摘要:
The present invention relates to the industrial production of vinylene carbonate (VC) by elimination of hydrogen chloride from chloroethylene glycol carbonate (CGC) with tertiary amines in the absence of relatively large amounts of additional solvent.
摘要:
A steering drive system includes a drive arrangement having a first drive and a second drive, a summing gear unit for summing driving torques of the drives on an output shaft of the summing gear unit, a first drive connection device by which the first drive is drivingly connected to a first input shaft of the summing gear unit, and a second drive connection device by which the second drive is drivingly connected to a second input shaft of the summing gear unit. The two drive connection devices are arranged in each instance such that no driving torque directed to the drives from the summing gear unit can be transmitted to the drives during a continuously produced drive connection between the drives and the summing gear unit.
摘要:
A method for controlling an electromechanical actuator includes providing an actuator having an actuating element and an actuating drive. The actuating drive has at least one electromagnet with a coil, a movable armature plate, a regulator having current through the coil as a controlled variable, and at least one resetter prestressing the armature plate into a predetermined rest position with the actuating drive. A first capture value is predetermined as a set value of the current through the first or second coil. A second capture value is predetermined as a set value when a first condition is satisfied. A holding value (I_H) is predetermined as a set value when a second condition is satisfied. The second capture value is greater than the holding value.
摘要:
A cooling device for an arrangement with at least one electric component, particularly power electronics (1), for a vehicle, wherein the arrangement can be cooled by a fluid (2) using the method of evaporative cooling, includes a heat engine (4), in particular a steam turbine or a displacement machine for expanding fluid that is evaporated during evaporative cooling.
摘要:
What are described are insect- and mite-repellent compositions comprising at least 2 enantiomers selected from the group of 1-[(S)-sec-butyloxycarbonyl]-2-(S)-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine (referred to hereinafter as S,S), 1-[(R)-sec-butyloxycarbonyl]-2-(R)-(+)-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine (referred to hereinafter as R,R), 1-[(S)-sec-butoxycarbonyl]-2-(R)-(+)-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine (referred to hereinafter as S,R), 1-[(R)-sec-butyloxycarbonyl]-2-(S)-(+)-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine (referred to hereinafter as R,S), excluding the racemate mixture thereof, a process for preparation thereof and the use thereof in insect- and mite-repellent formulations.
摘要:
A steering drive system includes a drive arrangement having a first drive and a second drive, a summing gear unit for summing driving torques of the drives on an output shaft of the summing gear unit, a first drive connection device by which the first drive is drivingly connected to a first input shaft of the summing gear unit, and a second drive connection device by which the second drive is drivingly connected to a second input shaft of the summing gear unit. The two drive connection devices are arranged in each instance such that no driving torque directed to the drives from the summing gear unit can be transmitted to the drives during a continuously produced drive connection between the drives and the summing gear unit.
摘要:
What are described are insect- and mite-repellent compositions comprising at least 2 enantiomers selected from the group of 1-[(S)-sec-butyloxycarbonyl]-2-(S)-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine (referred to hereinafter as S,S), 1-[(R)-sec-butyloxycarbonyl]-2-(R)-(+)-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperidine (referred to hereinafter as R,R), 1-[(S)-sec-butoxycarbonyl]-2-(R)-(+)-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperidine (referred to hereinafter as S,R), 1-[(R)-sec-butyloxycarbonyl]-2-(S)-(+)-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperidine (referred to hereinafter as R,S), excluding the racemate mixture thereof, a process for preparation thereof and the use thereof in insect- and mite-repellent formulations.
摘要:
The invention relates to the preparation of 1-alkyl-pyrazole-5-carboxylic esters by reacting the enolate of a 2,4-diketocarboxylic ester in the presence of a solvent and water with an N-alkylhydrazinium salt. This process permits a particularly economical preparation of 1-alkyl-pyrazole-5-carboxylic esters in a simple manner and with only limited formation of undesirable isomers.
摘要:
A process is described for catalytically preparing optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic nitrites of the general formula (I) Ar—CN (I) by reacting the corresponding aryl halides of the general formula (II) Ar—X (II) in which X is chlorine, bromine, iodine, triflate, nonaflate, mesylate or tosylate and Ar is an optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic radical, characterized in that the reaction is performed in the presence of a palladium compound, a phosphine of the general formula (III) or (IV) where R is an alkyl radical and R′, R″ and R′″ are each an alkyl radical or an aryl radical or heteroaryl radical and A is an alkylene or arylene radical, and potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) or potassium hexacyanoferrate(III), optionally in a solvent and optionally with addition of a base.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic nitriles starting from haloaromatics. These are reacted in a copper-catalysed reaction with potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) or potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) in the presence of heteroaromatic amines.