公开(公告)号：US20100213867A1

公开(公告)日：2010-08-26

申请号：US12669050

申请日：2007-07-16

Applicant: Marko Kaening ,  Bernhard Schalk ,  Steffen Franke ,  Ralf-Peter Methling

Inventor： Marko Kaening ,  Bernhard Schalk ,  Steffen Franke ,  Ralf-Peter Methling

IPC: H01J61/16 ,  H01J61/30 ,  H05B41/14

CPC classification number: H01J61/125 ,  H01J61/827

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp may include a discharge vessel, which contains: electrodes, at least one noble gas as a start gas, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, In, Mg, Tl, Hg, and Zn for arc transfer and discharge vessel wall heating, and at least one rare earth halide for the generation of radiation, which is configured such that the generated light is dominated by molecular radiation, wherein at least one member of a first group of rare earth halides is used together with at least one member of a second group of rare earth halides, the first group having the property that the color distance decreases with a power increase when the power of the lamp is increased in a predetermined power interval, and the second group having the property that the color distance increases with a power increase when the power of the lamp is increased in this predetermined power interval.

Abstract translation: 高压放电灯可以包括放电容器，其包含：电极，至少一种惰性气体作为起始气体，至少一种选自Al，In，Mg，Tl，Hg和Zn的元素，用于 电弧转移和放电容器壁加热，以及用于产生辐射的至少一种稀土卤化物，其被配置为使得所产生的光由分子辐射支配，其中使用第一组稀土卤化物的至少一种成分 与第二组稀土卤化物的至少一个构件一起，第一组具有当灯的功率以预定功率间隔增加时颜色距离随着功率增加而减小的性质，并且第二组具有 当在该预定功率间隔中增加灯的功率时，颜色距离随功率增加而增加的特性。

公开(公告)号：US06446601B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-10

申请号：US09700290

申请日：2001-02-16

Applicant: Steffen Franke ,  Oskar Torno ,  Carsten Kluth ,  Werner Haeming ,  Iwan Surjadi ,  Michael Baeuerle

Inventor： Steffen Franke ,  Oskar Torno ,  Carsten Kluth ,  Werner Haeming ,  Iwan Surjadi ,  Michael Baeuerle

IPC: F02P1152

CPC classification number: F02P5/1521 ,  F02D2250/22 ,  Y02T10/46

Abstract: A method for ignition control is described in which the load gradient is determined. The load gradient is compared with a first specifiable dynamic threshold and the ignition control variable is additively retarded by application of an adaptable dynamic derivative action if the load gradient exceeds the first dynamic threshold. If the load gradient exceeds a second specifiable dynamic threshold and no knock occurs, then the output dynamic derivative action is reduced so that the ignition is advanced again.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种确定负载梯度的点火控制方法。 将负载梯度与第一可指定动态阈值进行比较，并且如果负载梯度超过第一动态阈值，则点火控制变量通过应用适应性动态导数动作而被相加地延迟。 如果负载梯度超过第二个可指定的动态阈值，并且不会发生爆震，则输出动态微分作用减小，从而再次提升点火。

公开(公告)号：US06267100B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-31

申请号：US09445173

申请日：2000-03-13

Applicant: Oskar Torno ,  Carsten Kluth ,  Werner Haeming ,  Steffen Franke ,  Michael Baeuerle

Inventor： Oskar Torno ,  Carsten Kluth ,  Werner Haeming ,  Steffen Franke ,  Michael Baeuerle

IPC: F02P5152

CPC classification number: F02D41/1497 ,  F02P5/1521 ,  Y02T10/46

Abstract: A device for suppressing knocks in internal combustion engines, in which the ignition firing point is adjusted after knocking has occurred, and this knock control is only activated in response to specifiable thermal conditions in the internal combustion engine. The gas-inlet temperature in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is ascertained for the valuation of the thermal conditions of the internal combustion engine and for switching the knock control into the active state.

Abstract translation: 一种用于抑制内燃机爆震的装置，其中点火点在爆震之后被调节，并且该爆震控制仅仅是响应于内燃机中可指定的热条件而激活。 确定内燃机的燃烧室中的气体入口温度用于内燃机的热条件的估值，并将爆震控制转换为活动状态。

公开(公告)号：US06261382B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-17

申请号：US09495795

申请日：2000-02-01

Applicant: Eckhard Marx ,  Detlef Gerhard ,  Steffen Franke

Inventor： Eckhard Marx ,  Detlef Gerhard ,  Steffen Franke

IPC: H01L2930

CPC classification number: H01L23/544 ,  H01L2223/54433 ,  H01L2223/54473 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

Abstract: A wafer marking is disclosed, which is represented by a large number of soft marks incorporated into a surface of a wafer. The soft marks each have a depth of at least 4 &mgr;m, an internal diameter of at least 50 &mgr;m and, in a particularly advantageous manner, a minimum gradient their surface of 0.2. These depressions can be proded, using appropriate technology, with depths of up to &mgr;m.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种晶片标记，其由并入晶片表面的大量软标记表示。 软标记各自具有至少4μm的深度，至少50μm的内径，并且以特别有利的方式，其表面为0.2的最小梯度。 这些凹陷可以使用适当的技术，深度达到妈妈。

公开(公告)号：US06220232B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-24

申请号：US09381711

申请日：1999-12-06

Applicant: Oskar Torno ,  Carsten Kluth ,  Werner Häming ,  Iwan Surjadi ,  Steffen Franke ,  Michael Bäuerle

Inventor： Oskar Torno ,  Carsten Kluth ,  Werner Häming ,  Iwan Surjadi ,  Steffen Franke ,  Michael Bäuerle

IPC: F02B3300

CPC classification number: F02D23/00 ,  F02D41/0007 ,  F02D2041/1409 ,  Y02T10/144

Abstract: To achieve a very sturdy automatic control of the boost pressure, the integration of system deviation of the boost pressure, which is carried out by an integrator, is limited to a predefinable limiting value. Limiting value is composed of a basic value and a correction value superimposed upon it. Correction value is determined adaptively as a function of speed, a plurality of speed ranges being predefined. Adapted correction value can be increased or reduced stepwise, which mainly depends on whether the integral-action component of the manipulated variable for the boost pressure is smaller or greater than the current limiting value.

Abstract translation: 为了实现对增压压力的非常坚固的自动控制，由积分器进行的增压压力的系统偏差的积分被限制在可预定的极限值。 限制值由叠加在其上的基本值和校正值组成。 作为速度的函数自适应地确定校正值，预定义多个速度范围。 适应的校正值可以逐步增加或减小，这主要取决于用于增压压力的操纵变量的积分作用分量是否小于或大于限流值。

公开(公告)号：US6132693A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-17

申请号：US930868

申请日：1997-10-06

Applicant: Werner Gruenwald ,  Klaus Dieterich ,  Steffen Franke

Inventor： Werner Gruenwald ,  Klaus Dieterich ,  Steffen Franke

IPC: B01D53/22 ,  F02M25/12 ,  F02M35/12 ,  C01B21/00 ,  B01D9/00 ,  B01D47/00 ,  B01D50/00 ,  B01D53/02 ,  B01D59/12 ,  B01D59/26

CPC classification number: B01D53/22 ,  B01D53/226 ,  B01D53/229 ,  B01D63/06 ,  F02M25/12 ,  B01D2257/404 ,  B01D2313/16 ,  Y02T10/121

Abstract: A process for reducing pollutants, particularly nitrogen oxides from combustion gases during a combustion process that takes place while oxygen is supplied, includes providing oxygen needed for the combustion process by separating oxygen from a gas mixture containing oxygen and nitrogen in a two-step process including (a) enriching the gas mixture with oxygen in a first step to provide an enriched gas mixture; and (b) separating oxygen out of the enriched gas mixture in a second step, wherein, during at least one step oxygen depleted gas mixture is removed via an outlet provided with permeability means that cause the outlet to have a higher permeability for nitrogen than oxygen. A device for carrying out this process includes a device for separating oxygen out of a gas mixture containing oxygen and nitrogen including a housing having an inlet for the gas mixture; an outlet for the oxygen separated out of the gas mixture; and first and second apparatuses which have a respectively different permeability for oxygen and nitrogen, and which divide the device into first, second, and third chambers, wherein at least the second chamber is connected to an outlet provided with a permeability device that cause the outlet to have a higher permeability for nitrogen than for oxygen.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / DE96 / 00643 Sec。 371日期：1997年10月6日 102（e）日期1997年10月6日PCT 1996年4月6日PCT PCT。 公开号WO96 / 32181 日期1996年10月17日在供氧过程中发生的燃烧过程中，从燃烧气体中减少污染物，特别是氮氧化物的方法包括通过从氧气和氮气的气体混合物中分离氧来提供燃烧过程所需的氧气 两步法包括（a）在第一步骤中用氧浓缩气体混合物以提供富集的气体混合物; 和（b）在第二步骤中将氧气从富集气体混合物中分离出来，其中在至少一个步骤期间通过具有渗透性装置的出口除去贫氧气体混合物，所述渗透装置使出口比氮气具有比氧更高的渗透性 。 用于执行该方法的装置包括用于从包含氧气和氮气的气体混合物中分离氧气的装置，包括具有用于气体混合物的入口的壳体; 从气体混合物中分离出的氧的出口; 以及第一和第二装置，其对于氧气和氮气具有不同的渗透性，并且将装置分成第一，第二和第三室，其中至少第二室连接到具有导电装置的出口， 具有比氧气更高的氮渗透性。

公开(公告)号：US07051711B2

公开(公告)日：2006-05-30

申请号：US10344469

申请日：2001-08-03

Applicant: Juergen Sauler ,  Steffen Franke ,  Stefan Unland ,  Oskar Torno ,  Axel Heinstein ,  Carsten Kluth ,  Werner Haeming ,  Michael Baeuerle

Inventor： Juergen Sauler ,  Steffen Franke ,  Stefan Unland ,  Oskar Torno ,  Axel Heinstein ,  Carsten Kluth ,  Werner Haeming ,  Michael Baeuerle

IPC: G01L23/22 ,  G01M15/00 ,  F02P5/00

CPC classification number: F02P5/152 ,  F02P5/1522 ,  G01L23/225 ,  Y02T10/46

Abstract: Devices and methods for knock detection and knock control are described, in which, in addition to the customary component parts, the knock-detection circuit has a filter with switchable filter characteristic. The switchover of the filter characteristic, i.e. the shift, for example, of the mid-frequency of the filter, is carried out taking into consideration specifiable quantities or parameters, for instance, as a function of rotational speed. During the switchover of the filter characteristic, i.e. the shift of the mid-frequency, problems could occur in the knock detection; that is why measures are proposed which carry out the knock detection according to a special knock-detection algorithm during a switchover phase lasting a specifiable time.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于爆震检测和爆震控制的装置和方法，其中除了常规部件之外，爆震检测电路具有具有可切换滤波器特性的滤波器。 滤波器特性的切换，例如滤波器的中频的偏移，是考虑到可指定的量或参数，例如作为转速的函数进行的。 在滤波器特性的切换过程中，即中频偏移，可能在爆震检测中出现问题; 这就是为什么提出了在切换期间根据特殊的爆震检测算法执行爆震检测的措施，持续了可指定的时间。

公开(公告)号：US06735552B2

公开(公告)日：2004-05-11

申请号：US09980140

申请日：2002-03-01

Applicant: Steffen Franke ,  Kristina Eberle ,  Carsten Kluth ,  Detlef Heinrich ,  Thomas Edelmann

Inventor： Steffen Franke ,  Kristina Eberle ,  Carsten Kluth ,  Detlef Heinrich ,  Thomas Edelmann

IPC: G06F1130

CPC classification number: F02D41/22 ,  Y02T10/40

Abstract: A method for error detection and error correction in the monitoring of measurement values is disclosed, in which the value to be tested is checked for plausibility in an evaluation device, for example a computer, and in the event that an implausibility is identified, the existence of an error is determined. If a further check finds that the error no longer exists, then an error correction takes place. A prerequisite for the error correction, however, is that the range of the value to be monitored in which the error has occurred is also the range in which a current error is no longer occurring. In an expanded method, a differentiation is also made between different errors and an error correction is only possible if it involves the same type of error.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于测量值监视中的错误检测和误差校正的方法，其中对评估装置（例如计算机）中的似真性进行检查，并且在识别出不可信性的情况下检查待测值 确定错误。 如果进一步检查发现错误不再存在，则会发生纠错。 然而，纠错的先决条件是发生错误的要监视的值的范围也是不再发生当前错误的范围。 在扩展的方法中，也在不同误差之间进行区分，并且仅当涉及相同类型的错误时才可能进行纠错。

公开(公告)号：US06729300B2

公开(公告)日：2004-05-04

申请号：US10048523

申请日：2002-05-24

Applicant: Steffen Franke ,  Martin Haussmann

Inventor： Steffen Franke ,  Martin Haussmann

IPC: F02P500

CPC classification number: F02P5/1523 ,  Y02T10/46

Abstract: A method for regulating knocking in an internal combustion engine, particularly of a motor vehicle, has the following steps: determining a knocking combustion for a calculated first base ignition angle in one or more cylinders of the internal combustion engine originated from a previous operating condition; and setting a new, second base ignition angle taking into account the existing operating condition. A query concerning the relative sizes of a setpoint ignition angle for efficiency reduction and the first base ignition angle is provided for setting the second base ignition angle to allow for knocking regulation which is favorable to the operation. If the setpoint ignition angle is smaller than the base ignition angle, an ignition angle retardation is performed with an adjustment value that must be adjusted, and which is given by the sum of a previously determined, constant retardation value and an adjusted, variable retardation value.

Abstract translation: 一种用于调节内燃机，特别是机动车辆的敲击的方法，具有以下步骤：确定来自先前操作条件的内燃机的一个或多个气缸中的计算的第一基点火角的爆震燃烧; 并根据现有的运行状况设置新的第二个基准点火角。 提供关于用于效率降低的设定点点火角和第一基点火角度的相对尺寸的查询用于设定第二基点火角以允许有利于操作的爆震调节。 如果设定点火点角小于基本点火角，则以调整值进行点火角延迟，该调整值由预先确定的恒定相位差和调整后的可变延迟值之和给出 。

公开(公告)号：US6161523A

公开(公告)日：2000-12-19

申请号：US308208

申请日：1999-08-20

Applicant: Stefan Unland ,  Oskar Torno ,  Robert Sloboda ,  Werner Haeming ,  Iwan Surjadi ,  Michael Baeuerle ,  Steffen Franke

Inventor： Stefan Unland ,  Oskar Torno ,  Robert Sloboda ,  Werner Haeming ,  Iwan Surjadi ,  Michael Baeuerle ,  Steffen Franke

IPC: F02P5/152 ,  F02P5/153 ,  F02P5/00

CPC classification number: F02P5/1523 ,  F02P5/1521 ,  Y02T10/46

Abstract: A method for determining the ignition point in ignition systems for internal combustion engines, having integrated knock control, a basic ignition point being determined on the basis of measured operating parameters using a stored characteristic map. The knock control, after engine knock has occurred, determines a knock control ignition point, which is more retarded than the basic ignition point, the knock control ignition point, in response to knock-free combustions, being altered step-by-step so as to be more advanced. Furthermore, a torque interface is integrated, which on the basis of the operating parameters and/or the demands placed by the driver, determines a torque-optimized ignition point, and the knock control ignition point being the most advanced permissible ignition point which is issued by the control unit.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / DE98 / 02240 Sec。 371日期1999年8月20日 102（e）1999年8月20日PCT PCT 1998年8月4日PCT公布。 WO99 /​​ 14488 PCT公开号 1999年3月25日一种用于确定具有综合爆震控制的内燃机点火系统中的点火点的方法，使用存储的特征图基于测量的操作参数确定基本点火点。 爆震控制在发动机爆震发生后，确定爆震控制点火点，比基本点火点延迟更多，爆震控制点火点响应无爆燃燃烧，逐步改变为 要更先进。 此外，集成了扭矩接口，其基于驾驶员的操作参数和/或要求，确定扭矩优化的点火点，并且爆震控制点火点是发出的最先进的允许点火点 由控制单元。