公开(公告)号：US06977383B2

公开(公告)日：2005-12-20

申请号：US10750022

申请日：2003-12-31

申请人： Harry R. Rieger ,  I. C. Edmond Turcu ,  James Morris

发明人： Harry R. Rieger ,  I. C. Edmond Turcu ,  James Morris

IPC分类号： G21K1/00 ,  H01J3/00 ,  H05G2/00 ,  H05H1/00 ,  H05H6/00

CPC分类号： G03F7/70916 ,  G03F7/70033 ,  G03F7/70825 ,  H05G2/00 ,  H05G2/001 ,  H05G2/005

摘要： A method and apparatus for generating membrane targets for a laser induced plasma is disclosed herein. Membranes are advantageous targets for laser induced plasma because they are very thin and can be readily illuminated by high-power coherent light, such as a laser, and converted into plasma. Membranes are also advantageous because illumination of the membrane with coherent light produces less debris and splashing than illumination of a thicker, solid target. Spherical membranes possess additional advantages in that they can be readily illuminated from variety of directions and because they can be easily placed (i.e. blown) into a target region for illumination by coherent light. Membranes are also advantageous because they can be formed from a liquid or molten phase of the target material. According to another embodiment, membranes can be formed from a solution in which the target materials are solvated. Membranes can be formed an a variety of ways, such as by rotating a circular apparatus through a reservoir of liquid target material such that membranes form across apertures that are disposed in the circular apparatus. Spherical membranes can also be formed by applying a gas (i.e. blowing) against a membrane formed in an aperture of a circular apparatus.

摘要翻译： 本文公开了一种用于产生激光诱导等离子体的膜靶的方法和装置。 膜是激光诱导等离子体的有利目标，因为它们非常薄并且可以容易地被大功率相干光（例如激光）照射并转换成等离子体。 膜也是有利的，因为具有相干光的膜的照射比较厚的固体靶的照射产生更少的碎屑和飞溅。 球形膜具有额外的优点，因为它们可以容易地从各种方向照射，并且因为它们可以容易地被放置（即吹制）到目标区域中以通过相干光照射。 膜也是有利的，因为它们可以由靶材料的液相或熔融相形成。 根据另一个实施方案，膜可以由目标材料溶剂化的溶液形成。 膜可以以各种方式形成，例如通过旋转圆形装置通过液体目标材料的储存器，使得膜形成在设置在圆形装置中的孔之间。 球形膜也可以通过对形成在圆形装置的孔中的膜施加气体（即吹）而形成。

公开(公告)号：US06831935B2

公开(公告)日：2004-12-14

申请号：US10109999

申请日：2002-03-29

申请人： Jun Ye ,  Henry C. Kapteyn ,  John L. Hall ,  Robert K. Shelton ,  Margaret Murnane ,  Long-Sheng Ma

发明人： Jun Ye ,  Henry C. Kapteyn ,  John L. Hall ,  Robert K. Shelton ,  Margaret Murnane ,  Long-Sheng Ma

IPC分类号： H01S3098

CPC分类号： H01S3/1109 ,  H01S3/094061 ,  H01S3/1394 ,  H01S3/2383 ,  H05G2/00

摘要： Accurate and efficient synchronization of two pulsed radiation sources (e.g. iwo mode locked lasers) is accomplished in stages. Rough synchronization is accomplished by synchronizing (for example) the fundamental repetition rate of the two lasers. Fine synchronization is accomplished by synchronizing high harmonics of the two lasers. More accurate synchronization may be accomplished by adding more stages, by utilizing light out of a nonlinear laser in which the two beams are crossed, or by utilizing heterodyne beats of the two laser beams. A dc offset signal may added to the control signal generated by the synchronization stages.

摘要翻译： 两个脉冲辐射源（例如两个模式锁定激光器）的准确和有效的同步分阶段完成。 通过同步（例如）两个激光器的基本重复率来实现粗略同步。 通过同步两个激光器的高次谐波来实现精细同步。 可以通过使用两个光束交叉的非线性激光器中的光或者通过利用两个激光束的外差拍子来添加更多级来实现更准确的同步。 直流偏移信号可以被添加到由同步级产生的控制信号。

公开(公告)号：US06724782B2

公开(公告)日：2004-04-20

申请号：US10137262

申请日：2002-04-30

申请人： Frederic V. Hartemann ,  Hector A. Baldis ,  Chris P. J. Barty ,  David J. Gibson ,  Bernhard Rupp

发明人： Frederic V. Hartemann ,  Hector A. Baldis ,  Chris P. J. Barty ,  David J. Gibson ,  Bernhard Rupp

IPC分类号： H01G330

CPC分类号： G03F7/70008 ,  H05G2/00

摘要： A femtosecond laser-electron X-ray source. A high-brightness relativistic electron injector produces an electron beam pulse train. A system accelerates the electron beam pulse train. The femtosecond laser-electron X-ray source includes a high intra-cavity power, mode-locked laser and an x-ray optics system.

摘要翻译： 飞秒激光电子X射线源。 高亮度相对论电子注入器产生电子束脉冲串。 系统加速电子束脉冲串。 飞秒激光电子X射线源包括高腔体功率，锁模激光器和x射线光学系统。

公开(公告)号：US06678351B1

公开(公告)日：2004-01-13

申请号：US09564957

申请日：2000-05-04

申请人： Michael D. Perry ,  Joseph A. Sefcik

发明人： Michael D. Perry ,  Joseph A. Sefcik

IPC分类号： G21G400

CPC分类号： H05G2/00

摘要： A method of imaging an object by generating laser pulses with a short-pulse, high-power laser. When the laser pulse strikes a conductive target, bremsstrahlung radiation is generated such that hard ballistic high-energy electrons are formed to penetrate an object. A detector on the opposite side of the object detects these electrons. Since laser pulses are used to form the hard x-rays, multiple pulses can be used to image an object in motion, such as an exploding or compressing object, by using time gated detectors. Furthermore, the laser pulses can be directed down different tubes using mirrors and filters so that each laser pulse will image a different portion of the object.

摘要翻译： 通过用短脉冲大功率激光产生激光脉冲来对物体进行成像的方法。 当激光脉冲撞击导电靶时，产生bre致辐射，使得形成硬质弹性高能电子以穿透物体。 物体的另一侧的探测器检测这些电子。 由于使用激光脉冲来形成硬X射线，所以可以使用多个脉冲来通过使用时间选通检测器来对运动中的物体（例如爆炸或压缩物体）进行成像。 此外，可以使用反射镜和滤光器将激光脉冲引导到不同的管，使得每个激光脉冲将对对象的不同部分进行成像。

公开(公告)号：US06459766B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-01

申请号：US09551236

申请日：2000-04-17

申请人： Triveni Srinivasan-Rao

发明人： Triveni Srinivasan-Rao

IPC分类号： H01S300

CPC分类号： H05G2/00

摘要： A photon generator includes an electron gun for emitting an electron beam, a laser for emitting a laser beam, and an interaction ring wherein the laser beam repetitively collides with the electron beam for emitting a high energy photon beam therefrom in the exemplary form of x-rays. The interaction ring is a closed loop, sized and configured for circulating the electron beam with a period substantially equal to the period of the laser beam pulses for effecting repetitive collisions.

摘要翻译： 光子发生器包括用于发射电子束的电子枪，用于发射激光束的激光器和相互作用环，其中激光束与电子束重复地碰撞，以从X射线衍射的示例性形式发射高能量的光子束， 射线 相互作用环是闭环，其尺寸和构造用于使电子束以基本上等于激光束脉冲周期的周期循环，以实现重复碰撞。

公开(公告)号：US06226354B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-01

申请号：US09195103

申请日：1998-11-18

申请人： Takayoshi Mamine

发明人： Takayoshi Mamine

IPC分类号： G21G400

CPC分类号： H05G2/00

摘要： A short-wavelength electromagnetic-radiation generator includes a pair of concave reflectors, a laser source for emitting a laser beam so as to be incident between the concave reflectors, and an electron beam generator for emitting an electron beam so as to be incident on the laser beam, which is repeatedly reflected and converged.

摘要翻译： 短波长电磁辐射发生器包括一对凹面反射器，用于发射激光束以入射在凹面反射器之间的激光源，以及用于发射电子束以便入射到其上的电子束发生器 激光束，反射和收敛。

公开(公告)号：US06215851B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-10

申请号：US09120941

申请日：1998-07-22

申请人： Raymond John Meilunas ,  Stephan Taras Melnychuk ,  Frederick F. Zimmerman, Jr.

发明人： Raymond John Meilunas ,  Stephan Taras Melnychuk ,  Frederick F. Zimmerman, Jr.

IPC分类号： G21G400

CPC分类号： H05G2/00 ,  H05H6/00

摘要： In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a proton beam target for generating gamma rays which are generated therefrom in response to an impinging proton beam. The proton beam target is provided with a 13C gamma reaction layer for generating the gamma rays therefrom. The proton beam target is further provided with a stopping layer for mitigating transmission of the proton beam therethrough. The stopping layer is formed of a refractory metal which is hydrogen soluble for dissolving implanted hydrogen molecules therewithin as a result of the impingement of the proton beam and which is chemically reactive with the 13C gamma reaction layer for chemically bonding therewith.

摘要翻译： 根据本发明，提供了一种用于产生伽马射线的质子束目标，其由响应于入射质子束而产生的伽马射线。 质子束靶设置有用于从其产生γ射线的13 Cγ反应层。 质子束靶还具有用于减轻质子束透过的阻挡层。 停止层由难溶性金属形成，该难熔金属由于质子束的撞击而溶解于其中的注入的氢分子，并且与13Cγ反应层发生化学反应，以与其化学键合。

公开(公告)号：US06201851B1

公开(公告)日：2001-03-13

申请号：US09148524

申请日：1998-09-04

申请人： Melvin A. Piestrup ,  Louis W. Lombardo ,  Valery V. Kaplin

发明人： Melvin A. Piestrup ,  Louis W. Lombardo ,  Valery V. Kaplin

IPC分类号： H01J3508

CPC分类号： H05H7/06 ,  H05G2/00

摘要： An apparatus is provided for generating high-intensity x-rays for medical, industrial, and scientific purposes. A thin radiator is placed inside a betatron as an internal target. The radiators are thin enough and the energy of the electron beam is high enough such that the electrons pass through the radiator and return a plurality of times. The average current through the thin radiator is increased by the average number of times the electrons pass through the radiator. Thus, both the average x-ray power and the wall-plug efficiency of the apparatus are increased. In addition, for the betatron the required electron-beam energy is much smaller than that require for recirculation in storage ring and microwave-power cavity acceleration booster rings. This is because the path length around betatron toroid is much shorter; thus, the recycling process is less affected by scattering and energy loss. Since the betatron is technically simple, inexpensive and robust, it is economically and technically superior to prior art synchrotron emitters and internal radiators inside storage and beam stretcher rings.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于产生用于医疗，工业和科学目的的高强度x射线的装置。 一个薄的散热器作为内部目标放置在betatron内部。 散热器足够薄，电子束的能量足够高，使得电子通过散热器并返回多次。 通过薄辐射器的平均电流增加了电子通过散热器的平均次数。 因此，装置的平均x射线功率和壁塞效率都增加。 此外，对于贝塔酮，所需的电子束能量远小于储存环和微波功率腔加速度增压环中再循环所需的电子束能量。 这是因为betatron环形线周围的路径长度要短得多; 因此，回收过程受散射和能量损失的影响较小。 由于白炽灯技术上简单，便宜且坚固，在现有技术的同步加速器发射器和内部散热器内部，在经济和技术上都优于存储和射束担架环。

公开(公告)号：US6115452A

公开(公告)日：2000-09-05

申请号：US186875

申请日：1998-11-04

申请人： Roscoe E. Marrs

发明人： Roscoe E. Marrs

IPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  G01N23/225 ,  G21K5/02 ,  H05G2/00 ,  G21G4/00

CPC分类号： A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/481 ,  A61B6/504 ,  G01N23/2257 ,  G21K5/02 ,  H05G2/00 ,  A61B6/4092 ,  A61B6/4241 ,  A61B6/502

摘要： An extremely small (1-250 micron FWHM) beam of slow highly charged ions deexciting on an x-ray production target generates x-ray monochromatic radiation that is passed through a specimen and detected for imaging. The resolution of the x-ray radiograms is improved and such detection is achieved with relatively low dosages of radiation passing through the specimen. An apparatus containing an electron beam ion trap (and modifications thereof) equipped with a focusing column serves as a source of ions that generate radiation projected onto an image detector. Electronic and other detectors are able to detect an increased amount of radiation per pixel than achieved by previous methods and apparati.

摘要翻译： 在X射线产生目标上去激发的非常小的（1-250微米FWHM）慢速高电荷离子束产生通过样品并检测成像的X射线单色辐射。 x射线放射图的分辨率得到改善，并且通过穿过样本的相对低的辐射剂量实现了这种检测。 装备有聚光柱的电子束离子阱（及其变型）的装置用作产生投射到图像检测器上的辐射的离子源。 电子和其他检测器能够检测到比以前的方法和装置实现的每像素增加的辐射量。

公开(公告)号：US5495515A

公开(公告)日：1996-02-27

申请号：US220874

申请日：1994-03-31

申请人： Kazuo Imasaki

发明人： Kazuo Imasaki

IPC分类号： G21K5/02 ,  H01L21/027 ,  H01S3/00 ,  H01S3/0959 ,  H05G2/00 ,  H01J35/14

CPC分类号： H05G2/00

摘要： A method and apparatus for producing high-intensity X-rays or .gamma.-rays by accumulating a laser beam in an optical resonator having ultra-high reflectivity mirrors. With this arrangement, it is possible to produce powerful X-rays or .gamma.-rays even if the laser beam used is not powerful enough. A laser beam from a laser is injected into an optical resonator and accumulated therein. The optical resonator has an opposed pair of mirrors having a reflectivity of more than 0.999%. An electron beam may be introduced obliquely into the optical resonator and collided against the laser beam. In the interaction area thus created, X-rays or .gamma.-rays are produced due to the Compton scattering and propagated out of the optical resonator.

摘要翻译： 一种用于通过在具有超高反射镜的光学谐振器中积聚激光束来产生高强度X射线或γ射线的方法和装置。 通过这种布置，即使使用的激光束的强度不够强，也可以产生强大的X射线或γ射线。 将来自激光器的激光束注入到光学谐振器中并积聚在其中。 光学谐振器具有反射率大于0.999％的相对对的反射镜。 电子束可以倾斜地引入到光学谐振器中并与激光束相撞。 在如此产生的相互作用区域中，由于康普顿散射而产生X射线或γ射线，并从光学谐振器传出。