公开(公告)号：US08988661B2

公开(公告)日：2015-03-24

申请号：US12802117

申请日：2010-05-29

申请人： Gage Hills ,  Travis Perry ,  Cyrus Bamji

发明人： Gage Hills ,  Travis Perry ,  Cyrus Bamji

IPC分类号： G01S17/89 ,  G01C3/08 ,  G01S7/491 ,  G01S17/36

CPC分类号： G01S17/89 ,  G01C3/08 ,  G01S7/4912 ,  G01S17/36

摘要： Phase-based TOF systems operate with reduced depth error due to motion blur, and/or spatial blur, and/or pixel offset by intelligently determining how best to combine pixel values, and how best to compensate for individual pixel offsets. Such determination(s) may be carried out on a per pixel basis, dynamically, in real-time during TOF operation, or on archived TOF data. Offsets for individual pixels may be dynamically calculated and subtracted from the values acquired by those pixels Individual pixel offsets may be calculated for example by combining data acquired by the same pixel at two acquisitions, 180° out of phase with respect to each other. Calculated offsets may be averaged, or on a per pixel basis, and if target object motion is detected, one or more offset calculations can be discarded rather than averaged to reduce motion blur. Offsets acquired a priori during a TOF system calibration procedure may be used.

摘要翻译： 基于相位的TOF系统通过智能地确定如何最佳地组合像素值，以及如何最佳地补偿各个像素偏移，由于运动模糊和/或空间模糊，和/或像素偏移而减小深度误差。 这样的确定可以在TOF操作期间或在存档的TOF数据上以动态方式在每像素的基础上进行。 可以动态地计算各个像素的偏移量并从由这些像素获取的值中减去。例如，可以通过将由相同像素获取的数据在两次采集中相对于彼此相位相差180°而组合来计算各个像素偏移。 计算的偏移量可以被平均，或者基于每个像素，并且如果检测到目标物体运动，则可以丢弃一个或多个偏移计算而不是平均以减少运动模糊。 可以使用在TOF系统校准过程中先验获得的偏移。

公开(公告)号：US20110292380A1

公开(公告)日：2011-12-01

申请号：US12658806

申请日：2010-02-16

申请人： Cyrus Bamji

发明人： Cyrus Bamji

IPC分类号： G01C3/08 ,  G01B11/26 ,  H01L27/146

CPC分类号： H01L27/14605 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G01S7/4861 ,  G01S7/4863 ,  G01S17/89 ,  H01L27/14603 ,  H01L27/14614 ,  H01L27/14643

摘要： A CMOS detector with pairs of interdigitated elongated finger-like collection gates includes p+ implanted regions that create charge barrier regions that can intentionally be overcome. These regions steer charge to a desired collection gate pair for collection. The p+ implanted regions may be formed before and/or after formation of the collection gates. These regions form charge barrier regions when an associated collection gate is biased low. The barriers are overcome when an associated collection gate is high. These barrier regions steer substantially all charge to collection gates that are biased high, enhancing modulation contrast. Advantageously, the resultant structure has reduced power requirements in that inter-gate capacitance is reduced in that inter-gate spacing can be increased over prior art gate spacing and lower swing voltages may be used. Also higher modulation contrast is achieved in that the charge collection area of the low gate(s) is significantly reduced.

摘要翻译： 具有交叉指状细长的指状集合门对的CMOS检测器包括产生可有意克服的电荷阻挡区域的p +注入区域。 这些区域将电荷引导到期望的收集门对以进行收集。 p +注入区域可以在形成收集栅极之前和/或之后形成。 当相关采集门被偏置为低电平时，这些区域形成电荷势垒区域。 当相关联的收集门高时，障碍被克服。 这些屏障区域将基本上将所有电荷转向偏向高的收集门，增强调制对比度。 有利地，所得到的结构具有降低的功率需求，因为栅极间电容被减小，因为可以使用栅极间间隔超过现有技术的栅极间隔，并且可以使用较低的摆动电压。 实现了较低的调制对比度，因为低栅极的电荷收集区域被显着地减少。

公开(公告)号：US20090115995A1

公开(公告)日：2009-05-07

申请号：US12319086

申请日：2008-12-30

申请人： Cyrus Bamji ,  Hakan Yalcin

发明人： Cyrus Bamji ,  Hakan Yalcin

IPC分类号： G01C5/00

CPC分类号： G01C3/08 ,  G01C25/00 ,  G01S7/497 ,  G01S17/36 ,  G01S17/89

摘要： Rapid calibration of a TOF system uses a stationary target object and electrically introduces phase shift into the TOF system to emulate target object relocation. Relatively few parameters suffice to model a parameterized mathematical representation of the transfer function between measured phase and Z distance. The phase-vs-distance model is directly evaluated during actual run-time operation of the TOF system. Preferably modeling includes two components: electrical modeling of phase-vs-distance characteristics that depend upon electrical rather than geometric characteristics of the sensing system, and elliptical modeling that phase-vs-distance characteristics that depending upon geometric rather than electrical characteristics of the sensing system.

摘要翻译： TOF系统的快速校准使用固定的目标物体，并将相移电相引入到TOF系统中以模拟目标物体重定位。 相对较少的参数足以对测量相位和Z距离之间的传递函数进行参数化数学表示。 在TOF系统的实际运行时间期间直接评估相位对距离模型。 建模模型最好包括两个部分：取决于传感系统的电而不是几何特性的相位 - 距离特性的电气建模，以及取决于传感系统的几何而不是电特性的相位 - 距离特性的椭圆建模 。

公开(公告)号：US07464351B2

公开(公告)日：2008-12-09

申请号：US11028290

申请日：2004-12-30

申请人： Cyrus Bamji ,  Xinqiao Liu

发明人： Cyrus Bamji ,  Xinqiao Liu

IPC分类号： G06F17/50

CPC分类号： G01J3/50 ,  G01C3/00 ,  G01S7/4914 ,  G01S7/493 ,  G01S17/36 ,  G01S17/89 ,  H01L27/14601 ,  H01L27/14645 ,  H01L31/02024 ,  H01L31/1133

摘要： CMOS implementable three-dimensional silicon sensors are fabricated using a standard fab but using augmented rules that create mask patterns not expressible with existing fab rules. Standard fab rules are not optimized to produce high quality three-dimensional silicon sensors. Accordingly, the normal set of rules does not permit creating the fab mask patterns necessary for high performance such sensors. However, the present invention can use the fab standard mask set with a rich set of fab instructions to express mask patterns from the mask set that would not otherwise be expressible. The resultant method enables high quality silicon sensors for three-dimensional sensing to be readily mass produced from a standard fab.

摘要翻译： CMOS可实现的三维硅传感器使用标准晶圆厂制造，但使用增强规则，创建不能用现有晶圆厂规则表达的掩模图案。 标准晶圆厂规则未经优化以生产高质量的三维硅传感器。 因此，正常的规则集不允许创建高性能这样的传感器所需的fab掩模图案。 然而，本发明可以使用具有丰富的fab指令集的fab标准掩模集来表示掩模组的掩模图案，否则不能表示。 所得到的方法使得用于三维感测的高质量硅传感器能够容易地从标准晶圆生产。

公开(公告)号：US07408627B2

公开(公告)日：2008-08-05

申请号：US11348737

申请日：2006-02-06

申请人： Cyrus Bamji ,  Ilhami Torunoglu ,  Salih Burak Gokturk

发明人： Cyrus Bamji ,  Ilhami Torunoglu ,  Salih Burak Gokturk

IPC分类号： G01C3/08

CPC分类号： G01C3/08 ,  G01S7/497

摘要： A method and system dynamically calculates confidence levels associated with accuracy of Z depth information obtained by a phase-shift time-of-flight (TOF) system that acquires consecutive images during an image frame. Knowledge of photodetector response to maximum and minimum detectable signals in active brightness and total brightness conditions is known a priori and stored. During system operation brightness threshold filtering and comparing with the a priori data permits identifying those photodetectors whose current output signals are of questionable confidence. A confidence map is dynamically generated and used to advise a user of the system that low confidence data is currently being generated. Parameter(s) other than brightness may also or instead be used.

摘要翻译： 方法和系统动态地计算与通过在图像帧期间获取连续图像的相移时间飞行（TOF）系统获得的Z深度信息的精度相关联的置信水平。 了解光电探测器对主动亮度和总亮度条件下的最大和最小可检测信号的响应是先验已知和存储的。 在系统操作期间，亮度阈值滤波和与先验数据进行比较允许识别当前输出信号具有可信赖性的那些光电探测器。 动态生成置信图，并用于向系统的用户建议当前正在生成低置信度数据。 除了亮度之外的参数也可以或替代地使用。

公开(公告)号：US07352454B2

公开(公告)日：2008-04-01

申请号：US11349017

申请日：2006-02-06

申请人： Cyrus Bamji ,  Hakan Yalcin

发明人： Cyrus Bamji ,  Hakan Yalcin

IPC分类号： G01B11/26 ,  G01C1/00 ,  G01C3/08

CPC分类号： G01S17/89 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01S7/4816 ,  G01S17/08 ,  G01S17/36 ,  H01L27/0805

摘要： TOF and color sensing detector structures have x-axis spaced-apart y-axis extending finger-shaped gate structures with adjacent source collection regions. X-dimension structures are smaller than y-dimension structure and govern performance, characterized by high x-axis electric fields and rapid charge movement, contrasted with lower y-axis electric fields and slower charge movement. Preferably a potential barrier is implanted between adjacent gates and a bias gate is formed intermediate a gate and associated source region. Resultant detector structures can be operated at the more extreme gate voltages that are desirable for high performance.

摘要翻译： TOF和颜色感测检测器结构具有x轴间隔开的y轴延伸的具有相邻源收集区域的指状栅极结构。 X维结构小于y维结构并且控制性能，其特征在于高x轴电场和快速电荷运动，与较低的y轴电场和较慢的电荷运动形成对比。 优选地，在相邻栅极之间注入势垒，并且在栅极和相关源极区之间形成偏压栅极。 所产生的检测器结构可以在高性能所需的更极端的栅极电压下工作。

公开(公告)号：US20080048100A1

公开(公告)日：2008-02-28

申请号：US11705217

申请日：2007-02-12

申请人： Cyrus Bamji ,  Khaled Salama

发明人： Cyrus Bamji ,  Khaled Salama

IPC分类号： H03F3/08

CPC分类号： H04N5/37457 ,  G01S7/4863 ,  G01S7/487 ,  G01S17/08 ,  H04N5/355 ,  H04N5/363

摘要： Effective differential dynamic range and common mode rejection in a differential pixel detector are enhanced by capturing and isolating differential detector charge output before using common mode reset to avoid detector saturation due to common mode components of optical energy to be detected. Differential charge is stored into an integration capacitor associated with an operational amplifier coupled to receive as input the differential detector outputs. Common mode reset is achieved by setting storage capacitors coupled to the outputs of the differential detector at least once within an integration time T before storage potential exceeds a saturation voltage Vsat for the photodetector.

摘要翻译： 在使用共模复位之前，通过捕获和隔离差分检测器电荷输出来增强差分像素检测器中的有效差分动态范围和共模抑制，以避免由于要检测的光能的共模分量而导致的检测器饱和。 差分电荷存储到与被耦合以接收差分检测器输出的输入的运算放大器相关联的积分电容器中。 通过在存储电位超过用于光电检测器的饱和电压V sat之前的积分时间T内设置耦合到差分检测器的输出的存储电容器至少一次来实现共模复位。

公开(公告)号：US20070158533A1

公开(公告)日：2007-07-12

申请号：US11648062

申请日：2006-12-28

申请人： Cyrus Bamji ,  Khaled Salama

发明人： Cyrus Bamji ,  Khaled Salama

IPC分类号： H01L27/00

CPC分类号： H04N5/335 ,  H04N5/355 ,  H04N5/37455

摘要： Dynamic range of a differential pixel is enhanced by injecting, synchronously or asynchronously, a compensating offset (ΔCOMP) into a differential signal capacitor whenever magnitude of the differential signal across the capacitor exceeds a predetermined value. Positive and negative magnitudes of ΔCOMP need not be equal. The number (N) of ΔCOMP offsets made is counted. Effective differential signal capacitor voltage V(t)=Vo±N·ΔCOMP, where Vo is capacitor voltage. In other embodiments magnitude of ΔCOMP in a sequence of compensations can differ, and the sum total of compensations in recorded. Differential pixel signal/noise ratio is increased by dynamically maximizing operational amplifier gain AG for each differential pixel.

摘要翻译： 每当电容器两端的差分信号的大小超过预定值时，通过向差分信号电容器同步或异步地注入补偿偏移（增益COMP）来增强差分像素的动态范围。 Delta＆lt; COMP＆lt; SUB＆gt;的正和负幅度不必相等。 对所制造的Delta COMP 的数量（N）进行计数。 有效差分信号电容电压V（t）= Vo±N.Delta COMP ，其中Vo是电容器电压。 在另一些实施例中，补偿序列中的Delta＆lt; COMP＆gt;的大小可以不同，并且记录的补偿的总和。 通过动态地最大化每个差分像素的运算放大器增益A SUB来提高差分像素信号/噪声比。

公开(公告)号：US20060128087A1

公开(公告)日：2006-06-15

申请号：US11349017

申请日：2006-02-06

申请人： Cyrus Bamji ,  Hakan Yalcin

发明人： Cyrus Bamji ,  Hakan Yalcin

IPC分类号： H01L21/8238 ,  G01C3/08 ,  H01L27/10

CPC分类号： G01S17/89 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01S7/4816 ,  G01S17/08 ,  G01S17/36 ,  H01L27/0805

摘要： TOF and color sensing detector structures have x-axis spaced-apart y-axis extending finger-shaped gate structures with adjacent source collection regions. X-dimension structures are smaller than y-dimension structure and govern performance, characterized by high x-axis electric fields and rapid charge movement, contrasted with lower y-axis electric fields and slower charge movement. Preferably a potential barrier is implanted between adjacent gates and a bias gate is formed intermediate a gate and associated source region. Resultant detector structures can be operated at the more extreme gate voltages that are desirable for high performance.

摘要翻译： TOF和颜色感测检测器结构具有x轴间隔开的y轴延伸的具有相邻源收集区域的指状栅极结构。 X维结构小于y维结构并且控制性能，其特征在于高x轴电场和快速电荷运动，与较低的y轴电场和较慢的电荷运动形成对比。 优选地，在相邻栅极之间注入势垒，并且在栅极和相关源极区之间形成偏压栅极。 所产生的检测器结构可以在高性能所需的更极端的栅极电压下工作。

公开(公告)号：US20050156121A1

公开(公告)日：2005-07-21

申请号：US11028290

申请日：2004-12-30

申请人： Cyrus Bamji ,  Xinqiao Liu

发明人： Cyrus Bamji ,  Xinqiao Liu

IPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  A61N5/00 ,  G01B11/26 ,  G01C3/00 ,  G01N23/00 ,  G01S7/491 ,  G01S7/493 ,  G01S17/08 ,  G01S17/36 ,  G01S17/89 ,  G21G5/00 ,  G21K1/12 ,  H01L20060101 ,  H01L27/146 ,  H01L31/02 ,  H04N3/14 ,  H05G1/60

CPC分类号： G01J3/50 ,  G01C3/00 ,  G01S7/4914 ,  G01S7/493 ,  G01S17/36 ,  G01S17/89 ,  H01L27/14601 ,  H01L27/14645 ,  H01L31/02024 ,  H01L31/1133

摘要： Structures and methods for three-dimensional image sensing using high frequency modulation includes CMOS-implementable sensor structures using differential charge transfer, including such sensors enabling rapid horizontal and slower vertical dimension local charge collection. Wavelength response of such sensors can be altered dynamically by varying gate potentials. Methods for producing such sensor structures on conventional CMOS fabrication facilities include use of “rich” instructions to command the fabrication process to optimize image sensor rather than digital or analog ICs. One detector structure has closely spaced-apart, elongated finger-like structures that rapidly collect charge in the spaced-apart direction and then move collected charge less rapidly in the elongated direction. Detector response is substantially independent of the collection rate in the elongated direction.

摘要翻译： 使用高频调制的三维图像感测的结构和方法包括使用差分电荷转移的CMOS可实现的传感器结构，包括这样的传感器，其能够实现快速的水平和较慢垂直尺寸的局部电荷收集。 这种传感器的波长响应可以通过改变栅极电位而动态地改变。 在常规CMOS制造设备上生产这种传感器结构的方法包括使用“丰富”指令来命令制造过程优化图像传感器而不是数字或模拟IC。 一个检测器结构具有紧密间隔开的细长的指状结构，其以间隔方向快速收集电荷，然后在细长方向上较快地移动收集的电荷。 检测器响应基本上与延伸方向上的收集速率无关。