公开(公告)号：US07525711B1

公开(公告)日：2009-04-28

申请号：US11504859

申请日：2006-08-16

Applicant: Donald W. Rule ,  Kevin A. Boulais ,  Francisco Santiago

Inventor： Donald W. Rule ,  Kevin A. Boulais ,  Francisco Santiago

IPC: G02F1/03 ,  G02F1/00 ,  H01P7/00

CPC classification number: B82Y20/00 ,  G02F1/0126 ,  G02F1/01716 ,  G02F2202/30 ,  H01Q15/0086

Abstract: In one general aspect, a tunable electromagnetic metamaterial as described herein includes a substrate and an array of split ring resonators formed on the substrate. At least one of the split ring resonators is a capacitively tuned split ring resonator. The capacitively tuned split ring resonator includes a structure having a gap and is formed of an electrically conductive material. The capacitively tuned split ring resonator also includes a region of photo-capacitive material formed in close proximity to the structure such that the capacitance of the metamaterial is changed when illuminated by controlling electromagnetic radiation having a selected range of wavelengths.

Abstract translation: 在一个一般方面，如本文所述的可调电磁超材料包括基板和形成在基板上的开口环谐振器阵列。 分裂环谐振器中的至少一个是电容调谐的分裂环谐振器。 电容调谐的分裂环谐振器包括具有间隙的结构并且由导电材料形成。 电容调谐的分裂环谐振器还包括光电容性材料的区域，该区域紧邻该结构形成，使得当通过控制具有选定波长范围的电磁辐射照射时，超材料的电容发生变化。

公开(公告)号：US5661304A

公开(公告)日：1997-08-26

申请号：US643178

申请日：1996-05-06

Applicant: Wayne D. Kimura ,  Ralph B. Fiorito ,  Donald W. Rule

Inventor： Wayne D. Kimura ,  Ralph B. Fiorito ,  Donald W. Rule

IPC: G01Q30/00 ,  H01J37/244 ,  H01J37/245

CPC classification number: H01J37/244 ,  H01J2237/24514

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting diffraction radiation from a charged particle beam in order to measure parameters that characterize the charged particle beam. The charged particle beam passes near one or more edges, apertures, or interfaces between media of different dielectric constants such that the beam is not intercepted. This generates forward diffraction radiation and reflected diffraction radiation at an angle relative to the direction of the beam. The radiation passes through a focusing system and onto a detector which measures a desired parameter.

Abstract translation: 用于检测来自带电粒子束的衍射辐射的方法和装置，以便测量表征带电粒子束的参数。 带电粒子束通过不同介电常数的介质之间的一个或多个边缘，孔或接口，使得光束不被截取。 这产生相对于光束方向成一定角度的正向衍射辐射和反射衍射辐射。 辐射通过聚焦系统和测量所需参数的检测器。

公开(公告)号：US07864394B1

公开(公告)日：2011-01-04

申请号：US12420840

申请日：2009-04-09

Applicant: Donald W. Rule ,  Kevin A. Boulais ,  Francisco Santiago

Inventor： Donald W. Rule ,  Kevin A. Boulais ,  Francisco Santiago

IPC: G02F1/03

CPC classification number: G02F1/0126 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B1/007 ,  G02F1/01716 ,  G02F2202/30 ,  G02F2203/13 ,  H01Q15/0086

Abstract: A dynamically variable lens is made from actively tunable electromagnetic metamaterial cells. The lens operates on electromagnetic radiation including: radio frequency waves, microwaves, teraherz waves, near infrared waves, infrared waves and visible waves. The focal length of the lens is changed at a selected frequency. In the alternative, the frequency of radiation operated on is changed as a function of time. A third alternative provides precise control of the index of refraction of the lens. The index of refraction is varied progressively across the lens from one edge to the opposite edge causing the radiation to be directed at an angle.

Abstract translation: 动态可变透镜由主动可调电磁超材料单元制成。 透镜在电磁辐射下工作，包括：射频波，微波，太赫兹波，近红外波，红外波和可见波。 透镜的焦距以选定的频率改变。 另一方面，作为时间的函数改变了辐射的频率。 第三种方案可以精确控制镜片的折射率。 折射率逐渐地从透镜从一个边缘到另一个边缘变化，导致辐射以一定的角度被定向。

公开(公告)号：US5045695A

公开(公告)日：1991-09-03

申请号：US532765

申请日：1990-06-04

Applicant: Donald W. Rule ,  Ralph B. Fiorito

Inventor： Donald W. Rule ,  Ralph B. Fiorito

IPC: H05H7/00

CPC classification number: H05H7/00

Abstract: A transition radiation interference spectrometer for measuring the energy and divergence of a charged particle beam. Transition radiation is created by placing an interferometer in the path of the charged particle beam. The resulting interference pattern is focused and masked to define an angular element at a fixed angle with respect to the direction of specular reflection. The radiation in the angular element is dispersed into wavelength components. The intensity or amplitude of the wavelength components as a function of wavelength is indicative of the beam's energy and divergence.

Abstract translation: 用于测量带电粒子束的能量和发散的过渡辐射干涉光谱仪。 通过将干涉仪置于带电粒子束的路径中来产生过渡辐射。 所产生的干涉图案被聚焦和掩蔽以相对于镜面反射的方向限定一个固定角度的角元件。 角元素中的辐射分散在波长分量中。 作为波长的函数的波长分量的强度或幅度表示光束的能量和发散度。

公开(公告)号：US08519382B2

公开(公告)日：2013-08-27

申请号：US12932934

申请日：2011-02-25

Applicant: Kevin A. Boulais ,  Donald W. Rule ,  Karen J. Long ,  Francisco Santiago ,  Pearl Rayms-Keller ,  Victor H. Gehman, Jr.

Inventor： Kevin A. Boulais ,  Donald W. Rule ,  Karen J. Long ,  Francisco Santiago ,  Pearl Rayms-Keller ,  Victor H. Gehman, Jr.

IPC: H01L35/24

CPC classification number: H01L51/424 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: A photocapacitor device is provided for responding to a photon having at least a specified energy. The photocapacitive device includes a first portion composed of a photocapacitive material; a second portion composed of a non-photocapacitive material; and a depletion region disposed between the first and second portions. The photocapacitive and non-photocapacitive materials respectively have first and second Fermi-energy differences, with the second Fermi-energy difference being higher than the first Fermi-energy difference.

Abstract translation: 提供光电容器装置用于响应具有至少指定能量的光子。 光电装置包括由光电材料构成的第一部分; 由非光电材料构成的第二部分; 以及设置在第一和第二部分之间的耗尽区。 光电容和非光电材料分别具有第一和第二费米能量差，第二费米能量差高于第一费米能量差。

公开(公告)号：US20120313080A1

公开(公告)日：2012-12-13

申请号：US12932934

申请日：2011-02-25

Applicant: Kevin A. Boulais ,  Donald W. Rule ,  Karen J. Long ,  Francisco Santiago ,  Alfredo N. Rayms-Keller ,  Victor H. Gehman, JR.

Inventor： Kevin A. Boulais ,  Donald W. Rule ,  Karen J. Long ,  Francisco Santiago ,  Alfredo N. Rayms-Keller ,  Victor H. Gehman, JR.

IPC: H01L51/30 ,  H01L31/0256

CPC classification number: H01L51/424 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: A photocapacitor device is provided for responding to a photon having at least a specified energy. The photocapacitive device includes a first portion composed of a photocapacitive material; a second portion composed of a non-photocapacitive material; and a depletion region disposed between the first and second portions. The ph otocapacitive and non-photocapacitive materials respectively have first and second Fermi-energy differences, with the second Fermi-energy difference being higher than the first Fermi-energy difference.

Abstract translation: 提供光电容器装置用于响应具有至少指定能量的光子。 光电装置包括由光电材料构成的第一部分; 由非光电材料构成的第二部分; 以及设置在第一和第二部分之间的耗尽区。 电荷和非光电材料分别具有第一和第二费米能量差，第二费米能量差高于第一费米能量差。

公开(公告)号：US5120968A

公开(公告)日：1992-06-09

申请号：US548652

申请日：1990-07-05

Applicant: Ralph B. Fiorito ,  Donald W. Rule

Inventor： Ralph B. Fiorito ,  Donald W. Rule

IPC: G21K1/00

CPC classification number: G21K1/00

Abstract: The invention is a device to measure the emittance of a charged particle beam. The device is capable of providing precise time resolution limited only by the chosen detector. The device allows a complete emittance determination as a function of time. The preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a plurality of thin foils 11 which generate an optical transistion radiation (OTR) pattern 13; a lens system 14 to collect the OTR pattern 13 from the said foils 11: an optical mask 16 to allow passage of the OTR pattern 13 :and a detector array 17 or similar device placed behind the mask 16 which intercepts, senses and measures the point source OTR pattern 13 for each perforation in the mask.

Abstract translation: 本发明是一种测量带电粒子束发射率的装置。 该设备能够提供仅由所选择的检测器限定的精确时间分辨率。 该装置允许作为时间的函数的完全发射度确定。 本发明的优选实施例包括产生光学转移辐射（OTR）图案13的多个薄箔11; 用于从所述箔11收集OTR图案13的透镜系统14：允许OTR图案13通过的光学掩模16以及放置在掩模16后面的检测器阵列17或类似的装置，其拦截，感测和测量点 源OTR图案13用于掩模中的每个穿孔。