Production of biodiesel and glycerin from high free fatty acid feedstocks

    公开(公告)号:US08663345B2

    公开(公告)日:2014-03-04

    申请号:US13307871

    申请日:2011-11-30

    Abstract: A system and method for the conversion of free fatty acids to glycerides and the subsequent conversion of glycerides to glycerin and biodiesel includes the transesterification of a glyceride stream with an alcohol. The fatty acid alkyl esters are separated from the glycerin to produce a first liquid phase containing a fatty acid alkyl ester rich (concentrated) stream and a second liquid phase containing a glycerin rich (concentrated) stream. The fatty acid alkyl ester rich stream is then subjected to distillation, preferably reactive distillation, wherein the stream undergoes both physical separation and chemical reaction. The fatty acid alkyl ester rich stream is then purified to produce a purified biodiesel product and a glyceride rich residue stream. Neutralization of the alkaline stream, formed during the alkali-catalyzed transesterfication process, may proceed by the addition of a mineral or an organic acid.

    Production of Biodiesel and Glycerin from High Free Fatty Acid Feedstocks
    2.
    发明申请
    Production of Biodiesel and Glycerin from High Free Fatty Acid Feedstocks 有权
    从高游离脂肪酸原料生产生物柴油和甘油

    公开(公告)号:US20120123140A1

    公开(公告)日:2012-05-17

    申请号:US13307871

    申请日:2011-11-30

    Abstract: A system and method for the conversion of free fatty acids to glycerides and the subsequent conversion of glycerides to glycerin and biodiesel includes the transesterification of a glyceride stream with an alcohol. The fatty acid alkyl esters are separated from the glycerin to produce a first liquid phase containing a fatty acid alkyl ester rich (concentrated) stream and a second liquid phase containing a glycerin rich (concentrated) stream. The fatty acid alkyl ester rich stream is then subjected to distillation, preferably reactive distillation, wherein the stream undergoes both physical separation and chemical reaction. The fatty acid alkyl ester rich stream is then purified to produce a purified biodiesel product and a glyceride rich residue stream. Neutralization of the alkaline stream, formed during the alkali-catalyzed transesterfication process, may proceed by the addition of a mineral or an organic acid.

    Abstract translation: 用于将游离脂肪酸转化为甘油酯的系统和方法以及随后将甘油酯转化为甘油和生物柴油包括甘油酯流与醇的酯交换反应。 将脂肪酸烷基酯与甘油分离以产生含有富含脂肪酸烷基酯(浓缩)料流的第一液相和含富甘油(浓缩)料流的第二液相。 然后将富含脂肪酸烷基酯的物流进行蒸馏,优选反应蒸馏,其中物流分离和化学反应。 然后纯化富含脂肪酸的富含烷基酯的料流以产生纯化的生物柴油产物和富含甘油酯的残余物流。 在碱催化的酯交换过程中形成的碱性流的中和可以通过加入矿物或有机酸来进行。

    Auxiliary data provider
    3.
    发明授权
    Auxiliary data provider 有权
    辅助数据提供者

    公开(公告)号:US07853605B2

    公开(公告)日:2010-12-14

    申请号:US11192536

    申请日:2005-07-29

    CPC classification number: G06F17/30893

    Abstract: An exemplary software architecture allows for defining and accessing data and auxiliary data for an item in a navigable namespace. For example, such an exemplary architecture can include a provider engine operable to access data for an item in a navigable namespace, an auxiliary provider engine operable to access auxiliary data for the item and an auxiliary provider class for use in defining the auxiliary data for the item and accessing the auxiliary data for the item. Various other exemplary technologies are also disclosed.

    Abstract translation: 示例性软件架构允许定义和访问可导航命名空间中的项目的数据和辅助数据。 例如,这样的示例性架构可以包括可操作以访问可导航命名空间中的项目的数据的提供商引擎,可操作以访问该项目的辅助数据的辅助提供者引擎和用于定义用于该项目的辅助数据的辅助提供者类别 项目并访问项目的辅助数据。 还公开了各种其它示例性技术。

    Fluid treatment apparatus
    4.
    发明授权
    Fluid treatment apparatus 失效
    流体处理设备

    公开(公告)号:US5378307A

    公开(公告)日:1995-01-03

    申请号:US54108

    申请日:1993-04-28

    CPC classification number: H05K3/0085 B05B15/0406 Y02P70/36

    Abstract: A fluid treatment apparatus and method for applying first and second fluids (e.g., etchant and water) to an article (e.g., circuit board) passing through the apparatus at a predetermined rate. The first fluid is impinged on a surface of the article and thereafter collected within the apparatus' common housing. The second fluid is impinged onto the surface of the article and collected within the same housing but at a location separate from the collected first fluid so as to at least partially prevent mixing thereof. The preferred means for effecting fluid impingement comprises separate fluid injecters, each including at least two rows of fluid jet injectors therein. The collected fluids are each returned to the respective impingement means. Replenishment of the second fluid is accomplished using a pump which supplies the second fluid, while the apparatus also includes means (e.g., a drain) to effectively remove the second fluid at a rate similar to the supply rate for the second fluid. The first fluid is also maintained at an established level above the article's surface using suitable means (e.g., dual rollers) located relative (e.g., on opposite sides of) the first fluid impingement means. Similar level retention for the second fluid is also possible. Cascading of the collected second fluid is also defined, this occurring within the same housing chamber which serves to collect the first fluid.

    Abstract translation: 一种用于将第一和第二流体(例如蚀刻剂和水)施加到以预定速率穿过设备的制品(例如电路板)的流体处理装置和方法。 第一流体冲击在物品的表面上,然后收集在设备的共用外壳内。 第二流体冲击到制品的表面上并收集在相同的壳体内,但是在与收集的第一流体分开的位置处,以至少部分地防止其混合。 用于实现流体冲击的优选方式包括单独的流体注射器,每个流体注射器在其中包括至少两排流体喷射喷射器。 收集的流体各自返回到相应的冲击装置。 使用供应第二流体的泵来实现第二流体的补充,同时该装置还包括以与第二流体的供给速率相似的速率有效地去除第二流体的装置(例如排水管)。 使用位于第一流体冲击装置相对(例如,在相对侧)上的合适的装置(例如,双辊),第一流体也保持在制品表面上方的确定水平。 第二流体的相似水平保持也是可能的。 还定义了所收集的第二流体的级联,其发生在用于收集第一流体的相同壳体室内。

    Fluid treatment apparatus and method
    5.
    发明授权
    Fluid treatment apparatus and method 失效
    流体处理装置及方法

    公开(公告)号:US5192394A

    公开(公告)日:1993-03-09

    申请号:US808134

    申请日:1991-12-16

    CPC classification number: H05K3/0085 C23F1/08

    Abstract: A fluid treatment apparatus and method wherein uniform treatment of a substrate (e.g., a thin, metallic sheet) is treated (e.g., etched) during movement thereof. This treatment involves directing a plurality of fluid jets through a collected first fluid onto one of the substrate's surfaces in such a manner that the fluid of each fluid jet will engage (collide with) the fluid from the nearest fluid jet as a result of being maintained across the substrate's surface at a predetermined velocity prior to mixing of the jets with surrounding fluid. Prevention of such mixing prior to such engagement has proven to assure uniform treatment of the substrate. In one aspect of the invention, fluid is directed onto opposite surfaces of the substrate in this fashion, the fluid from the lower surface, however, being passed through air or similar ambient and thus prevented from mixing therewith prior to such engagement.

    Production of biodiesel and glycerin from high free fatty acid feedstocks
    7.
    发明授权
    Production of biodiesel and glycerin from high free fatty acid feedstocks 有权
    从高游离脂肪酸原料生产生物柴油和甘油

    公开(公告)号:US08728177B2

    公开(公告)日:2014-05-20

    申请号:US13307871

    申请日:2011-11-30

    Abstract: A system and method for the conversion of free fatty acids to glycerides and the subsequent conversion of glycerides to glycerin and biodiesel includes the transesterification of a glyceride stream with an alcohol. The fatty acid alkyl esters are separated from the glycerin to produce a first liquid phase containing a fatty acid alkyl ester rich (concentrated) stream and a second liquid phase containing a glycerin rich (concentrated) stream. The fatty acid alkyl ester rich stream is then subjected to distillation, preferably reactive distillation, wherein the stream undergoes both physical separation and chemical reaction. The fatty acid alkyl ester rich stream is then purified to produce a purified biodiesel product and a glyceride rich residue stream. Neutralization of the alkaline stream, formed during the alkali-catalyzed transesterfication process, may proceed by the addition of a mineral or an organic acid.

    Abstract translation: 用于将游离脂肪酸转化为甘油酯的系统和方法以及随后将甘油酯转化为甘油和生物柴油包括甘油酯流与醇的酯交换反应。 将脂肪酸烷基酯与甘油分离以产生含有富含脂肪酸烷基酯(浓缩)料流的第一液相和含富甘油(浓缩)料流的第二液相。 然后将富含脂肪酸烷基酯的物流进行蒸馏,优选反应蒸馏,其中物流分离和化学反应。 然后纯化富含脂肪酸的富含烷基酯的料流以产生纯化的生物柴油产物和富含甘油酯的残余物流。 在碱催化的酯交换过程中形成的碱性流的中和可以通过加入矿物或有机酸来进行。

    Command-line data-type discovery and conversion
    9.
    发明授权
    Command-line data-type discovery and conversion 有权
    命令行数据类型发现和转换

    公开(公告)号:US08566806B2

    公开(公告)日:2013-10-22

    申请号:US11072095

    申请日:2005-03-04

    CPC classification number: G06F9/45512

    Abstract: Systems and/or methods are presented that may be used to enable operation of a command line having an upstream command and a downstream command where the upstream command may output data of a type that may be unacceptable as input to the downstream command.

    Abstract translation: 提供了可以用于启用具有上行命令和下游命令的命令行的操作的系统和/或方法,其中上游命令可以输出可能不能接受作为下游命令的输入的类型的数据。

    Method and apparatus for cleaning thin substrates
    10.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for cleaning thin substrates 失效
    清洁薄基板的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US06273105B1

    公开(公告)日:2001-08-14

    申请号:US08992050

    申请日:1997-12-17

    Inventor: Jeffrey D. Jones

    CPC classification number: B08B3/041

    Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for the fine cleaning of a thin substrate. The apparatus has a transporter capable of moving the substrate through the apparatus by non-fluid contact with the edges of the substrate alone. In a typical embodiment, the transporter is a series of centrally-tapered rollers. As the substrate is moved through the apparatus by the transporter, its central section is supported by a fluid. Thus, the substrate moves through the apparatus without contact with any solid material except on its edges. As the substrate is moved through the apparatus by the transporter, fluid ejectors wash the substrate by spraying a cleaning fluid against the substrate. After being washed, the substrate is rinsed and then dried. Anti-dragout devices are positioned upstream and downstream of the washing and rinsing sections so as to minimize liquid dragout. The invention has been found very effective in cleaning thin sensitive substrates wherein physical contact with solid devices tends to contaminate the surface. The invention thoroughly cleans such thin substrates with little or no contamination. The invention has been shown to be effective at high throughputs.

    Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于精细清洁薄基板的方法和装置。 该装置具有能够通过与衬底的边缘非流体接触单独移动衬底通过设备的运送器。 在典型的实施例中,输送器是一系列中央锥形的滚子。 当基底通过输送器移动通过装置时,其中心部分由流体支撑。 因此,基板移动通过设备而不与任何固体材料接触,除了其边缘。 当衬底通过传送器移动通过设备时,流体喷射器通过将清洁流体喷射到衬底上来洗涤衬底。 洗涤后,将基材冲洗干燥。 防脱出装置位于洗涤和漂洗部分的上游和下游,以便最小化液体阻力。 已经发现本发明在清洁敏感基材时非常有效,其中与固体装置的物理接触倾向于污染表面。 本发明彻底清洗了很少或没有污染的薄基材。 已经证明本发明在高产量下是有效的。

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