公开(公告)号：US4388818A

公开(公告)日：1983-06-21

申请号：US299399

申请日：1981-09-04

申请人： Hans Krapfenbauer

发明人： Hans Krapfenbauer

IPC分类号： B21H5/02 ,  B21H5/00

CPC分类号： B21H5/02

摘要： An approximately shaped or formed gear is fabricated in any desired way and is then corrected by means of substantially ring-shaped rolls or rolling tools performing striking or hammering operations in the tooth gaps of such gear. The rolls rotate in a planetary fashion in revolving rolling or roller heads. Such rolling heads are advanced to a maximum radial penetration depth of the rolls which is governed by a stop and are then retracted, if necessary. The advance or feed is preferably performed by a hydraulic drive, the pressure of which is regulated electro-hydraulically by means of a template or the like. The hydraulic drive acts against the action of a spring. The approximately formed teeth, which are thus rolled in an overlapping manner, are produced by the addition of material per tooth flank. Preferably, such material addition amounts to at least twice or three-fold the summation pitch error according to DIN 3960 to 3962 (German Industrial Standard 3960 to 3962). The above-mentioned pressure-controlled advance or retraction undertaken against the action of spring force is preferably accomplished along a maximum path or distance of 0.25 mm. This distance is frequently smaller than 0.1 mm. Precision teeth are produced which frequently no longer even have to be ground.

摘要翻译： 以任何期望的方式制造近似成形或形成的齿轮，然后通过在这种齿轮的齿隙中执行打击或锤击操作的基本环形的辊或滚动工具进行校正。 辊子以旋转滚动或滚子头以行星方式旋转。 这样的滚动头被推进到由止动器控制的辊的最大径向穿透深度，并且如果需要则被缩回。 进给或进给优选通过液压驱动器执行，液压驱动器的压力通过模板等电液压地调节。 液压驱动器抵抗弹簧的作用。 通过在每个齿面上添加材料来生产以重叠的方式轧制的近似成形的齿。 优选地，这种材料添加量相当于根据DIN 3960至3962（德国工业标准3960至3962）的总和螺距误差的至少两倍或三倍。 上述针对弹簧力作用的压力控制提前或缩回优选地沿着0.25mm的最大路径或距离实现。 该距离通常小于0.1mm。 产生精密牙齿，经常不再需要研磨。

公开(公告)号：US5765419A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-16

申请号：US769847

申请日：1996-12-19

申请人： Hans Krapfenbauer

发明人： Hans Krapfenbauer

IPC分类号： B21D15/02 ,  B21H1/18 ,  B21H3/08 ,  B21H5/02 ,  B21D31/06

CPC分类号： B21H5/025 ,  B21D15/02 ,  B21H1/18 ,  B21H3/08

摘要： In an impact rolling apparatus the axes of roller heads are arranged substantially perpendicularly relative to the longitudinal axis of the workpiece. Accordingly, a displacing of the material at the workpiece proceeds predominantly tangentially perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the workpiece, caused by the impact effect of the impact rollers mounted at the roller heads. By this arrangement of the roller heads impact rolling operations can be performed close to a shoulder of the workpiece and marked steps thus maintaining the advantages over the known impact rolling method at which the displacement of the material proceeds predominantly in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the workpiece.

摘要翻译： 在冲击轧制设备中，辊头的轴线相对于工件的纵向轴线大致垂直地布置。 因此，由安装在辊头上的冲击辊的冲击效应引起的材料在工件处的移位主要垂直于工件的纵向轴线切向。 通过辊头的这种布置，可以靠近工件的肩部执行冲击滚动操作，并且标记的步骤因此保持了优于已知的冲击轧制方法的优点，其中材料的位移主要沿纵轴方向 工件。

公开(公告)号：US4796345A

公开(公告)日：1989-01-10

申请号：US75123

申请日：1987-07-20

申请人： Hans Krapfenbauer

发明人： Hans Krapfenbauer

IPC分类号： F16H55/06 ,  B21D53/28 ,  B21H5/00 ,  B21H5/02 ,  F16H55/08 ,  F16H55/17

CPC分类号： B21H5/025 ,  B21D53/28 ,  B21H5/02 ,  F16H55/17 ,  Y10T29/49471 ,  Y10T74/19888

摘要： The method of fabricating a rim gear, such as a starter rim gear made of sheet metal, such as sheet steel, comprises cold forming an outer surface of a substantially cylindrical rim portion of a dished blank according to the well known Grob method to effect an external or exterior gear tooth system with proper gear or gear wheel characteristics thereon, thereby also effecting an internal or inner tooth system on the inner surface of the substantially cylindrical rim portion. This method is performed such that at the fabricated rim gear the quotient of the different between an addendum circle diameter or outer diameter of the external gear tooth system and a crown circle diameter or inner diameter of the internal tooth system divided by the wall thickness of the substantially cylindrical rim portion before the start of cold forming is at least 1.6 and that the quotient of the thinnest portion of the tooth flank wall of the fabricated rim gear divided by that wall thickness is at most 0.4. By appropriately reducing the thickness of the material blank at the region of the free edge of its substantially cylindrical rim portion it is possible to at least partially precompensate the formation of undesired beading or axial beads laterally of the formed rim gear teeth. This member of fabrication also ensures that sheet metal can be used which is susceptible to surface hardening, for example, induction hardening. High quality fabrication is now possible in an economical, advantageous and reproducible manner with only a minimum of empirical work involved, thereby avoiding the innumerable trials heretofore required.

摘要翻译： 制造轮辋齿轮的方法，例如由钣金制成的起动轮辋齿轮，例如钢板，包括根据众所周知的Grob方法冷却形成碟形坯料的大致圆柱形边缘部分的外表面，以实现 外部或外部齿轮齿系统，其上具有适当的齿轮或齿轮特性，从而还在大致圆柱形边缘部分的内表面上实现内部或内部齿轮系统。 执行该方法，使得在制造的轮辋齿轮下，外齿轮齿系的齿顶圆直径或外径之间的不同的商与内齿系的冠圆直径或内径除以 冷成型开始前的大致圆筒形边缘部分至少为1.6，并且所制造的轮辋齿轮的齿面壁的最薄部分的商除以该壁厚度至多为0.4。 通过在其基本上圆柱形的边缘部分的自由边缘的区域适当地减小材料坯料的厚度，可以至少部分地预先补偿形成的轮辋齿轮齿横向的不希望的滚珠或轴向珠的形成。 该制造构件还确保可以使用容易受到表面硬化的金属板，例如感应淬火。 现在可以以经济，有利和可再现的方式进行高质量的制造，只需要最少的经验工作，从而避免迄今为止所需的无数试验。

公开(公告)号：US4116032A

公开(公告)日：1978-09-26

申请号：US806830

申请日：1977-06-15

申请人： Hans Krapfenbauer ,  Ernst Grob

发明人： Hans Krapfenbauer ,  Ernst Grob

IPC分类号： B21H5/00 ,  B21H5/02

CPC分类号： B21H5/02

摘要： A method of, and apparatus for, manufacturing straight or inclined toothed machine elements, especially spur gears, by cold working, which comprises holding under axial prestress a single gear-workpiece blank during a rolling or generating operation between two press punches at such a pressure that under the action of the rolling operation pressure stresses prevail between the press punches and the workpiece, these pressure stresses corresponding at least to the elastic limit of the workpiece material. Further, due to the simultaneous action of the prestressing force and the rolling operation there is formed at least at one of both end surfaces of the workpiece an end surface which is dispositioned exactly perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece.

摘要翻译： 通过冷加工制造直线或倾斜齿形机械元件，特别是正齿轮的方法和装置，其包括在轴向预应力下保持单个齿轮 - 工件坯料在轧制或生产操作期间在两个压力冲压机之间以这种压力 在轧制操作的作用下，压力冲击和工件之间的压力应力是主要的，这些压力应力至少对应于工件材料的弹性极限。 此外，由于预应力和轧制操作的同时作用，至少在工件的两个端面中的一个端面处形成了与工件的轴线精确垂直的端面。

公开(公告)号：US5546781A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-20

申请号：US183873

申请日：1994-01-21

申请人： Hans Krapfenbauer

发明人： Hans Krapfenbauer

IPC分类号： B21H5/00 ,  B21H7/14 ,  B21K1/76 ,  F16H55/26 ,  B21B21/00 ,  B21B1/00 ,  B21B19/00

CPC分类号： F16H55/26 ,  B21H5/00 ,  B21K1/767 ,  B21K1/768

摘要： Process for the production of a toothed rack via cold forming, the rack produced thereby, and an apparatus for practicing the process. The cold formed rack workpiece shows multiple traces of cold forming in the toothing direction. During the production process, the workpiece, in the apparatus, is moved transversely to the axis of the rolling head, relative to the rotatably driven rolling head. Rolls, having forming ribs, are rotatably journalled within the rolling head, along at least one helical line, with the rolls rotating with the rolling head in a planetary manner. Thereby, each roll performs, in quick sequence, single rolling steps that overlap each other in the feed direction of the apparatus slide. Therein, the tooth space form-type forming ring ribs engage the workpiece. During the cold forming step of the workpiece, working material is displaced by the forming ring ribs from the bottom land area of the toothings to the top land area of the toothings, during which the top land area of the toothing can also be form rolled. An apparatus for carrying out the method includes a holding device for retaining the workpiece and a driven rolling head, rotatable about its own axis, together with feeding means and a stroke adjustor. Several rollers, each having at least one tooth spaced type forming ring rib, are journalled in the rolling head in a planetary manner.

摘要翻译： 用于通过冷成型生产齿条的方法，由此生产的齿条以及用于实施该方法的装置。 冷成型齿条工件在齿形方向上显示出多个冷成形痕迹。 在生产过程中，设备中的工件相对于可旋转驱动的轧制头横向于滚动头的轴线移动。 具有成形肋的卷筒沿着至少一个螺旋线可旋转地旋转在滚动头内，辊与滚动头以行星方式一起旋转。 因此，每个辊以快速顺序执行在装置滑块的进给方向上彼此重叠的单个滚动步骤。 其中，齿形成型环形肋与工件接合。 在工件的冷成型步骤期间，工作材料通过成形环形肋从牙齿的底部区域移动到牙齿的顶部区域，在该区域中，齿部的顶部区域也可以形成滚动。 用于执行该方法的装置包括用于保持工件的保持装置和能够与进给装置和行程调节器一起围绕其自身轴线旋转的从动滚动头。 每个具有至少一个齿间隔成型环形肋的几个滚子以行星方式轴颈安装在滚动头中。

公开(公告)号：US5355706A

公开(公告)日：1994-10-18

申请号：US85155

申请日：1993-07-02

申请人： Daniel Deriaz ,  Hans Krapfenbauer

发明人： Daniel Deriaz ,  Hans Krapfenbauer

IPC分类号： B21D53/28 ,  B21H5/02 ,  B21H7/18 ,  B21D22/16

CPC分类号： B21H5/025 ,  B21D53/28 ,  B21H7/187

摘要： The well known Grob method, as practiced on a Grob machine, uses at least a partially profiled mandrel wherein during a cold forming operation, via a forming or impact roller of a workpiece blank, produces a hollow workpiece that is profiled at least internally wherein the material is shaped radially as well as axially in a single operation and the axial and radial shaping of the workpiece blank is achieved at least internally as a whole or in part in a straight or helical manner relative to the workpiece axis, by means of this forming roller and achieves the economical production of high quality workpieces in a single operation, with outer profiling also being achievable, and the difference (D) between the outer radius (RO) of the workpiece blank and the outer radius (RD) of the mandrel preferably being the same as or smaller than the length (WL) of the finished workpiece.

摘要翻译： 如Grob机器上实践的众所周知的Grob方法使用至少部分成型的心轴，其中在冷成型操作期间，通过工件坯件的成形或冲击辊产生至少内部成型的中空工件，其中， 材料在单一操作中径向和轴向地成形，并且通过该成形，至少在内部整体上或部分地以相对于工件轴线的直线或螺旋方式实现工件坯料的轴向和径向成形 并且在单次操作中实现高质量工件的经济生产，同时也可实现外部轮廓，并且工件坯料的外径（RO）与心轴的外半径（RD）之间的差（D）优选为 与成品的长度（WL）相同或相等。

公开(公告)号：US4307592A

公开(公告)日：1981-12-29

申请号：US069391

申请日：1979-08-24

申请人： Hans Krapfenbauer

发明人： Hans Krapfenbauer

IPC分类号： B21H5/02

CPC分类号： B21H5/02

摘要： A cold rolling method wherein the workpiece is advanced along its lengthwise axis and rotated in pulsating fashion, in accordance with a sinusoidal-like rotational speed-time diagram, while its surface is machined during briefly effective individual rolling or generating operations by means of generating rolls seated in roller or rolling heads. Each rolling operation is accomplished when the rotational speed of the workpiece is at the lower reversal region of the aforementioned diagram. The cold rolling machine comprises a worm gear for rotating the workpiece together with its clamping or chucking device, the worm gear being seated upon the chucking device. The related worm is mounted in a displaceable carriage. This carriage is moved to-and-fro by an eccentric drive or equivalent structure, and the action of the worm is superimposed upon the worm gear and there is formed the sinusoidal-like course of the rotational speed as a function of time.

摘要翻译： 一种冷轧方法，其中工件沿其纵向轴线前进并且按照正弦曲线转速时间图以脉动的方式旋转，同时其表面在短暂有效的单独轧制或通过生成辊产生操作期间加工 坐在辊子或滚动头。 当工件的转速处于上述图的下部反转区域时，实现每个滚动操作。 冷轧机包括用于使工件与其夹紧或夹紧装置一起旋转的蜗轮，蜗轮座位于夹紧装置上。 相关的蜗杆安装在可移动的托架中。 该滑架通过偏心驱动装置或等效结构一起移动，并且蜗杆的动作叠加在蜗轮上，并且形成作为时间的函数的旋转速度的正弦曲线。