公开(公告)号：US06495371B2

公开(公告)日：2002-12-17

申请号：US09877667

申请日：2001-06-08

Applicant: Hamish Small ,  Yan Liu ,  John M. Riviello ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic ,  Kannan Srinivasan

Inventor： Hamish Small ,  Yan Liu ,  John M. Riviello ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic ,  Kannan Srinivasan

IPC: G11N3002

CPC classification number: G01N30/96 ,  G01N2030/965

Abstract: For anion analysis, the method includes: (a) flowing an aqueous liquid sample stream containing anions to be detected and cation hydroxide through a separator bed, (b) flowing the aqueous effluent from the separator bed through a flow-through suppressor, (c) flowing the effluent liquid from the suppressor past a detector, (d) recycling said liquid effluent from the detector through a cathode chamber proximate to the suppressor bed and separated by a first barrier, and (e) applying an electrical potential between the cathode and the anode. Water is electrolyzed at the anode to cause cations on the cation exchange resin to electromigrate toward the barrier and to be transported across the barrier toward the cathode while water in the cathode chamber is electrolyzed to generate hydroxide ions which combine with the transported cations to form cation hydroxide in the cathode chamber.

Abstract translation: 对于阴离子分析，该方法包括：（a）将含有待检测的阴离子和阳离子氢氧化物的水性液体样品流通过分离床，（b）使来自分离器床的水性流出物流过流过抑制剂，（c 将来自抑制器的流出液体流过检测器，（d）将来自检测器的所述液体流出物再循环通过靠近抑制床的阴极室并被第一屏障隔开，并且（e）在阴极和 阳极。 在阳极处电解水以使阳离子交换树脂上的阳离子电致化学势垒，并将阴极室内的水转移至阴极，同时电解阴极室内的水，以产生氢氧化物离子，与运送的阳离子结合形成阳离子 氢氧化物在阴极室中。

公开(公告)号：US06315954B1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-13

申请号：US09471766

申请日：1999-12-23

Applicant: Hamish Small ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic ,  Yan Liu

Inventor： Hamish Small ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic ,  Yan Liu

IPC: G01N3026

CPC classification number: B01J39/26 ,  B01J47/08 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/34 ,  G01N2030/407 ,  G01N2030/965 ,  Y10T436/117497 ,  B01D15/362

Abstract: An apparatus for generating high purity acid or base in an aqueous stream for use in analysis. For generating a base, the aqueous stream is directed through a cation exchange bed having first strongly acidic and second weakly acidic portions. An electrical potential is applied to the bed. Cations on the bed electromigrate into the aqueous stream while hydroxide ions are electrolytically generated to form a base-containing eluent. Analytes to be detected and the generated eluent flow through a detector.

Abstract translation: 一种用于在水流中产生高纯度酸或碱的装置，用于分析。 为了产生碱，水流被引导通过具有第一强酸性和第二弱酸性部分的阳离子交换床。 电位施加到床上。 床上的阳离子电迁移到水流中，同时电解产生氢氧根离子以形成含碱的洗脱液。 待检测的分析物和产生的洗脱液流过检测器。

公开(公告)号：US5914025A

公开(公告)日：1999-06-22

申请号：US781537

申请日：1997-01-09

Applicant: Hamish Small

Inventor： Hamish Small

IPC: G01N30/02 ,  B01J39/26 ,  B01J41/20 ,  G01N30/34 ,  G01N30/46 ,  G01N30/60 ,  G01N30/96 ,  B01D61/48

CPC classification number: G01N30/96 ,  B01J39/26 ,  B01J41/20 ,  G01N30/34 ,  G01N2030/965 ,  G01N30/461

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating an acid or base eluent in an aqueous stream solely from an ion exchange bed for liquid chromatography of anions or cations and for simultaneously suppressing conductivity of the eluent in the ion exchange bed after chromatographic separation. For a system in which a base is generated for the analysis of anions by ion chromatography, the method uses a bed of cation exchange material with first and second bed sections arranged in series. For anion analysis, the method includes:(a) flowing an aqueous feed stream through the first bed section while applying an electrical potential to form an aqueous eluent stream comprising a cation hydroxide base,(b) flowing a liquid sample stream containing anions to be detected and the eluent through a chromatographic separator portion of said first bed section, to separate said anions to be detected,(c) flowing said aqueous separated anion stream through said second bed section substantially free of anion exchange material and including exchangeable hydronium ions, while applying an electrical potential to convert said base to weakly ionized form, and displacing some of said exchangeable hydronium ions with cations from said base, cations electromigrating from said second bed section to said first bed section in the opposite direction to said aqueous feed stream to replenish exchangeable cations displaced from said first bed in step (a), and(d) flowing said suppressor effluent stream past a detector in which the separated anions in said suppressor effluent are detected.

Abstract translation: 一种仅在离子交换床中进行阴离子或阳离子液相色谱的含水流中产生酸或碱洗脱液的方法和装置，并同时抑制色谱分离后离子交换床中的洗脱液的电导率。 对于通过离子色谱分析阴离子产生碱的系统，该方法使用具有串联排列的第一和第二床部分的阳离子交换材料床。 对于阴离子分析，所述方法包括：（a）在施加电势的同时使含水进料流流过第一床部分以形成包含阳离子氢氧化物碱的含水洗脱液流，（b）使含有阴离子的液体样品流流动为 检测和洗脱液通过所述第一床部分的色谱分离部分分离，以分离待检测的阴离子，（c）使所述含水分离的阴离子物流通过所述第二床部分基本上不含阴离子交换材料并且包括可交换的水合氢离子，同时 施加电位以将所述碱转化为弱电离形式，以及使来自所述碱的阳离子将一些所述可交换的水合氢离子置换，所述阳离子以与所述含水进料流相反的方向从所述第二床部分电解至所述第一床部分，以补充 在步骤（a）中从所述第一床排出的可交换阳离子，和（d）使所述抑制剂流出物st 通过其中检测到所述抑制流出物中分离的阴离子的检测器。

公开(公告)号：US20120138474A1

公开(公告)日：2012-06-07

申请号：US13364078

申请日：2012-02-01

Applicant: Hamish Small ,  Yan Liu ,  Christopher A. Pohl

Inventor： Hamish Small ,  Yan Liu ,  Christopher A. Pohl

IPC: C25B15/02 ,  C25B1/02 ,  C25B9/00

CPC classification number: G01N30/96 ,  B01D61/427 ,  F04B17/00 ,  G01N30/32 ,  G01N30/34 ,  G01N30/6095

Abstract: A continuous electrochemical pump comprising a water generator compartment, an anode compartment on one side of said generator compartment, a cation exchange barrier, separating the generator compartment from the anode compartment, it first electrode in electrical communication with the anode compartment, a cathode compartment adjacent the generator chamber, an anion exchange barrier, separating the generation compartment from the cathode compartment, and a second electrode in electrical communication with the cathode compartment. Use of the pump as a sample concentrator. A feedback loop for the pump. A reservoir, with or without an intermediate piston, on the output side of the pump.

Abstract translation: 一种连续电化学泵，包括水发生器室，在所述发生器室的一侧上的阳极室，阳离子交换屏障，将发电机室与阳极隔室分离，第一电极与阳极室电连通，阴极室相邻 所述发生器室，阴离子交换屏障，将所述发电室与所述阴极室分开，以及与所述阴极室电连通的第二电极。 使用泵作为样品浓缩器。 泵的反馈回路。 在泵的输出侧具有或不具有中间活塞的储存器。

公开(公告)号：US08133373B2

公开(公告)日：2012-03-13

申请号：US12192781

申请日：2008-08-15

Applicant: Hamish Small ,  Yan Liu ,  Christopher A. Pohl

Inventor： Hamish Small ,  Yan Liu ,  Christopher A. Pohl

IPC: B01D61/44

CPC classification number: G01N30/96 ,  B01D61/427 ,  F04B17/00 ,  G01N30/32 ,  G01N30/34 ,  G01N30/6095

Abstract: A continuous electrochemical pump comprising a water generator compartment, an anode compartment on one side of said generator compartment, a cation exchange barrier, separating the generator compartment from the anode compartment, a first electrode in electrical communication with the anode compartment, a cathode compartment adjacent the generator chamber, an anion exchange barrier, separating the generation compartment from the cathode compartment, and a second electrode in electrical communication with the cathode compartment. Use of the pump as a sample concentrator. A feedback loop for the pump. A reservoir, with or without an intermediate piston, on the output side of the pump.

Abstract translation: 一种连续电化学泵，包括水发生器室，在所述发生器室的一侧上的阳极室，阳离子交换屏障，将发生器室与阳极室分开，与阳极室电连通的第一电极，邻近的阴极室 所述发生器室，阴离子交换屏障，将所述发电室与所述阴极室分开，以及与所述阴极室电连通的第二电极。 使用泵作为样品浓缩器。 泵的反馈回路。 在泵的输出侧具有或不具有中间活塞的储存器。

公开(公告)号：US20050258048A1

公开(公告)日：2005-11-24

申请号：US11190741

申请日：2005-07-26

Applicant: Yan Liu ,  Hamish Small ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic

Inventor： Yan Liu ,  Hamish Small ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic

IPC: G01N30/26 ,  B01D15/08 ,  B01J39/26 ,  B01J41/20 ,  C25B1/16 ,  C25B1/22 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/34 ,  G01N30/60 ,  G01N30/96 ,  C25B1/34

CPC classification number: G01N30/96 ,  C25B1/16 ,  C25B1/22 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/34 ,  G01N2030/965 ,  Y10T436/25 ,  B01D15/36 ,  B01D15/426

Abstract: Method and apparatus for generating an acid or base, e.g. for chromatographic analysis of anions. For generating a base the method includes the steps of providing a cation source in a cation source reservoir, flowing an aqueous liquid stream through a base generation chamber separated from the cation source reservoir by a barrier (e.g. a charged membrane) substantially preventing liquid flow while providing a cation transport bridge, applying an electric potential between an anode cation source reservoir and a cathode in the base generation chamber to electrolytically generate hydroxide ions therein and to cause cations in the cation source reservoir to electromigrate and to be transported across the barrier toward the cathode to combine with the transported cations to form cation hydroxide, and removing the cation hydroxide in an aqueous liquid stream as an effluent from the first base generation chamber. Suitable cation sources include a salt solution, a cation hydroxide solution or cation exchange resin.

Abstract translation: 用于产生酸或碱的方法和设备，例如， 用于阴离子的色谱分析。 为了产生碱，该方法包括以下步骤：在阳离子源储存器中提供阳离子源，使水性液体流通过基本上防止液体流动的屏障（例如带电膜）与阳离子源储存器分离的碱性产生室流动， 提供阳离子输送桥，在基底产生室中的阳极阳离子源储存器和阴极之间施加电位以在其中电解产生氢氧根离子，并使阳离子源储存器中的阳离子电迁移并穿过屏障向着 阴极与所运送的阳离子结合以形成阳离子氢氧化物，并且以水溶液流中的阳离子氢氧化物作为来自第一碱基产生室的流出物除去。 合适的阳离子源包括盐溶液，阳离子氢氧化物溶液或阳离子交换树脂。

公开(公告)号：US06610546B1

公开(公告)日：2003-08-26

申请号：US09648377

申请日：2000-08-25

Applicant: Yan Liu ,  Kannan Srinivasan ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic ,  Hamish Small ,  John M. Riviello

Inventor： Yan Liu ,  Kannan Srinivasan ,  Nebojsa Avdalovic ,  Hamish Small ,  John M. Riviello

IPC: G01N3002

CPC classification number: G01N30/96 ,  G01N2030/965 ,  G01N30/6069

Abstract: An electrolytic suppressor including (a) packing (a suppressor bed of ion exchange resin or a flow-through monolith), (b) an electrode chamber adjacent the suppressor, (c) a first electrode in the electrode chamber, (d) a barrier separating the packing from the first electrode chamber preventing significant liquid flow but permitting transport of ions only of the same charge as the packing, (e) a second electrode in electrical communication with the resin bed, and (f) a recycle conduit between the suppressor outlet port and said electrode chamber. Charged transverse partitions with openings may be included to create a serpentine liquid path. For anion analysis, the method of using the apparatus includes: (a) flowing an aqueous liquid sample stream containing anions to be detected and cation hydroxide through the separator bed, (b) flowing the aqueous effluent from the separator bed through the flow-through packing, (c) flowing the effluent liquid from the suppressor past a detector, (d) recycling said liquid effluent from the detector through a cathode chamber proximate to the packing and separated by the first barrier, and (e) applying an electrical potential between the cathode and the anode. Water is electrolyzed at the anode to cause cations on the cation exchange packing to electromigrate toward the barrier and to be transported across the barrier toward the cathode while water in the cathode chamber is electrolyzed to generate hydroxide ions which combine with the transported cations to form cation hydroxide in the cathode chamber.

Abstract translation: 一种电解抑制器，其包括（a）填充（离子交换树脂或流通式整料的抑制床），（b）与抑制器相邻的电极室，（c）电极室中的第一电极，（d） 将填料从第一电极室分离以防止显着的液体流动，但允许仅与填料相同的电荷输送离子，（e）与树脂床电连通的第二电极，和（f）抑制器之间的再循环导管 出口和所述电极室。 可以包括具有开口的带电的横向隔板以产生蛇形液体路径。 对于阴离子分析，使用该装置的方法包括：（a）使含有待检测的阴离子和阳离子氢氧化物的含水液体样品流通过分离床，（b）使来自分离器床的水性流出物流过流过 包装，（c）使来自抑制器的流出液体流过检测器，（d）将来自检测器的所述液体流出物循环通过邻近填料的阴极室并由第一屏障分离，以及（e） 阴极和阳极。 在阳极处电解阳极以使阳离子交换填料上的阳离子电迁移到屏障上，并将阴极室内的水转移到阴极，同时电解阴极室中的水以产生氢氧化物离子，这些氢离子与运送的阳离子结合形成阳离子 氢氧化物在阴极室中。

公开(公告)号：US5633171A

公开(公告)日：1997-05-27

申请号：US397998

申请日：1995-03-03

Applicant: Hamish Small ,  John M. Riviello ,  Steven B. Rabin

Inventor： Hamish Small ,  John M. Riviello ,  Steven B. Rabin

IPC: G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/60 ,  G01N30/96

CPC classification number: G01N30/96 ,  G01N2030/965 ,  Y10T436/25125

Abstract: A method and apparatus for ion analysis by ion chromatography uses periodic electrolytic regeneration of a packed bed suppressor. First and second sets of columns, suppressors and detectors connected in series are linked by appropriate valving so that the effluent from the second suppressor can be passed to the first suppressor to be used in the electrolytic regeneration of the first suppressor after detection of analyte in the second detector.

Abstract translation: 通过离子色谱法进行离子分析的方法和装置使用填充床抑制剂的周期性电解再生。 串联连接的第一和第二组柱，抑制器和检测器通过适当的阀门连接，使得来自第二抑制器的流出物可以被传递到第一抑制器以用于在检测到第一抑制器的分析物的电解再生中 第二检测器。

公开(公告)号：US4101460A

公开(公告)日：1978-07-18

申请号：US593345

申请日：1975-07-07

Applicant: Hamish Small ,  Timothy S. Stevens

Inventor： Hamish Small ,  Timothy S. Stevens

IPC: B08B3/12 ,  B01D15/04 ,  B01D15/36 ,  B01J20/281 ,  B01J20/285 ,  B01J39/16 ,  B01J41/08 ,  B01J47/00 ,  C08J7/04 ,  G01N30/88 ,  C08J5/20

CPC classification number: B01D15/361 ,  B01J20/3221 ,  B01J47/006 ,  C08J7/04

Abstract: An ion exchange composition comprising an insoluble substrate of a synthetic resin having ion exchanging sites at least on its available surface; and a finely divided, insoluble material comprising synthetic resin particles of from about 0.1 to about 5 microns median diameter (with respect to volume) having, at least on their outer surfaces, ion exchanging sites which attract the ion exchanging sites of the substrate, irreversibly attached as a monolayer to the available surface of the substrate. The composition is used for removal and separation of ions, and is especially useful in liquid ion exchange chromatography. For example, a chromatographic separation of halide ions is effected with high speed and resolution by contacting an aqueous solution thereof with a bed of the ion exchange composition which consists of surface sulfonated resin beads of a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer to the surface of which is irreversibly attached a monolayer of quaternary ammonium-bearing styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer resin particles in the hydroxy form, and then eluting the bed with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.

Abstract translation: 一种离子交换组合物，其包含至少在其可用表面上具有离子交换位点的合成树脂的不溶性底物; 和细碎的不溶性材料，其包含约0.1至约5微米中等直径（相对于体积）的合成树脂颗粒，其至少在其外表面上具有吸引衬底的离子交换位点的离子交换位点，不可逆地 作为单层附着到基材的可用表面。 该组合物用于离子的去除和分离，并且在液体离子交换色谱中特别有用。 例如，通过使其水溶液与由苯乙烯 - 二乙烯基苯共聚物的表面磺化树脂珠组成的离子交换组合物的床接触，使其卤化物离子的色谱分离以高速和分辨率进行，其表面不可逆地 将含有羟基的季铵含量苯乙烯 - 二乙烯基苯共聚物树脂颗粒单层，然后用氢氧化钠水溶液洗脱床。

公开(公告)号：US3966596A

公开(公告)日：1976-06-29

申请号：US556761

申请日：1975-03-10

Applicant: Timothy S. Stevens ,  Hamish Small

Inventor： Timothy S. Stevens ,  Hamish Small

IPC: B01J39/26 ,  G01N30/46 ,  G01N30/52 ,  G01N30/60 ,  G01N30/96 ,  B01D15/08

CPC classification number: G01N30/96 ,  B01J39/26 ,  G01N2030/525 ,  G01N2030/965 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/461

Abstract: A process for high performance, cation-exchange chromatography employing a cation-exchange composition comprising synthetic resin particles of about 5 to about 200 microns particle size, said synthetic resin particles being cross-linked to from about 0.25 to about 5% and surface-sulfonated to a calculated depth of about 100 to about 300 Angstroms is disclosed.

Abstract translation: 一种高性能阳离子交换色谱法，其使用包含约5至约200微米粒径的合成树脂颗粒的阳离子交换组合物，所述合成树脂颗粒交联至约0.25至约5％并且表面磺化 公开了约100至约300埃的计算深度。