摘要:
A gas bearing system comprising two opposing substantially parallel bearing surfaces (2, 3) and at least one gas duct (6) for supplying gas through an orifice (7) to the bearing gap (5) between the bearing surfaces (2, 3). At least one of the bearing surfaces (2, 3) is provided with at least one cavity (8, 9) extending over 0.3 mm2 to 3 mm2 of the at least one bearing surface (2, 3). The content of the cavity (8, 9) may be between 0.3 mm3 and 4 mm3. The gas duct (6) may supply gas to the cavity (8) through an orifice (7) in the wall of the cavity (8).
摘要:
The invention relates to a system (1) for detecting motion of a body (2) comprising a first elongated grating strip (4) coupled to said body and a separate and substantially stationary second elongated grating strip (5) crossing said first elongated grating strip. The system further comprises optical detection means (6) arranged to receive one or more light beams diffracted at said first and second elongated grating strips to detect motion of said body. The invention further relates to a method for detecting motion of a body (2) and to a body processing or inspection system.
摘要:
A temperature regulation method and system (100) includes a reservoir (112) having a fluid with a temperature of a value such that, within a control range of a local temperature controller, a local set point temperature is achievable. A piping system (101) delivers the fluid from the reservoir to one or more elements needing temperature control. A heat generator/removal device (110) in one of the fluid paths is disposed at or near an element needing temperature control. For each heat generator/removal device, a local temperature controller (116) and a feedback sensor (114) are configured to control the heat generator/removal device such that an amount of heat exchanged with the fluid, at or near the element needing temperature control, results in a local temperature, monitored by the control feedback sensor to be locally and accurately maintained at the local set point temperature.
摘要:
The invention relates to a system (1) for detecting motion of a body (2) comprising a first elongated grating strip (4) coupled to said body and a separate and substantially stationary second elongated grating strip (5) crossing said first elongated grating strip. The system further comprises optical detection means (6) arranged to receive one or more light beams diffracted at said first and second elongated grating strips to detect motion of said body. The invention further relates to a method for detecting motion of a body (2) and to a body processing or inspection system.
摘要:
Method and device for rotating a wafer which is arranged floating in a reactor. The wafer is treated in a reactor of this nature, and it is important for this treatment to be carried out as uniformly as possible. For this purpose, it is proposed to rotate the wafer by allowing the gas flow to emerge perpendicular to the surface of the wafer and then to impart to this gas a component which is tangential with respect to the wafer, thus generating rotation. This tangential component may be generated by the provision of grooves, which may be of spiral or circular design.
摘要:
Actuator arrangement with an actuator (8), a reference mass (22), a spring (24) and a first sensor (26; 42, 43; 32, 36). The actuator (8) applies a force between a first object (2) and to a second object (16; 54). The reference mass (22) is, in use, supported by a third object (16; 56) by means of the spring (24). The first sensor (26; 42, 43; 32, 36) generates a first distance signal that depends on a first distance (z2; z5, z6; z3, z4) between the reference mass (22) and the first object (2) and is applied to a controller (6) to actuate the actuator (8).
摘要:
Method and device for rotating a wafer which is arranged floating in a reactor. The wafer is treated in a reactor of this nature, and it is important for this treatment to be carried out as uniformly as possible. For this purpose, it is proposed to rotate the wafer by allowing the gas flow to emerge perpendicular to the surface of the wafer and then to impart to this gas a component which is tangential with respect to the wafer, thus generating rotation. This tangential component may be generated by the provision of grooves, which may be of spiral or circular design.
摘要:
Precision measuring apparatus like Co-ordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) are very susceptible to deformations due to temperature variations and gradients. In a known CCM such variations are counteracted by providing parts of the apparatus with an insulating PUR layer. According to the invention the metrology frame 2 of the measuring apparatus is provided with a heat shield 12, 15 which includes an inner layer 12, having a comparatively high heat resistance, and an outer layer (14) which has a comparatively low heat resistance. Temperature gradients causing deformations of the metrology frame 2 are thus effectively reduced, whereas homogeneous temperature variations can be easily compensated for by means of software correction. Moreover, the shield acts as a low-pass filter which reduces the temperature disturbances due to short-term heat inputs.
摘要:
The invention relates to a suction unit and relates to a vacuum cleaner. The suction unit comprises a drive system for driving the suction unit over a surface to be treated; a chassis supporting the drive system; a nozzle for removing particles from a surface to be treated which nozzle is configured to move with relation to the chassis in a direction away from the surface to be treated, the nozzle having an interior space defining an opening that faces the surface to be treated; and an outlet communicating with the interior space, the outlet being arranged for communication with a fan unit in operating conditions. The suction unit further comprises coupling means for coupling the nozzle to the chassis, wherein the coupling means is arranged to exert a force that is directed away from the surface to be treated when the under pressure in the interior space increases. In this manner the problem of the suction unit getting stuck on the floor can be overcome or at least be reduced. Furthermore the traction of the drive system can be improved. An autonomous vacuum cleaner according to the invention comprises such a suction unit and further comprises a dust chamber, and a fan unit that communicates with the dust chamber, the fan unit communicating with the outlet for creating under pressure in the interior space of the nozzle in operating conditions.
摘要:
In a lithographic projection apparatus, a measuring system configured to measure the position of the projection system relative to a reference frame includes sensors rigidly mounted in relation to counterpart sensors of a measuring system measuring the substrate table position. An angular encoder which sends light from a target down two optical paths having opposite sensitivities to tilt is used to measure rotation of the projection system about its optical axis.