公开(公告)号：US20060269452A1

公开(公告)日：2006-11-30

申请号：US11502294

申请日：2006-08-09

Applicant: Yan Liu ,  Hamish Small ,  Nabojsa Avdalovic

Inventor： Yan Liu ,  Hamish Small ,  Nabojsa Avdalovic

IPC: B01L9/00

CPC classification number: G01N30/96 ,  C25B1/16 ,  C25B1/22 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/34 ,  G01N2030/965 ,  Y10T436/25 ,  B01D15/36 ,  B01D15/426

Abstract: Method and apparatus for generating an acid or base, e.g. for chromatographic analysis of anions. For generating a base the method includes the steps of providing a cation source in a cation source reservoir, flowing an aqueous liquid stream through a base generation chamber separated from the cation source reservoir by a barrier (e.g. a charged membrane) substantially preventing liquid flow while providing a cation transport bridge, applying an electric potential between an anode cation source reservoir and a cathode in the base generation chamber to electrolytically generate hydroxide ions therein and to cause cations in the cation source reservoir to electromigrate and to be transported across the barrier toward the cathode to combine with the transported cations to form cation hydroxide, and removing the cation hydroxide in an aqueous liquid stream as an effluent from the first base generation chamber. Suitable cation sources include a salt solution, a cation hydroxide solution or cation exchange resin.

公开(公告)号：US06562628B1

公开(公告)日：2003-05-13

申请号：US09612113

申请日：2000-07-07

Applicant: Yan Liu ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic ,  Hamish Small

Inventor： Yan Liu ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic ,  Hamish Small

IPC: G01N3002

CPC classification number: G01N30/96 ,  G01N30/34 ,  G01N2030/965 ,  B01D15/361

Abstract: A combination electrolytic suppressor and separate eluent generator and method. The suppressor includes a chromatography effluent flow channel, an ion receiving flow channel, and a first suppressor ion exchange barrier therebetween permeable to electrolyte ions but not liquid flow. The effluent from the chromatography effluent compartment flows through the detector, the ion receiving channel, and to an eluent generator. The generator includes a first generator electrode in a first generator electrode chamber, an electrolyte ion reservoir, a first charged generator barrier separating the first eluent generator electrode chamber from the electrolyte ion reservoir, preventing liquid flow but permitting transport of said electrolyte ions, and a second generator electrode on the opposite side of the first generator barrier from the first generator electrode. Fluid flows from the ion receiving flow channel past the second generator electrode. Acid or base electrolytically generated in the first generator electrode chamber flows as an eluent stream to the chromatographic separator.

Abstract translation: 一种组合电解抑制器和单独的洗脱液发生器和方法。 抑制剂包括层析流出物流动通道，离子接收流动通道，以及可渗透电解质离子而不是液体流动的第一抑制离子交换屏障。 来自色谱流出物室的流出物流过检测器，离子接收通道和洗脱液发生器。 发电机包括在第一发电机电极室中的第一发电机电极，电解质离子储存器，将第一洗脱液发生器电极室与电解质离子储存器分开的第一带电发生器屏障，防止液体流动但允许所述电解质离子的运输，以及 第二发生器电极位于第一发生器屏障的与第一发生器电极相反的一侧上。 流体从离子接收流路流过第二发生器电极。 在第一发生器电极室中电解生成的酸或碱作为洗脱液流动进入色谱分离器。

公开(公告)号：US06508985B2

公开(公告)日：2003-01-21

申请号：US09877666

申请日：2001-06-08

Applicant: Hamish Small ,  Yan Liu ,  John M. Riviello ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic ,  Kannan Srinivasan

Inventor： Hamish Small ,  Yan Liu ,  John M. Riviello ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic ,  Kannan Srinivasan

IPC: G01N3002

CPC classification number: G01N30/96 ,  G01N2030/965

Abstract: An electrolyitic suppressor including (a) a suppressor bed of ion exchange resin, (b) an electrode chamber adjacent the suppressor, (c) a first electrode in the electrode chamber, (d) a barrier separating the suppressor bed from the first electrode chamber preventing significant liquid flow but permitting transport of ions only of the same charge as the suppressor bed resin, (e) a second electrode in electrical communication with the resin bed, and (f) a recycle conduit between the suppressor outlet port and said electrode chamber. The second electrode may be in contact with the ion exchange resin in the suppressor or located in second electrode chamber. For anion analysis, the method of using the apparatus includes: (a) flowing an aqueous liquid sample stream containing anions to be detected and cation hydroxide through the separator bed, (b) flowing the aqueous effluent from the separator bed through the flow-through suppressor, (c) flowing the effluent liquid from the suppressor past a detector, (d) recycling said liquid effluent from the detector through a cathode chamber proximate to the suppressor bed and separated by the first barrier, and (e) applying an electrical potential between the cathode and the anode. Water is electrolyzed at the anode to cause cations on the cation exchange resin to electromigrate toward the barrier and to be transported across the barrier toward the cathode while water in the cathode chamber is electrolyzed to generate hydroxide ions which combine with the transported cations to form cation hydroxide in the cathode chamber.

Abstract translation: 一种电解抑制器，包括（a）离子交换树脂的抑制床，（b）与抑制器相邻的电极室，（c）电极室中的第一电极，（d）将抑制床与第一电极室 防止显着的液体流动，但允许仅与抑制床树脂相同的电荷的离子的输送，（e）与树脂床电连通的第二电极，和（f）在抑制器出口和电极室之间的再循环管道 。 第二电极可以与抑制器中的离子交换树脂接触或位于第二电极室中。 对于阴离子分析，使用该装置的方法包括：（a）使含有待检测的阴离子和阳离子氢氧化物的含水液体样品流通过分离床，（b）使来自分离器床的水性流出物流过流过 （c）将来自抑制器的流出液体流过检测器，（d）将来自检测器的所述液体流出物再循环通过靠近抑制床的阴极室并被第一屏障分离，以及（e）施加电势 在阴极和阳极之间。 在阳极处电解水以使阳离子交换树脂上的阳离子电致化学势垒，并将阴极室内的水转移至阴极，同时电解阴极室内的水，以产生氢氧化物离子，与运送的阳离子结合形成阳离子 氢氧化物在阴极室中。

公开(公告)号：US06325976B1

公开(公告)日：2001-12-04

申请号：US09031221

申请日：1998-02-26

Applicant: Hamish Small ,  Yan Liu ,  John M. Riviello ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic ,  Kannan Srinivasan

Inventor： Hamish Small ,  Yan Liu ,  John M. Riviello ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic ,  Kannan Srinivasan

IPC: G01N3002

Abstract: An electrolyitic suppressor including (a) a suppressor bed of ion exchange resin, (b) an electrode chamber adjacent the suppressor, (c) a first electrode in the electrode chamber, (d) a barrier separating the suppressor bed from the first electrode chamber preventing significant liquid flow but permitting transport of ions only of the same charge as the suppressor bed resin, (e) a second electrode in electrical communication with the resin bed, and (f) a recycle conduit between the suppressor outlet port and said electrode chamber. The second electrode may be in contact with the ion exchange resin in the suppressor or located in second electrode chamber. For anion analysis, the method of using the apparatus includes: (a) flowing an aqueous liquid sample stream containing anions to be detected and cation hydroxide through the separator bed, (b) flowing the aqueous effluent from the separator bed through the flow-through suppressor, (c) flowing the effluent liquid from the suppressor past a detector, (d) recycling said liquid effluent from the detector through a cathode chamber proximate to the suppressor bed and separated by the first barrier, and (e) applying an electrical potential between the cathode and the anode. Water is electrolyzed at the anode to cause cations on the cation exchange resin to electromigrate toward the barrier and to be transported across the barrier toward the cathode while water in the cathode chamber is electrolyzed to generate hydroxide ions which combine with the transported cations to form cation hydroxide in the cathode chamber.

Abstract translation: 一种电解抑制器，包括（a）离子交换树脂的抑制床，（b）与抑制器相邻的电极室，（c）电极室中的第一电极，（d）将抑制床与第一电极室 防止显着的液体流动，但允许仅与抑制床树脂相同的电荷的离子的输送，（e）与树脂床电连通的第二电极，和（f）在抑制器出口和电极室之间的再循环管道 。 第二电极可以与抑制器中的离子交换树脂接触或位于第二电极室中。 对于阴离子分析，使用该装置的方法包括：（a）使含有待检测的阴离子和阳离子氢氧化物的含水液体样品流通过分离床，（b）使来自分离器床的水性流出物流过流过 （c）将来自抑制器的流出液体流过检测器，（d）将来自检测器的所述液体流出物再循环通过靠近抑制床的阴极室并被第一屏障分离，以及（e）施加电势 在阴极和阳极之间。 在阳极处电解水以使阳离子交换树脂上的阳离子电致化学势垒，并将阴极室内的水转移至阴极，同时电解阴极室内的水，以产生氢氧化物离子，与运送的阳离子结合形成阳离子 氢氧化物在阴极室中。

公开(公告)号：US06316270B1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-13

申请号：US09470192

申请日：1999-12-23

Applicant: Hamish Small ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic ,  Yan Liu

Inventor： Hamish Small ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic ,  Yan Liu

IPC: G01N3002

CPC classification number: B01J39/26 ,  B01J47/08 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/34 ,  G01N2030/407 ,  G01N2030/965 ,  Y10T436/117497 ,  B01D15/362

Abstract: A method for generating high purity acid or base in an aqueous stream for use as an eluent for chromatography and, particularly, ion chromatography. For generating a base for anion chromatography, the aqueous stream is directed through a cation exchange bed having a first strongly acidic and a second weakly acidic portions. An electrical potential is applied to the bed. Cations on the bed electromigrate into the aqueous stream while hydroxide ions are electrolytically generated to form a base-containing eluent. Anions to be detected and the generated eluent flow through a chromatographic separator. The chromatographic effluent flows past a detector.

Abstract translation: 一种在含水流中产生高纯度酸或碱的方法，用作色谱法，特别是离子色谱法的洗脱剂。 为了产生用于阴离子色谱的碱，水流被引导通过具有第一强酸性和第二弱酸性部分的阳离子交换床。 电位施加到床上。 床上的阳离子电迁移到水流中，同时电解产生氢氧根离子以形成含碱的洗脱液。 要检测的阴离子和产生的洗脱液流经色谱分离器。 色谱流出物流过检测器。

公开(公告)号：US06225129B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-01

申请号：US09017050

申请日：1998-02-02

Applicant: Yan Liu ,  Hamish Small ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic

Inventor： Yan Liu ,  Hamish Small ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic

IPC: G01N3002

CPC classification number: G01N30/96 ,  C25B1/16 ,  C25B1/22 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/34 ,  G01N2030/965 ,  Y10T436/25 ,  B01D15/36 ,  B01D15/426

Abstract: Method and apparatus for generating an acid or base, e.g. for chromatographic analysis of anions. For generating a base the method includes the steps of providing a cation source in a cation source reservoir, flowing an aqueous liquid stream through a base generation chamber separated from the cation source reservoir by a barrier (e.g. a charged membrane) substantially preventing liquid flow while providing a cation transport bridge, applying an electric potential between an anode cation source reservoir and a cathode in the base generation chamber to electrolytically generate hydroxide ions therein and to cause cations in the cation source reservoir to electromigrate and to be transported across the barrier toward the cathode to combine with the transported cations to form cation hydroxide, and removing the cation hydroxide in an aqueous liquid stream as an effluent from the first base generation chamber. Suitable cation sources include a salt solution, a cation hydroxide solution or cation exchange resin.

Abstract translation: 用于产生酸或碱的方法和设备，例如， 用于阴离子的色谱分析。 为了产生碱，该方法包括以下步骤：在阳离子源储存器中提供阳离子源，使水性液体流通过基本上防止液体流动的屏障（例如带电膜）与阳离子源储存器分离的碱性产生室流动， 提供阳离子输送桥，在基底产生室中的阳极阳离子源储存器和阴极之间施加电位以在其中电解产生氢氧根离子，并使阳离子源储存器中的阳离子电迁移并穿过屏障向着 阴极与所运送的阳离子结合以形成阳离子氢氧化物，并且以水溶液流中的阳离子氢氧化物作为来自第一碱基产生室的流出物除去。 合适的阳离子源包括盐溶液，阳离子氢氧化物溶液或阳离子交换树脂。

公开(公告)号：US6036921A

公开(公告)日：2000-03-14

申请号：US6096

申请日：1998-01-13

Applicant: Hamish Small ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic ,  Yan Liu

Inventor： Hamish Small ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic ,  Yan Liu

IPC: G01N30/02 ,  B01J39/26 ,  B01J47/08 ,  G01N30/26 ,  G01N30/34 ,  G01N30/40 ,  G01N30/60 ,  G01N30/96

CPC classification number: B01J39/26 ,  B01J47/08 ,  G01N30/34 ,  G01N2030/407 ,  G01N2030/965 ,  G01N30/02 ,  Y10T436/117497

Abstract: An apparatus for generating high purity acid or base in an aqueous stream for use as an eluent for chromatography and, particularly, ion chromatography. For generating a base for anion chromatography, the aqueous stream is directed through a cation exchange bed. An electrical potential is applied to the bed. Cations on the bed electromigrate into the aqueous stream while hydroxide ions are electrolytically generated to form a base-containing eluent. Anions to be detected and the generated eluent flow through a chromatographic separator and a detector. In one embodiment, between separation and detection, the separated anion stream flows through a second cation exchange bed with no electrical potential applied. The second bed serves as a suppressor. After completion of the desired number of cycles, flow through the first and second cation exchange beds may be reversed by appropriate valving for the next sample stream. An electrical potential is applied to the second bed while the potential is discontinued in the first bed. Thus, the second bed generates eluent and the first bed suppresses conductivity of the base. In another embodiment, the second cation exchange bed is disposed after the detector as a sink to retain the cations of the base and the eluent. By appropriate valving, flow may be reversed through the first and second beds with potential applied in the second bed but not the first bed. During the reversal setting of the valving, the second bed generates the base.

Abstract translation: 一种用于在水流中产生高纯度酸或碱的装置，用作色谱法的洗脱剂，特别是离子色谱法。 为了产生阴离子色谱法的碱，将水流引导通过阳离子交换床。 电位施加到床上。 床上的阳离子电迁移到水流中，同时电解产生氢氧根离子以形成含碱的洗脱液。 要检测的阴离子和产生的洗脱液流过色谱分离器和检测器。 在一个实施方案中，在分离和检测之间，分离的阴离子物流流过不施加电势的第二阳离子交换床。 第二张床是抑制者。 在完成所需数量的循环后，通过第一和第二阳离子交换床的流动可以通过用于下一个样品流的合适的阀来反转。 当第一床中的电位停止时，电位施加到第二床。 因此，第二床产生洗脱液，第一床抑制碱的导电性。 在另一个实施方案中，第二阳离子交换床设置在检测器之后作为水槽以保留碱和阳离子的阳离子。 通过适当的阀门，流动可以通过第一床和第二床反转，其中潜在地施加在第二床中而不是第一床。 在阀的反转设置期间，第二床产生基座。

公开(公告)号：US6027643A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-22

申请号：US145120

申请日：1998-09-02

Applicant: Hamish Small ,  John M. Riviello ,  Yan Liu ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic

Inventor： Hamish Small ,  John M. Riviello ,  Yan Liu ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic

IPC: G01N30/02 ,  B01D15/08 ,  B01J39/26 ,  B01J41/20 ,  G01N30/34 ,  G01N30/60 ,  G01N30/96

CPC classification number: G01N30/96 ,  G01N30/34 ,  G01N2030/965

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for electrolytically generating an acid or base eluent in an aqueous solution and for simultaneously suppressing conductivity of the eluent in an ion exchange bed after chromatographic separation in an ion chromatography system.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于在离子色谱系统中色谱分离后在水溶液中电解产生酸或碱洗脱液并同时抑制离子交换床中的洗脱液的电导率的方法和装置。

公开(公告)号：US5569365A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-29

申请号：US398147

申请日：1995-03-03

Applicant: Steven B. Rabin ,  Hamish Small ,  John M. Riviello

Inventor： Steven B. Rabin ,  Hamish Small ,  John M. Riviello

IPC: G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/60 ,  G01N30/96 ,  B01D15/08 ,  B01D61/48

CPC classification number: G01N30/96 ,  G01N2030/965

Abstract: A method and apparatus using suppression of eluents for the analysis of anions or cations in ion chromatography. The invention relates to the intermittent use of the electric field during electrochemical suppression to minimize background noise during detection of the ionic species caused by the application of an electric field using an electrolytic membrane suppressor. Using this intermittent electrochemical suppression system allows the detection of the analyte in the absence of the electric field. The system finds particular benefit in reducing background noise created during electrochemical suppression, and in reducing the baseline interference when analyzing organic solvent-containing samples.

Abstract translation: 在离子色谱法中使用抑制洗脱液进行阴离子或阳离子分析的方法和装置。 本发明涉及在电化学抑制期间间歇地使用电场，以使由使用电解膜抑制器的电场施加引起的离子物质检测期间的背景噪声最小化。 使用这种间歇电化学抑制系统允许在没有电场的情况下检测分析物。 该系统在减少电化学抑制期间产生的背景噪声以及在分析含有机溶剂的样品时降低基线干扰方面具有特别的益处。

公开(公告)号：US4705636A

公开(公告)日：1987-11-10

申请号：US756894

申请日：1985-07-19

Applicant: Hamish Small ,  Inder Mani

Inventor： Hamish Small ,  Inder Mani

IPC: B01D67/00 ,  B01D69/12 ,  B01D71/82 ,  C08J5/22 ,  B01D13/00

CPC classification number: B01D67/0088 ,  B01D69/12 ,  B01D71/82 ,  C08J5/2287 ,  C08J5/2293 ,  C08J2327/04 ,  C08J2333/12

Abstract: This invention relates to an ionic polymer, method for making a coating and a composite membrane therefrom and also relates to products derived from the disclosed methods and polymer. A new lipid-like permselective membrane is disclosed comprising an ultra-thin selective coating deposited on a non-selective but permeable substrate, which may be anionic or cationic, in hollow fiber, tubular or planar form. The method of preparation of the membrane comprises treating the permeable substrate with a solution of the ionic polymer. The polymer is the product of an aromatic monomer, acrylate and vinyl chloride quaternized with a tertiary amine in which at least one of the alkyl groups of the amine contain at least two carbon atoms. The polymer can also be the product of an aromatic monomer and acrylate and the polymer being partially sulfonated. The treatment produces an extremely thin coating that is held tenaciously by electrostatic forces and the hydrophobicity of the polymer determines its permeability. The membrane has improved flux and selectivity.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种离子聚合物，其制备方法和一种复合膜，还涉及从所公开的方法和聚合物得到的产品。 公开了一种新的类脂状渗透选择性膜，其包括沉积在非选择性但可渗透的基底上的超薄选择性涂层，其可以是中空纤维，管状或平面形式的阴离子或阳离子。 膜的制备方法包括用离子聚合物的溶液处理可渗透底物。 聚合物是芳族单体，丙烯酸酯和氯化季铵与叔胺季铵化的产物，其中至少一个胺烷基含有至少两个碳原子。 聚合物也可以是芳族单体和丙烯酸酯的产物，聚合物被部分磺化。 该处理产生非常薄的涂层，其被静电力强力地保持，并且聚合物的疏水性决定了其渗透性。 膜具有改善的通量和选择性。