摘要:
An optical body includes a first optical layer having a concave-convex surface, a wavelength-selective reflecting layer formed on the concave-convex surface, and a second optical layer formed on the wavelength-selective reflecting layer to embed the concave-convex surface, the wavelength-selective reflecting layer having a multilayer structure formed by successively stacking at least a first high refractive index layer, a metal layer, and a second high refractive index layer, wherein, given that optical film thicknesses of the first high refractive index layer and the second high refractive index layer are x and y, respectively, and a geometrical film thickness of the metal layer is z, x, y and z satisfy the following formula (1): z ≤ 12.1 exp { - 1 2 ( x - 120 145.17 ) 2 - 1 2 ( y - 120 123.14 ) 2 } ( 1 )
摘要:
An optical element has a first optical layer; a reflective layer; and a second optical layer. The reflective layer includes at least five layers of high refractive-index layers and metal layers alternately laminated. When a thickness L of the entire reflective layer is 80 nm, a ratio α of an optical thickness of the entire metal layers to that of the entire high refractive-index layers and a ratio β of an optical thickness of a third high refractive-index layer to that of a first high refractive-index layer are included in a first region, when the thickness L is 90 nm, the ratios α and β are included in a second region, and when the thickness L is 80 to 90 nm, the ratios α and β are included in a space enclosed by the first region, the second region, and straight lines derived from these regions.
摘要:
When a noise of an image is reduced by using a plurality of sheets of images, a noise of a portion which cannot be aligned cannot be reduced. Aligning processing of the plural images is performed to generate an average image formed by pixels subjected to the aligning processing. Further, a difference between average image data representing the average image and input image data representing an input image is calculated, and the noise of the input image is reduced by using the calculated difference.
摘要:
The present invention provides a novel heterocyclic compound. A heterocyclic compound represented by general formula (1) wherein, R1 and R2, each independently represent hydrogen; a phenyl lower alkyl group that may have a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and the like on a benzene ring and/or a lower alkyl group; or a cyclo C3-C8 alkyl lower alkyl group; or the like; R3 represents a lower alkynyl group or the like; R4 represents a phenyl group that may have a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl group that may have e.g., halogen or a heterocyclic group selected from pyridyl group and the like; the heterocyclic group may have at least one substituent(s) selected from a lower alkoxy group and the like or a salt thereof.
摘要:
In this invention, even if final code data is to be generated by selectively discarding code data for each bitplane, errors due to bitplane rounding down operation can be suppressed from being gradually accumulated in predicted data such as P- and B-pictures, thereby preventing a deterioration in image quality. For this purpose, a block segmentation unit (31) segments an input frame into a plurality of blocks, and supplies the respective blocks to a difference computing unit (32). The difference computing unit (32) outputs the blocks to a DWT unit (33) without any change when the intra-frame coding mode is set. When the inter-frame coding mode is set, the difference computing unit (32) outputs the result obtained by computing a difference from predicted data from a motion compensation unit (42) to the DWT unit (33). The frequency component data obtained by the DWT unit (33) and a quantization unit (34) is entropy-coded by an entropy coding unit (35), and a bitplane formed by bit information at the bit position of each component value is coded. A bitplane round-down unit (36) rounds down the code data of bitplanes from the least significant position to an upper bit position such that the resultant code amount becomes equal to or less than a target code amount. A code forming unit then generates code data. Only when the intra-frame coding mode is set, a dequantization unit (39) and inverse DWT unit (40) are executed to update a frame memory (41).
摘要:
This technique prevents errors from being gradually accumulated on the decoding side, while maintaining high scalability, even when transformation to subbands as a plurality of frequency components is used for moving image coding. The image data of one input frame is decomposed into a plurality of subbands having different frequency components by a discrete wavelet transformation unit. A lower bitplane coding unit codes, for each bitplane, predetermined lower bits of each coefficient data of a subband LL and the coefficient data of subbands other than the subband LL. The data of the upper bits of the subband LL is stored in a frame memory. A motion vector detection unit detects a predicted value and motion vector on the basis of the decoded data of the subband LL in a preceding frame. A subtracter obtains the difference between the detected predicted value and the current frame.
摘要:
In an image processing apparatus, degradation of edges of stationary subjects can be suppressed in a moving image obtained by converting moving image data having F frames per unit time into moving image data having 2F sub frames per the unit time. For this purpose, pixel data is inputted in order of raster scanning into an input terminal. Then three contiguous pixel data X1 to X3 are obtained by the input terminal and two delay circuits. A differentiator calculates a difference d1 (=X1−X2) between the pixel data of interest X2 and the neighbor pixel data X1 and a difference d2 (=X3−X2) between the pixel data of interest X2 and the neighbor pixel data X3. A multiplier coefficient for low-pass filter calculation is determined based on the differences d1 and d2, and pixel data X2′ is calculated as pixel data after filter-processing of the pixel data of interest X2.
摘要:
A decoding apparatus for decoding an encoded image signal and its control method. The decoding apparatus decodes the encoded image signal and inverse-quantizes decoded information. The apparatus inverse-orthogonal transform an inverse-quantized information to obtain a decoded image signal. A quantization error estimator estimates a maximum square error of the inverse-quantized information and a second inverse-orthogonal transformer inverse-orthogonal transforms the quantization error from the quantization error estimator. An image-quality enhancing signal generator generates an image-quality enhancing signal based on the quantization maximum error and the decoded image signal, and an image synthesizer generates a high-quality image signal by synthesizing the image-quality enhancing signal with the decoded image signal.
摘要:
A method for producing a single-wall carbon nanotube, comprising contacting an organic dehydrated alcohol with a catalyst in a closed space in vacuum at a temperature of 600 to 900° C.
摘要:
Provided is a particulate magnetic recording medium with good output at high frequency, yielding a low coefficient of friction, and having good running properties, in particular, a magnetic recording medium affording good electromagnetic characteristics and good repeat durability in recording and reproducing at a high-density. The magnetic recording medium comprises a lower layer comprising a nonmagnetic powder and a binder and an upper magnetic layer comprising a ferromagnetic powder, a binder and at least one abrasives provided on a nonmagnetic support in this order. The number of abrasive particles present on said magnetic layer surface satisfied the relation 0.2≦X≦1.2 (particles/&mgr;m2). When the number of pairs of abrasive particles satisfying the relation L≦2K (where K denotes the mean particle diameter of the abrasive and L denotes the distance from the center of gravity of one of the abrasive particles to the center of gravity of the other abrasive particle) is denoted as Y (particles/&mgr;m2), Y/X is equal to or less than 2.