公开(公告)号：US06962631B2

公开(公告)日：2005-11-08

申请号：US10380844

申请日：2001-09-21

申请人： Natsuko Sugiura ,  Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Manabu Takahashi ,  Tohru Yoshida

发明人： Natsuko Sugiura ,  Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Manabu Takahashi ,  Tohru Yoshida

IPC分类号： C21D1/18 ,  C21D8/02 ,  C22C38/00 ,  C22C38/02 ,  C22C38/04 ,  C22C38/06 ,  C22C38/12 ,  C21D8/00

CPC分类号： C22C38/004 ,  C21D1/185 ,  C21D8/0226 ,  C21D2201/05 ,  C22C38/002 ,  C22C38/02 ,  C22C38/04 ,  C22C38/06 ,  C22C38/12

摘要： A ferritic steel sheet wherein a mean value of X-ray random intensity ratios of a group of {100} to {223} orientations is 3.0 or more and a mean value of X-ray random intensity ratios of three crystal orientations of {554} , {111} , and {111} is 3.5 or less and further at least one of the r values in a rolling direction and a direction at a right angle of that is 0.7 or less.

摘要翻译： {100} <011>〜{223} <110>取向的X射线随机强度比的平均值为3.0以上的铁素体钢板，X射线随机强度比的平均值为3 {554} <225>，{111} <112>和{111} <110>的晶体取向为3.5以下，并且在滚动方向和直角方向上的r值中的至少一个 为0.7以下。

公开(公告)号：US5470403A

公开(公告)日：1995-11-28

申请号：US196098

申请日：1994-02-18

申请人： Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Kohsaku Ushioda ,  Osamu Akisue ,  Kunio Nishimura

发明人： Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Kohsaku Ushioda ,  Osamu Akisue ,  Kunio Nishimura

IPC分类号： C21D8/02 ,  C21D8/04 ,  C22C38/04 ,  C22C38/06 ,  C23C2/02 ,  C23C2/06 ,  B32B15/00

CPC分类号： C22C38/04 ,  C21D8/0273 ,  C22C38/06 ,  C23C2/02 ,  C23C2/06 ,  C21D8/0236 ,  C21D8/0278 ,  C21D8/04 ,  Y10T428/12799

摘要： The present invention provides a cold rolled steel sheet and a hot dip zinc-coated cold rolled steel sheet excellent in paint bake hardenability, non-aging properties and formability, and a process for producing the same. In the present invention, an extremely low carbon steel or extremely low carbon steel containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti and Nb is used as a base steel, and Mn and Cr are positively added thereto, whereby the resultant steel has a mixed structure after annealing. Accordingly, there can be obtained a steel sheet having both a high paint bake hardenability and non-aging properties, and being excellent in formability such as an average r-value (deep drawability). With regard to the paint bake hardenability, the present invention may provide a cold rolled steel sheet and a hot dip zinc-coated cold rolled steel sheet to which paint bake hardening may be optionally imparted in an amount as large as about 10 kgf/mm.sup.2 and which also have non-aging properties.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / JP93 / 00846 Sec。 371日期1994年2月18日 102（e）1994年2月18日PCT 1993年6月22日PCT公布。 出版物WO94 / 00615 日本1994年1月6日。本发明提供了优异的油漆烘烤硬化性，非时效性和成形性的冷轧钢板和热浸镀锌冷轧钢板及其制造方法。 在本发明中，使用含有选自Ti和Nb中的至少一种元素的极低碳钢或极低碳钢作为基础钢，并且向其中积极添加Mn和Cr，由此得到的钢具有 退火后的混合结构。 因此，可以获得具有高油漆烘烤硬化性和不老化性能的钢板，并且具有优异的成形性，例如平均r值（深冲性）。 关于油漆烘烤淬透性，本发明可以提供冷轧钢板和热浸镀锌冷轧钢板，其中可以任选地赋予大约10kgf / mm2的量的油漆烘烤硬化， 这也具有非老化性能。

公开(公告)号：US09410231B2

公开(公告)日：2016-08-09

申请号：US13575252

申请日：2011-01-31

申请人： Riki Okamoto ,  Natsuko Sugiura ,  Kohichi Sano ,  Chisato Wakabayashi ,  Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Kaoru Kawasaki

发明人： Riki Okamoto ,  Natsuko Sugiura ,  Kohichi Sano ,  Chisato Wakabayashi ,  Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Kaoru Kawasaki

IPC分类号： C22C38/02 ,  C23C2/28 ,  C21D9/46 ,  C22C38/04 ,  C22C38/06 ,  C23C2/02 ,  C23C2/06 ,  C22C38/00 ,  C22C38/12 ,  C22C38/14 ,  C22C38/16

CPC分类号： C23C2/28 ,  C21D6/00 ,  C21D6/005 ,  C21D6/008 ,  C21D8/00 ,  C21D8/02 ,  C21D8/0205 ,  C21D8/0226 ,  C21D8/0236 ,  C21D8/0247 ,  C21D8/0263 ,  C21D8/04 ,  C21D8/0405 ,  C21D8/0426 ,  C21D8/0436 ,  C21D8/0447 ,  C21D9/46 ,  C21D9/48 ,  C21D2211/002 ,  C21D2211/005 ,  C21D2211/008 ,  C22C38/001 ,  C22C38/002 ,  C22C38/005 ,  C22C38/02 ,  C22C38/04 ,  C22C38/06 ,  C22C38/12 ,  C22C38/14 ,  C22C38/16 ,  C23C2/02 ,  C23C2/06

摘要： A steel sheet, including: as chemical components, by mass %, 0.05% to 0.35% of C; 0.05% to 2.0% of Si; 0.8% to 3.0% of Mn; 0.01% to 2.0% of Al; equal to or less than 0.1% of P; equal to or less than 0.05% of S; equal to or less than 0.01% of N; and the balance including iron and inevitable impurities, wherein the steel sheet comprises 50% or more of a ferrite phase, a bainite phase, and a tempered martensite phase, 3% or more of a retained austenite phase, and 50% or more of the crystal grains of the retained austenite phase satisfy Expression 1, wherein a carbon concentration at a position of center of gravity is Cgc and a carbon concentration at a grain boundary is Cgb.

摘要翻译： 钢板，以质量％计，化学成分为0.05〜0.35％的C， 0.05％〜2.0％的Si; 0.8％〜3.0％的Mn; 0.01％〜2.0％的Al; 等于或小于0.1％的P; 等于或小于0.05的S; 等于或小于0.01的N; 余量包括铁和不可避免的杂质，其中钢板包含铁素体相，贝氏体相和回火马氏体相的50％以上，残余奥氏体相的3％以上，和50％以上 残留奥氏体相的晶粒满足式1，其中，重心位置的碳浓度为Cgc，晶界处的碳浓度为Cgb。

公开(公告)号：US08057913B2

公开(公告)日：2011-11-15

申请号：US11572693

申请日：2005-07-27

申请人： Natsuko Sugiura ,  Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Shunji Hiwatashi ,  Manabu Takahashi ,  Koji Hanya ,  Nobuyoshi Uno ,  Ryoichi Kanno ,  Akihiro Miyasaka ,  Takehide Senuma

发明人： Natsuko Sugiura ,  Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Shunji Hiwatashi ,  Manabu Takahashi ,  Koji Hanya ,  Nobuyoshi Uno ,  Ryoichi Kanno ,  Akihiro Miyasaka ,  Takehide Senuma

IPC分类号： B32B15/18

CPC分类号： C21D9/46 ,  C22C38/004 ,  C22C38/02 ,  C22C38/04 ,  C22C38/06 ,  C22C38/12 ,  C22C38/14 ,  C23C2/02 ,  C23C2/06 ,  C23C2/28 ,  Y10T428/12 ,  Y10T428/1266 ,  Y10T428/12799

摘要： One aspect of the steel sheet having high Young's modulus includes in terms of mass %, C: 0.0005 to 0.30%, Si: 2.5% or less, Mn: 2.7 to 5.0%, P: 0.15% or less, S: 0.015% or less, Mo: 0.15 to 1.5%, B: 0.0006 to 0.01%, and Al: 0.15% or less, with the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein one or both of {110} pole density and {110} pole density in the ⅛ sheet thickness layer is 10 or more, and a Young's modulus in a rolling direction is more than 230 GPa. Another aspect of the steel sheet having high Young's modulus includes, in terms of mass %, C: 0.0005 to 0.30%, Si: 2.5% or less, Mn: 0.1 to 5.0%, P: 0.15% or less, S: 0.015% or less, Al: 0.15% or less, N: 0.01% or less, and further comprises one or two or more of Mo: 0.005 to 1.5%, Nb: 0.005 to 0.20%, Ti: at least 48/14×N (mass %) and 0.2% or less, and B: 0.0001 to 0.01%, at a total content of 0.015 to 1.91 mass %, with the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein the {110} pole density and/or the {110} pole density in the ⅛ sheet thickness layer is 10 or more, and a Young's modulus in a rolling direction is more than 230 GPa.

摘要翻译： 具有高杨氏模量的钢板的一个方面包括质量％，C：0.0005〜0.30％，Si：2.5％以下，Mn：2.7〜5.0％，P：0.15％以下，S：0.015％或 较少，Mo：0.15〜1.5％，B：0.0006〜0.01％，Al：0.15％以下，余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质，其中{110} <223>极点和{110} ⅛板厚层中的<111>极密度为10以上，轧制方向的杨氏模量大于230GPa。 具有高杨氏模量的钢板的另一方面包括以质量％表示的C：0.0005〜0.30％，Si：2.5％以下，Mn：0.1〜5.0％，P：0.15％以下，S：0.015％ 以下，Al：0.15％以下，N：0.01％以下，进一步含有Mo：0.005〜1.5％，Nb：0.005〜0.20％，Ti：至少48/14×N（ 质量％）和0.2％以下，B：0.0001〜0.01％，总含量为0.015〜1.91质量％，余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质，其中{110} <223>极密度和/或 ⅛板厚层的{110} <111>极密度为10以上，轧制方向的杨氏模量大于230GPa。

公开(公告)号：US20110232807A1

公开(公告)日：2011-09-29

申请号：US13134294

申请日：2011-06-03

申请人： Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Shunji Hiwatashi ,  Yasuharu Sakuma ,  Atsushi Itami

发明人： Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Shunji Hiwatashi ,  Yasuharu Sakuma ,  Atsushi Itami

IPC分类号： C22C38/02

CPC分类号： C22C38/02 ,  C21D6/005 ,  C21D8/02 ,  C21D8/0278 ,  C21D9/46 ,  C22C38/04 ,  C22C38/12 ,  C23C2/02 ,  C23C2/26 ,  Y10T428/12799

摘要： High yield ratio high-strength thin steel sheet superior in weldability and ductility characterized by; being comprised of steel containing, by mass %, C: over 0.030 to less than 0.10%, Si: 0.30 to 0.80%, Mn: 1.7 to 3.2%, P: 0.001 to 0.02%, S: 0.0001 to 0.006%, Al: 0.060% or less, N: 0.0001 to 0.0070%, containing further Ti: 0.01 to 0.055%, Nb: 0.012 to 0.055%, Mo: 0.07 to 0.55%, B: 0.0005 to 0.0040%, and simultaneously statisfying 1.1≦4×Ti(%)+20×Nb(%)+3×Mo(%)+300×B(%)≦3.7, the balance comprised of iron and unavoidable impurities, and having a yield ratio of 0.64 to less than 0.92, a TS×El of 3320 or more, an YR×TS×El1/2 of 2320 or more, and a maximum tensile strength (TS) of 780 MPa or more.

摘要翻译： 焊接性和延展性优异的高屈服比高强度薄钢板， 由以质量％计含有C：0.030〜小于0.10％，Si：0.30〜0.80％，Mn：1.7〜3.2％，P：0.001〜0.02％，S：0.0001〜0.006％的Al， 0.060％以下，N：0.0001〜0.0070％，进一步含有Ti：0.01〜0.055％，Nb：0.012〜0.055％，Mo：0.07〜0.55％，B：0.0005〜0.0040％，同时排列1.1＆ Ti（％）+ 20×Nb（％）+ 3×Mo（％）+ 300×B（％）＆nlE; 3.7，余量由铁和不可避免的杂质构成，屈服比为0.64〜 TS×El为3320以上，YR×TS×El1 / 2为2320以上，最大拉伸强度（TS）为780MPa以上。

公开(公告)号：US20110017360A1

公开(公告)日：2011-01-27

申请号：US12934039

申请日：2008-11-12

申请人： Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Masafumi Azuma ,  Yasuharu Sakuma ,  Naoki Maruyama

发明人： Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Masafumi Azuma ,  Yasuharu Sakuma ,  Naoki Maruyama

IPC分类号： C21D8/02 ,  C22C38/00 ,  B32B15/01 ,  C22C38/02 ,  C22C38/04

CPC分类号： C22C38/14 ,  C21D8/0426 ,  C21D8/0463 ,  C21D9/46 ,  C21D9/48 ,  C21D2211/004 ,  C21D2211/005 ,  C22C38/001 ,  C22C38/02 ,  C22C38/04 ,  C22C38/06 ,  C23C2/02 ,  C23C2/28

摘要： This hot-rolled steel sheet contains, in terms of mass%, C: 0.015% or more to less than 0.040%; Si: less than 0.05%; Mn: 0.9% or more to 1.8% or less; P: less than 0.02%; S: less than 0.01%; Al: less than 0.1%; N: less than 0.006%; and Ti: 0.05% or more to less than 0.11%, with the remainder being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein Ti/C is in a range of 2.5 or more to less than 3.5, Nb, Zr, V, Cr, Mo, B and W are not included, a microstructure includes a mixed microstructure of polygonal ferrite and quasi-polygonal ferrite in a proportion of greater than 96%, a maximum tensile strength is 520 MPa or more and less than 720 MPa, an aging index AI is more than 15 MPa, a product of a hole expansion ratio (A) % and a total elongation (El) % is 2350 or more, and a fatigue limit is 200 MPa or more.

摘要翻译： 该热轧钢板以质量％计含有C：0.015％以上且小于0.040％ Si：小于0.05％; Mn：0.9％以上至1.8％以下; P：小于0.02％; S：小于0.01％; Al：小于0.1％; N：小于0.006％; 和Ti：0.05％以上至小于0.11％，其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质，其中Ti / C在2.5以上且小于3.5的范围内，Nb，Zr，V，Cr，Mo，B 并不包括W，微结构包括多数铁素体和准多边形铁素体的混合微结构，其比例大于96％，最大拉伸强度为520MPa以上且低于720MPa，老化指数AI更多 孔膨胀率（A）％和总伸长率（E1）％的乘积为15MPa以上，疲劳极限为200MPa以上。

公开(公告)号：US20110008647A1

公开(公告)日：2011-01-13

申请号：US12736154

申请日：2009-03-26

申请人： Masafumi Azuma ,  Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Naoki Maruyama ,  Noriyuki Suzuki ,  Yasuharu Sakuma

发明人： Masafumi Azuma ,  Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Naoki Maruyama ,  Noriyuki Suzuki ,  Yasuharu Sakuma

IPC分类号： B32B15/18 ,  C21D8/02 ,  C25D7/00 ,  C23C2/02 ,  C22C38/18 ,  C22C38/40 ,  C22C38/20 ,  C22C38/22

CPC分类号： C22C38/32 ,  C21D8/0226 ,  C21D8/04 ,  C21D8/0426 ,  C21D8/0436 ,  C21D8/0473 ,  C21D9/46 ,  C21D2211/005 ,  C21D2211/008 ,  C22C38/002 ,  C22C38/02 ,  C22C38/28 ,  C22C38/38 ,  C23C2/02 ,  C23C2/04 ,  C23C2/26 ,  C23C2/28 ,  Y10T428/12799

摘要： This cold-rolled steel sheet includes, in terms of mass %, C: not less than 0.05% and not more than 0.095%, Cr: not less than 0.15% and not more than 2.0%, B: not less than 0.0003% and not more than 0.01%, Si: not less than 0.3% and not more than 2.0%, Mn: not less than 1.7% and not more than 2.6%, Ti: not less than 0.005% and not more than 0.14%, P: not more than 0.03%, S: not more than 0.01%, Al: not more than 0.1%, N: less than 0.005%, O: not less than 0.0005% and not more than 0.005%, and contains as the remainder, iron and unavoidable impurities, wherein the microstructure of the steel sheet includes mainly polygonal ferrite having a crystal grain size of not more than 4 μm, and hard microstructures of bainite and martensite, the block size of the martensite is not more than 0.9 μm, the Cr content within the martensite is 1.1 to 1.5 times the Cr content within the polygonal ferrite, and the tensile strength is at least 880 MPa.

摘要翻译： 该冷轧钢板以质量％计含有C：0.05％以上0.095％以下的Cr：0.15％以上2.0％以下，B：0.0003％以上， 0.01％以下，Si：0.3％以上2.0％以下，Mn：1.7％以上2.6％以下，Ti：0.005％以上0.14％以下，P： 不大于0.03％，S：不大于0.01％，Al：不大于0.1％，N：小于0.005％，O：不小于0.0005％，不大于0.005％，其余为铁 和不可避免的杂质，其中钢板的组织主要包括晶粒尺寸不大于4μm的多边形铁素体，贝氏体和马氏体的硬质组织，马氏体的块尺寸不大于0.9μm，Cr 马氏体内的含量为多边形铁素体中的Cr含量的1.1〜1.5倍，拉伸强度为880MPa以上。

公开(公告)号：US07534312B2

公开(公告)日：2009-05-19

申请号：US10487797

申请日：2002-06-27

申请人： Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Nobuhiro Fujita ,  Manabu Takahashi ,  Koji Hashimoto ,  Shinya Sakamoto ,  Kaoru Kawasaki ,  Yasuhiro Shinohara ,  Takehide Senuma

发明人： Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Nobuhiro Fujita ,  Manabu Takahashi ,  Koji Hashimoto ,  Shinya Sakamoto ,  Kaoru Kawasaki ,  Yasuhiro Shinohara ,  Takehide Senuma

IPC分类号： C22C38/02 ,  C22C38/04 ,  C22C38/06

CPC分类号： C22C38/02 ,  C21D8/0226 ,  C21D8/0236 ,  C21D8/04 ,  C21D9/48 ,  C21D2211/002 ,  C21D2211/008 ,  C22C38/001 ,  C22C38/002 ,  C22C38/04 ,  C22C38/06 ,  C23C2/02 ,  C25D5/34

摘要： The present invention provides a steel sheet excellent in workability, which may be used for components of an automobile or the like, and a method for producing the same. More specifically, according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a steel sheet excellent in workability, including in mass, 0.08 to 0.25% C, 0.001 to 1.5% Si, 0.01 to 2.0% Mn, 0.001 to 0.06% P, at most 0.05% S, 0.001 to 0.007% N, 0.008 to 0.2% Al, at least 0.01% Fe. The steel sheet having an average r-value of at least 1.2, an r-value in the rolling direction of at least 1.3, an r-value in the direction of 45 degrees to the rolling direction of at least 0.9, and an r-value in the direction of a right angle to the rolling direction of at least 1.2.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供可以用于汽车等的部件的加工性优异的钢板及其制造方法。 更具体地说，根据本发明的一个示例性实施方案，可加工性优异的钢板，包括：0.08〜0.25％的C，0.001〜1.5％的Si，0.01〜2.0％的Mn，0.001〜0.06％的P， 0.05％S，0.001至0.007％N，0.008至0.2％Al，至少0.01％Fe。 钢板的平均r值为1.2以上，轧制方向的r值为1.3以上，轧制方向为45度的r值为0.9以上，r- 在与滚动方向成直角的方向上的值至少为1.2。

公开(公告)号：US07485195B2

公开(公告)日：2009-02-03

申请号：US10561133

申请日：2004-06-28

申请人： Natsuko Sugiura ,  Manabu Takahashi ,  Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Ken Kimura

发明人： Natsuko Sugiura ,  Manabu Takahashi ,  Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Ken Kimura

IPC分类号： C22C38/02 ,  C22C38/06 ,  C22C38/18 ,  C22C38/16 ,  C22C38/40 ,  C21D8/02

CPC分类号： C22C38/06 ,  B21B1/26 ,  B21B2001/228 ,  B21B2001/383 ,  C21D8/0226 ,  C21D2211/002 ,  C21D2211/005 ,  C22C38/02 ,  C22C38/04 ,  C22C38/12 ,  C22C38/14

摘要： A high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet excellent in shape fixability having ferrite or bainite as the phase of the largest volume percentage, satisfying all of the following at least at ½ sheet thickness: a mean value of X-ray random intensity ratio in the orientation component group of {100} to {223} to X-ray random diffraction intensity ratio of at least 2.5; a mean value of X-ray random intensity ratio in the three crystal orientation components of {554} , {111} , and {111} to X-ray random diffraction intensity ratio of 3.5 or less; an X-ray intensity ratio to X-ray random diffraction intensity ratio at {100} of at least the X-ray random intensity to X-ray random diffraction intensity ratio at {211} ; and an X-ray random intensity ratio to X-ray random intensity ratio diffraction intensity ratio at {100} of at least 2.5, having at least one of an r-value of the rolling direction and an r-value of a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of not more than 0.7, having an anisotropy ΔuE1 of uniform elongation of not more than 4%, having an anisotropy ΔLE1 of local elongation of at least 2%, and having an ΔuE1 of not more than the ΔLE1.

摘要翻译： 一种具有铁素体或贝氏体作为最大体积百分比的相位的定形性优异的高强度热轧钢板，满足以下所有以下至少1/2片厚：X射线随机强度比的平均值 {100} <011>至{223} <110>的取向成分组与X射线随机衍射强度比为2.5以上; {554} 225，{111} <112>和{111} <110>的三个晶体取向成分的X射线随机强度比的X射线随机强度比的平均值与3.5以下的X射线随机衍射强度比 ; 至少在{211} <011>的X射线随机强度与X射线随机衍射强度比的{100} <011>的X射线强度比与X射线随机衍射强度比的X射线强度比。 并且在{100} <011>下的X射线随机强度比与X射线随机强度比衍射强度比至少为2.5，具有轧制方向的r值和r值的至少一个 具有垂直于轧制方向的方向不大于0.7，具有不大于4％的均匀伸长率的各向异性DeltauE1，具有至少2％的局部伸长率的各向异性ΔLE1，并且DeltauE1不大于ΔLE1。

公开(公告)号：US20080308200A1

公开(公告)日：2008-12-18

申请号：US12185402

申请日：2008-08-04

申请人： Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Nobuhiro Fujita ,  Manabu Takahashi ,  Koji Hashimoto ,  Shinya Sakamoto ,  Kaoru Kawasaki ,  Yasuhiro Shinohara ,  Takehide Senuma

发明人： Naoki Yoshinaga ,  Nobuhiro Fujita ,  Manabu Takahashi ,  Koji Hashimoto ,  Shinya Sakamoto ,  Kaoru Kawasaki ,  Yasuhiro Shinohara ,  Takehide Senuma

IPC分类号： C21D7/02 ,  C21D7/13

CPC分类号： C22C38/02 ,  C21D8/0226 ,  C21D8/0236 ,  C21D8/04 ,  C21D9/48 ,  C21D2211/002 ,  C21D2211/008 ,  C22C38/001 ,  C22C38/002 ,  C22C38/04 ,  C22C38/06 ,  C23C2/02 ,  C25D5/34

摘要： The present invention provides a steel sheet excellent in workability, which may be used for components of an automobile or the like, and a method for producing the same. More specifically, according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a steel sheet excellent in workability, including in mass, 0.08 to 0.25% C, 0.001 to 1.5% Si, 0.01 to 2.0% Mn, 0.001 to 0.06% P, at most 0.05% S, 0.001 to 0.007% N, 0.008 to 0.2% Al, at least 0.01% Fe. The steel sheet having an average r-value of at least 1.2, an r-value in the rolling direction of at least 1.3, an r-value in the direction of 45 degrees to the rolling direction of at least 0.9, and an r-value in the direction of a right angle to the rolling direction of at least 1.2.