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    Fuel cell catalyst with metal oxide/phosphate support structure and method of manufacturing same
    1.
    发明授权
    Fuel cell catalyst with metal oxide/phosphate support structure and method of manufacturing same 有权
    具有金属氧化物/磷酸盐载体结构的燃料电池催化剂及其制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US09252431B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-02-02

    申请号：US13147375

    申请日：2009-02-10

    申请人： Belabbes Merzougui ,  Tetsuo Kawamura

    发明人： Belabbes Merzougui ,  Tetsuo Kawamura

    IPC分类号： H01M4/92 ,  B01J21/06 ,  B01J23/89 ,  H01M4/88 ,  B01J21/18 ,  B01J37/02 ,  H01M4/90

    CPC分类号： H01M4/8803 ,  B01J21/18 ,  B01J23/89 ,  B01J37/024 ,  H01M4/9008 ,  H01M4/92 ,  Y02E60/50

    摘要： A fuel cell supported catalyst includes an underlying support structure having at least one of a metal oxide and a metal phosphate. Catalyst particles are arranged onto and in engagement with the support structure. An intermediate conductive, corrosion-resistant layer, such as boron-doped-diamond, is arranged onto and in engagement with the support structure to surround the catalyst particles. The supported catalyst is produced by depositing the intermediate layer onto the support structure after the catalyst particles have been deposited on the underlying support structure, in one example. In another example, voids are provided in the intermediate layer, which has been deposited onto the underlying support structure, to subsequently receive the catalyst particles.

    摘要翻译： 燃料电池负载催化剂包括具有金属氧化物和金属磷酸盐中的至少一种的下面的支撑结构。 催化剂颗粒被布置在支撑结构上并与支撑结构接合。 中间导电耐腐蚀层，例如硼掺杂金刚石，布置在支撑结构上并与载体结构接合以围绕催化剂颗粒。 在一个实例中，在将催化剂颗粒沉积在下面的支撑结构上之后，通过将中间层沉积到载体结构上来制备负载的催化剂。 在另一个实例中，在已经沉积到下面的支撑结构上的中间层中提供空隙以随后接收催化剂颗粒。

    Fuel cell having a stabilized cathode catalyst
    2.
    发明授权
    Fuel cell having a stabilized cathode catalyst 有权
    具有稳定的阴极催化剂的燃料电池

    公开(公告)号：US08389175B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-03-05

    申请号：US12867162

    申请日：2008-05-16

    申请人： Minhua Shao ,  Belabbes Merzougui ,  Patrick L. Hagans ,  Susanne M. Opalka

    发明人： Minhua Shao ,  Belabbes Merzougui ,  Patrick L. Hagans ,  Susanne M. Opalka

    IPC分类号： H01M4/02 ,  H01M4/36 ,  H01M4/92 ,  H01M8/00 ,  H01M8/10 ,  B01J23/00

    CPC分类号： H01M4/8647 ,  H01M4/921 ,  H01M8/086 ,  H01M8/1007 ,  H01M2008/1095 ,  Y02E60/521 ,  Y10S977/773 ,  Y10S977/775

    摘要： A fuel cell (70) having an anode (72), a cathode (78) and an electrolyte (76) between the anode (72) and the cathode (78) includes a cathode catalyst (80) formed of a plurality of nanoparticles. Each nanoparticle (20) has a plurality of terraces (26) formed of platinum surface atoms (14), and a plurality of edge (28) and corner regions (29) formed of atoms from a second metal (30)—The cathode catalyst may be formed by combining a platinum nanoparticle with a metal salt in a solution. Ions from the second metal react with platinum and replace platinum atoms on the nanoparticle. The second metal atoms at the corner and edge regions of the nanoparticle, as well as at any surface defects, result in a more stable catalyst structure. In some embodiments, the fuel cell (70) is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the nanoparticles are tetrahedron-shaped. In some embodiments, the fuel cell (70) is a phosphoric acid fuel cell and the nanoparticles are cubic-shaped.

    摘要翻译： 在阳极（72）和阴极（78）之间具有阳极（72），阴极（78）和电解质（76）的燃料电池（70）包括由多个纳米颗粒形成的阴极催化剂（80）。 每个纳米颗粒（20）具有由铂表面原子（14）形成的多个梯田（26），以及由第二金属（30）的原子形成的多个边缘（28）和拐角区域（29）。阴极催化剂 可以通过将铂纳米颗粒与溶液中的金属盐组合而形成。 来自第二金属的离子与铂反应并且替换纳米颗粒上的铂原子。 在纳米颗粒的角落和边缘区域的第二个金属原子以及任何表面缺陷导致更稳定的催化剂结构。 在一些实施例中，燃料电池（70）是质子交换膜燃料电池，并且纳米颗粒是四面体形状。 在一些实施例中，燃料电池（70）是磷酸燃料电池，并且纳米颗粒是立方体形状。

    Stabilized platinum catalyst
    3.
    发明授权
    Stabilized platinum catalyst 有权
    稳定的铂催化剂

    公开(公告)号：US08304365B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-11-06

    申请号：US12867153

    申请日：2008-05-16

    申请人： Minhua Shao ,  Belabbes Merzougui ,  Patrick L. Hagans ,  Susanne M. Opalka

    发明人： Minhua Shao ,  Belabbes Merzougui ,  Patrick L. Hagans ,  Susanne M. Opalka

    IPC分类号： B01J23/00 ,  H01M8/00

    CPC分类号： B01J35/0013 ,  B01J23/42 ,  B01J23/56 ,  B01J37/0226 ,  B01J37/347 ,  B01J37/348

    摘要： A stabilized platinum nanoparticle has a core portion surrounded by a plurality of outer surfaces. The outer surfaces include terrace regions formed of platinum atoms, and edge and corner regions formed of atoms from a second metal. The stabilized nanoparticle may be formed by combining a platinum nanoparticle with a metal salt in a solution. Ions of the second metal react with platinum and replace platinum atoms on the nanoparticle. Platinum atoms from the edge and corner regions react with the second metal ions quicker than surface atoms from the terraces, due to a greater difference in electrode potential between the platinum atoms at the edge and corner regions, as compared to the second metal in the solution. The platinum nanoparticle may include surface defects, such as steps and kinks, which may also be replaced with atoms of the second metal. In an exemplary embodiment, the platinum nanoparticle is a cathode catalyst in an electro-chemical cell.

    摘要翻译： 稳定的铂纳米颗粒具有由多个外表面包围的芯部分。 外表面包括由铂原子形成的平台区域，以及由第二金属原子形成的边缘和拐角区域。 稳定的纳米颗粒可以通过将铂纳米颗粒与溶液中的金属盐组合而形成。 第二金属的离子与铂反应，并取代纳米颗粒上的铂原子。 由于与溶液中的第二金属相比，在边缘和拐角区域处的铂原子与边缘和角部区域上的铂原子之间的电极电位差异更大，所以来自边缘和角区域的铂原子与第二金属离子比来自梯田的表面原子更快地反应 。 铂纳米颗粒可以包括表面缺陷，例如步骤和扭结，其也可以被第二金属的原子替代。 在示例性实施方案中，铂纳米颗粒是电化学电池中的阴极催化剂。

    Conductive matrices for fuel cell electrodes
    6.
    发明申请
    Conductive matrices for fuel cell electrodes 有权
    燃料电池电极导电基体

    公开(公告)号：US20060251954A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-11-09

    申请号：US11415346

    申请日：2006-05-01

    申请人： Belabbes Merzougui ,  Ion Halalay ,  Michael Carpenter ,  Swathy Swathirajan

    发明人： Belabbes Merzougui ,  Ion Halalay ,  Michael Carpenter ,  Swathy Swathirajan

    IPC分类号： H01M4/96 ,  H01M8/10 ,  H01M4/92

    CPC分类号： H01M4/90 ,  H01M4/86 ,  H01M4/9075 ,  H01M4/92 ,  H01M4/925 ,  H01M8/1004 ,  H01M2004/8689 ,  H01M2008/1095

    摘要： The durability of a fuel cell having a polymer electrolyte membrane with an anode on one surface and an oxygen-reducing cathode on the other surface is improved by replacing conductive carbon matrix materials in an electrode with a matrix of electrically conductive metal compound particles. The electrode includes a catalyst supported on a nanosize metal oxides and electrically conductive nanosize matrix particles of a metal compound. One or more metal compounds such as a boride, carbide, nitride, silicide, carbonitride, oxyboride, oxycarbide, or oxynitride of a metal such as cobalt, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, neodymium niobium, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, and zirconium is suitable. For example, the combination of platinum particles deposited on titanium dioxide support particles mixed in a conductive matrix of titanium carbide particles provides an electrode with good oxygen reduction capability and corrosion resistance in an acid environment.

    摘要翻译： 通过用导电金属化合物颗粒的基体代替电极中的导电性碳基体材料，改善了具有在一个表面上具有阳极的聚合物电解质膜和另一表面上的除氧阴极的燃料电池的耐久性。 电极包括负载在纳米尺寸金属氧化物上的催化剂和金属化合物的导电纳米尺寸基质颗粒。 金属如钴，铬，镍，钼，钕，铌，钽，钛，钨，钒和锆的一种或多种金属化合物，例如硼化物，碳化物，氮化物，硅化物，碳氮化物，氧硼化物，碳氧化物或氧氮化物 适合。 例如，沉积在二氧化钛载体颗粒上的铂颗粒的组合在碳化钛颗粒的导电基质中混合提供了在酸性环境中具有良好的氧还原能力和耐腐蚀性的电极。

    Carbide stabilized catalyst structures and method of making
    8.
    发明授权
    Carbide stabilized catalyst structures and method of making 有权
    硬质合金稳定的催化剂结构及其制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US08679704B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-03-25

    申请号：US13320313

    申请日：2009-05-14

    申请人： Minhua Shao ,  Belabbes Merzougui

    发明人： Minhua Shao ,  Belabbes Merzougui

    IPC分类号： H01M4/90 ,  H01M4/88 ,  B01J23/38

    CPC分类号： H01M4/92 ,  H01M4/9083 ,  H01M4/921 ,  H01M4/923

    摘要： A catalyst structure for an electrochemical cell includes a catalyst support structure, catalyst particles and an outer carbide film. The catalyst particles are deposited on the catalyst support structure. The outer carbide film is formed on the catalyst support structure. The outer carbide film surrounds the catalyst particles.

    摘要翻译： 电化学电池的催化剂结构包括催化剂载体结构，催化剂颗粒和外碳化物膜。 催化剂颗粒沉积在催化剂载体结构上。 外部碳化物膜形成在催化剂载体结构上。 外侧碳化物膜包围催化剂颗粒。

    Tungsten-containing hydrogen-storage materials for anodes of PEM fuel cells
    10.
    发明授权
    Tungsten-containing hydrogen-storage materials for anodes of PEM fuel cells 有权
    含有PEM燃料电池阳极的含钨储氢材料

    公开(公告)号：US08557485B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-10-15

    申请号：US12332440

    申请日：2008-12-11

    申请人： Ion C. Halalay ,  Belabbes Merzougui ,  Gregory C. Garabedian ,  Michael P. Balogh ,  Swathy Swathirajan

    发明人： Ion C. Halalay ,  Belabbes Merzougui ,  Gregory C. Garabedian ,  Michael P. Balogh ,  Swathy Swathirajan

    IPC分类号： H01M4/02

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04216 ,  H01M4/8647 ,  H01M4/92 ,  H01M4/926 ,  H01M8/1007

    摘要： The incorporation of tungsten-containing hydrogen spillover materials into a composite fuel cell anode can be helpful in preserving the carbon catalyst support materials in the fuel cell cathode during periods of hydrogen starvation. Preferred examples of such tungsten-containing hydrogen spillover materials are tungsten oxides and tungsten silicides. These materials, when physically mixed with catalyst-loaded carbon support particles in a composite anode, have shown the ability to promote hydrogen storage in amounts that, during a disruption of hydrogen gas flow, can postpone an anodic potential excursion into the oxygen evolution region for a period of at least several seconds.

    摘要翻译： 将含钨氢气溢出物质掺入复合燃料电池阳极可有助于在氢气饥饿期间保持燃料电池阴极中的碳催化剂载体材料。 这种含钨氢气溢出材料的优选实例是钨氧化物和硅化钨。 这些材料在复合阳极中与催化剂负载的碳载体颗粒物理混合时已经显示出促进氢储存的能力，其量在氢气流动破坏期间可以将阳极电位偏移推迟到氧气进入区域 至少几秒的时间。