摘要:
Lactic acid is obtained by a method including (A) a step of continuous fermentation wherein a fermentation culture medium of a microorganism having an ability of lactic acid fermentation is filtered through a porous membrane having an average pore size of not less than 0.01 μm and less than 1 μm with a transmembrane pressure difference within the range of 0.1 to 20 kPa, and the permeate is collected, while retaining the non-permeated liquid in or returning the non-permeated liquid to the culture, and adding a fermentation feedstock to the culture; (B) a step of filtering the permeate obtained in Step (A) through a nanofiltration membrane; and (C) a step of distilling the permeate obtained in Step (B) under a pressure of not less than 1 Pa and not more than atmospheric pressure, at 25° C. to 200° C. to recover lactic acid.
摘要:
In one embodiment, there is provided a composite plating liquid. The composite plating liquid includes: a plating metal salt; a sulfate of at least one element selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals; boric acid; a carbon nanotube; and a dispersant. Also, there is provided a plating method of plating a member using the composite plating liquid, and a composite plating film formed by the plating method.
摘要:
A heat radiating component includes a base including a first metal, a first plating layer formed on the base and including a second metal and carbon material structures dispersed in the second metal, and a second plating layer formed on the first plating layer. The first plating layer includes protruding parts that are parts of the carbon material structures protruding from a surface of the second metal. The second plating layer is formed on the first plating layer to cover surfaces of the protruding parts and the surface of the second metal without filling spaces between the protruding parts.
摘要:
A high strength galvanized steel sheet includes a steel sheet which is a base sheet and a galvanized layer on a surface of the steel sheet, the steel sheet has a composition including, by mass %, 0.08 to 0.15% of C, 0.5 to 1.5% of Si, 0.5 to 1.5% of Mn, 0.1% or less of P, 0.01% or less of S, 0.01 to 0.1% of Al, 0.005% or less of N, and the balance Fe with inevitable impurities, and a microstructure composed of 75 to 90% of a ferrite phase as a main phase and 10 to 25% of a second phase including at least pearlite in terms of an area fraction with respect to the entire microstructure; an average grain size of the pearlite is 5 μm or smaller; and the pearlite has an area fraction of 70% or greater with respect to the total area of the second phase.
摘要:
A high strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet has TS of 440 MPa or more and an average r value of 1.30 or more, where the absolute value of the planar anisotropy of the r value (Δr) is 0.20 or less. A chemical composition contains C: 0.010% or more and 0.04% or less, Si: more than 1.0% and 1.5% or less, Mn: 1.0% or more and 3.0% or less, P: 0.005% or more and 0.1% or less, S: 0.01% or less, sol. Al: 0.005% or more and 0.5% or less, N: 0.01% or less, Nb: 0.010% or more and less than 0.05%, Ti: 0.015% or more and 0.120% or less, and the remainder composed of Fe and incidental impurities, wherein (Nb/93)/(C/12)
摘要:
A high strength cold rolled steel sheet includes a chemical composition containing, by mass %, C: 0.010% or more and 0.060% or less, Si: more than 0.5% and 1.5% or less, Mn: 1.0% or more and 3.0% or less, P: 0.005% or more and 0.100% or less, S: 0.010% or less, sol.Al: 0.005% or more and 0.500% or less, N: 0.0100% or less, Nb: 0.010% or more and 0.100% or less, Ti: 0.015% or more and 0.150% or less and the balance comprising Fe and inevitable impurities. The microstructure includes, in area fraction, 70% or more of a ferrite phase and 3% or more of a martensite phase. The tensile strength is 440 MPa or more and an average r value is 1.20 or more.
摘要:
A filling channel opening and closing device, which is used in a liquid product filling apparatus, including an opening and closing control unit that includes a flexible tube and a chamber enclosing the flexible tube in a gastight manner, a gas supply and exhaust device that collapses and restores the flexible tube by supplying pressurized gas into the chamber and exhausting the gas from the chamber, and a control device that controls the timing of supply and exhaust of the gas of the gas supply and exhaust device.
摘要:
A high strength galvanized steel sheet having excellent formability, includes a steel sheet which is a base sheet and a galvanized layer on a surface of the steel sheet, wherein the steel sheet is a high strength steel sheet which has a composition including, by mass %, 0.08 to 0.15% of C, 0.5 to 1.5% of Si, 0.5 to 1.5% of Mn, 0.1% or less of P, 0.01% or less of S, 0.01 to 0.1% of Al, 0.005% or less of N, and the balance Fe with inevitable impurities, and a microstructure composed of 75 to 90% of a ferrite phase as a main phase and 10 to 25% of a second phase including at least pearlite in terms of an area fraction with respect to the entire microstructure; an average grain size of the pearlite is 5 μm or smaller; and the pearlite has an area fraction of 70% or greater with respect to the total area of the second phase.
摘要:
A method of producing butanol, which has a step of removing impurities contained in a butanol-containing solution, is provided. In the method, a butanol-containing solution is filtered through a nanofiltration membrane. Then the butanol-containing solution is collected from the permeate flow of the nanofiltration membrane.
摘要:
In one embodiment, there is provided a heat radiating component. The heat radiating component includes: a base material made mainly of copper; an electroplated aluminum layer that covers at least a part of a surface of the base material; and an alumite layer formed on the electroplated aluminum layer and formed by anodic-oxidizing the electroplated aluminum layer.