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    Optimized fins for convective heat transfer
    1.
    发明授权
    Optimized fins for convective heat transfer 失效
    用于对流换热的优化翅片

    公开(公告)号：US06668915B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-12-30

    申请号：US09671531

    申请日：2000-09-27

    申请人： Peter Albert Materna

    发明人： Peter Albert Materna

    IPC分类号： F28F1300

    CPC分类号： F28F1/10 ,  F28F3/02 ,  F28F13/06 ,  Y10S165/903

    摘要： An arrangement of fins or other convective heat transfer surfaces which provides an improved value of heat transfer per unit pressure drop of the flowing fluid, for a defined geometric envelope. There are at least two flowpaths in parallel. Each flowpath contains a wide densely-surfaced region, called a heat transfer region, which accomplishes heat transfer at a reduced velocity whereby the ratio of heat transfer to pressure drop for that region is improved. In series with that region, in the same flowpath, is a narrow sparsely-surfaced region, called a fluid flow region, which serves to transport the fluid, at higher velocity but with minimal pressure drop, through the region(s) not densely-surfaced. The respective wide and narrow regions can be oppositely placed so that the overall arrangement maintains a constant width dimension so as to resemble conventional design. The invention is applicable to both forced and natural convection, and to laminar transition or turbulent flow, and is particularly applicable to gas side heat exchange.

    摘要翻译： 翅片或其他对流传热表面的布置，其提供流动流体的每单位压降的热传递值的改进值，用于限定的几何包络。 至少有两条流路并行。 每个流路都包含一个宽密的表面区域，称为传热区域，其以降低的速度实现热传递，从而改善该区域的热传递与压降的比率。 与该区域相同的是，在相同的流路中，是一个狭窄的稀疏表面区域，称为流体流动区域，其用于以更高的速度，但是以最小的压降输送流体，通过不密集的区域， 浮出水面 相应的宽和窄区域可以相对放置，使得整体布置保持恒定的宽度尺寸，以类似于常规设计。 本发明适用于强制和自然对流以及层流过渡或湍流，特别适用于气体侧热交换。

    Blackbody source using a heat pipe principle and transition region
    2.
    发明授权
    Blackbody source using a heat pipe principle and transition region 失效
    黑体源采用热管原理和过渡区

    公开(公告)号：US06390668B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-05-21

    申请号：US09602947

    申请日：2000-06-26

    申请人： Peter Albert Materna

    发明人： Peter Albert Materna

    IPC分类号： G01K1500

    CPC分类号： F27D7/06 ,  B23K1/008 ,  F27B17/0016 ,  F27D19/00 ,  F27D21/0014 ,  F27D99/0075 ,  F27D2007/063 ,  F28D15/02

    摘要： A source of thermal radiation for calibrating or testing infrared thermometers or detectors, in which improved temperature uniformity of the radiation-emitting surface is achieved by supplying heat to that surface by condensation of a working fluid as in a heat pipe. With appropriate selection of the working fluid, a wide range of temperatures is possible. Air convection currents at the radiation-emitting opening of the device may be suppressed by creation of a transition region of heated air by a baffle and air heater, further improving the temperature uniformity of the radiation-emitting surface.

    摘要翻译： 用于校准或测试红外温度计或检测器的热辐射源，其中辐射发射表面的温度均匀性提高是通过如在热管中的工作流体的冷凝向该表面供热来实现的。 通过适当选择工作流体，可以有多种温度范围。 可以通过由挡板和空气加热器产生加热空气的过渡区域来抑制装置的辐射发射开口处的空气对流，进一步改善辐射发射表面的温度均匀性。

    Flowmeter based on pressure drop across parallel geometry using boundary layer flow including Reynolds numbers above the laminar range
    4.
    发明授权
    Flowmeter based on pressure drop across parallel geometry using boundary layer flow including Reynolds numbers above the laminar range 失效
    流量计基于跨平行几何形状的压降，使用边界层流，包括层流范围以上的雷诺数

    公开(公告)号：US06601460B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-08-05

    申请号：US09328730

    申请日：1999-06-09

    申请人： Peter Albert Materna

    发明人： Peter Albert Materna

    IPC分类号： G01F137

    CPC分类号： G01F1/40

    摘要： A flowmeter based on the pressure difference across a flow resistance element which is an array of surfaces generally parallel to the flow direction, which is operated such that over at least part of its range the Reynolds number is larger than the traditional limiting Reynolds number for laminar flow of approximately 2000. Also, the L/D ratio is shorter than in a traditional laminar flow element, so that for at least part of its range its operation is determined by the behavior of boundary layers forming on those surfaces. Such a flow resistance element provides a pressure drop vs. flowrate relationship which over a wide range of flow conditions is less steep than quadratic. This allows a larger flowrate turndown ratio for a given range of differential pressure measurement. The flowmeter may additionally comprise other sensors and a microprocessor.

    摘要翻译： 基于流动阻力元件上的压力差的流量计，该流量阻力元件是大致平行于流动方向的表面阵列，其操作使得在其范围的至少一部分上雷诺数大于层流的传统限制雷诺数 此外，L / D比比传统的层流元件短，因此对于其至少一部分范围，其操作由在这些表面上形成的边界层的行为决定。 这种流动阻力元件提供了压降与流量关系，其在宽的流动条件范围内比二次方程不太陡。 这允许在给定范围的差压测量中具有较大的流量调节比。 流量计可以另外包括其他传感器和微处理器。