of heavy metal ions.
摘要:
Graft polymers are obtainable by free radical polymerization of(A) monomers or monomer mixtures of(a) from 10 to 100% by weight of open-chain N-vinylcarboxamides(b) from 0 to 90% by weight of other, carboxyl-free monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which are copolymerizable with the monomers (a) and(c) from 0 to 5% by weight of monomers containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated, non-conjugated double bonds in the molecule, in the presence of(B) natural substances containing saccharide structures, such as mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides,in a weight ratio (A):(B) of from 95:5 to 20:80 and, if required, subsequent hydrolysis of the amido groups of the polymerized monomers (a) of the graft polymer with formation of amino groups, and said polymers are used as dry and wet strength agents for paper, board and cardboard.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of copolymers which contain monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids as copolymerized monomer units, which comprises copolymerizinga) 10 to 60% by weight, based on the sum of the monomers, of a monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid of 4 to 6 carbon atoms, -or an alkali metal salt thereof or, an anhydride thereof,b) 90 to 40% by weight of a monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid of 3 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkali metal salt thereof andc) 0 to 20% by weight of another monoethylenically unsaturated monomer, not having carboxyl groups and which is copolymerizable with a) and b);in an aqueous medium in the presence of from 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on monomers, of a water-soluble initiator.
摘要:
Copolymers which containa) from 50 to 90% by weight of C.sub.8 -C.sub.40 -alkyl methacrylates, vinyl esters of C.sub.8 -C.sub.40 -carboxylic acids or mixtures thereof andb) from 10 to 50% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 -carboxylic acids, monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides, monoesters or monoamides of monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 -dicarboxylic acids, amides of C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 -monocarboxylic acids or mixtures thereofas copolymerized units and have molecular masses of from 500 to 30,000 are used in at least partially neutralized form in aqueous solution or dispersion for making leather and furs water repellent.
摘要:
Paper, board and cardboard are produced from paper stocks containing foreign substances by drainage in the presence of a polymer which contains, as typical polymerized constituents, units of the formulae ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, and which have K values of not less than 130, the polymers containing less than 10 mol % of units of the formula II.
摘要:
Liquid, alkaline detergent formulations which contain as essential constituents a surfactant, water and 0.1-20% by weight of partially esterified copolymers are obtainable by the copolymerization of(a) one or more C.sub.4 -C.sub.28 -olefins and(b) ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides of from 4 to 8 carbon atomsin a molar ratio of 1:1 and subsequent partial esterification of the copolymers of the reaction products(A) C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 -alcohols, C.sub.8 -C.sub.22 fatty acids, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkylphenols or secondary C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 -amines with(B) one or more C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylene oxides or tetrahydrofuranin a molar ratio of (A):(B) of from 1:2 to 1:50 and hydrolysis of the anhydride groups of the copolymer to carboxyl groups, the partial esterification of the copolymers being carried on until more than 5 to 50% of the carboxyl groups of the copolymers have been esterified.
摘要:
Water-soluble copolymers containing copolymerized vinylamine units are prepared by copolymerizing (a) from 95 to 10 mol % of N-vinylformamide and (b) from 5 to 90 mol % of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl vinyl ethers, the esters, nitriles and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone, and then eliminating from 30 to 100 mol % of the formyl groups from the copolymer. Preferred copolymers are copolymers of N-vinylformamide and vinyl acetate, in which from 30 to 100 mol % of the monomer units are hydrolyzed. The copolymers are used in papermaking to increase the dry strength and wet strength of the paper.