公开(公告)号：US5272879A

公开(公告)日：1993-12-28

申请号：US842468

申请日：1992-02-27

申请人： B. Ryland Wiggs

发明人： B. Ryland Wiggs

IPC分类号： F01K25/08 ,  F03G7/04 ,  F01K13/00

CPC分类号： F03G7/04 ,  F01K25/08 ,  Y02E10/10

摘要： A geothermal power system utilizes a fluid refrigerant capable of changing phase between liquid and gaseous states. The system includes a heat exchanger exposed to a heat source such as earth, water, air, or industrial waste for vaporizing the fluid in the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger includes at least two compartmentalized heat exchanger cells. Each of the heat exchanger cells is disposed in a portion of the naturally occurring heat source, the portions being sufficiently spaced apart such that a temperature of any one portion is substantially unaffected by a temperature of any other portion. The vaporized fluid is directed to a turbine or energy extraction means wherein the gas is expanded and energy is re)eased in the form of mechanical rotation of a shaft. The turbine shaft may be coupled to a generator for converting the mechanical rotational energy to electrical power. The gas discharged from the turbine is cooled/condensed and circulated into an accumulator, with a sensor and a controller for continuously maintaining the optimum amount of refrigerant flowing in the system under particular heat source/heat sink conditions. The liquid refrigerant is then recirculated to the heat exchanger, and the process is performed continuously. A compressor and sensored and controlled accumulator may be utilized in a second and separate refrigerant heat exchange loop with compartmentalized heat exchanger cells if necessary to maintain continuous output from the geothermal power system under all temperature conditions.

摘要翻译： 地热发电系统利用能够在液态和气态之间改变相位的流体制冷剂。 该系统包括暴露于诸如地球，水，空气或工业废物的热源的热交换器，用于蒸发热交换器中的流体。 热交换器包括至少两个分隔的热交换器单元。 每个热交换器单元设置在天然存在的热源的一部分中，这些部分被充分间隔开，使得任何一个部分的温度基本上不受任何其它部分的温度的影响。 蒸发的流体被引导到涡轮机或能量提取装置，其中气体被膨胀并且能量被重新）以轴的机械旋转的形式被减轻。 涡轮轴可以联接到发电机，以将机械旋转能量转换成电力。 从涡轮排出的气体被冷却/冷凝并循环到具有传感器和控制器的蓄能器中，用于在特定热源/散热器条件下连续地保持在系统中流动的最佳量的制冷剂。 然后将液体制冷剂再循环到热交换器，并且连续执行该过程。 压缩机和感应和控制蓄能器可以用在具有分隔式热交换器单元的第二和分开的制冷剂热交换回路中，如果需要在所有温度条件下保持来自地热发电系统的连续输出。

公开(公告)号：US5122554A

公开(公告)日：1992-06-16

申请号：US458998

申请日：1989-12-29

申请人： William C. Allen

发明人： William C. Allen

IPC分类号： C04B26/04 ,  C08F12/08

CPC分类号： C04B26/04 ,  C08F12/08 ,  C04B2111/00482 ,  F24J3/08 ,  Y02E10/10

摘要： A polymer concrete pipe liner is formed from a fluidized, but substantially waterless cement containing mixture applied to the pipe interior. The mixture is composed of inorganic cement particles, a liquid styrene mixture and a minor amount of one or more poly-olefinically unsaturated co-monomers. The mixture substantially excludes acrylonitrile and acrylamide. The co-monomers are preferable selected from a group including trimethylolpropane-trimethacrylate, divinyl benzene, hexadiene, and polyvinylsiloxanes. Mixing the liquid and solid components forms a slurry which is transferred to a pipe interior. Transfer properties can be controlled by particulate gradation, dissolved polymers, and rheology control additives. The pipe is then spun to centrifugally cast the liner. The composition avoids the need for high temperature curing and toxic reactive unsaturates to co-polymerize and cross-link polystyrene. Like the current polymer concrete materials, the materials embodied in the present invention have adequate strength at geothermal operating temperatures and reduced permeability, but they achieve this result without either a significant loss of broad spectrum chemical resistance to harsh geothermal environments or a large increase in cost. Other embodiments also incorporate the use of pozzolanic solids and high alumina cement to further improve chemical resistance characteristics.

摘要翻译： 聚合物混凝土管衬套由施加到管内部的流化但基本上无水的含水泥混合物形成。 该混合物由无机水泥颗粒，液体苯乙烯混合物和少量一种或多种聚烯烃不饱和共聚单体组成。 该混合物基本上不包括丙烯腈和丙烯酰胺。 共聚单体优选选自包括三羟甲基丙烷 - 三甲基丙烯酸酯，二乙烯基苯，己二烯和聚乙烯基硅氧烷的基团。 混合液体和固体组分形成浆料，将其转移到管道内部。 转移性能可以通过颗粒分级，溶解的聚合物和流变控制添加剂来控制。 然后将管材旋转以离心浇铸衬里。 该组合物避免了对高温固化和有毒的反应性不饱和物质的共聚聚合和交联聚苯乙烯的需要。 与目前的聚合物混凝土材料一样，本发明中体现的材料在地热操作温度下具有足够的强度和降低的渗透性，但是它们实现了这一结果，而不会对苛刻的地热环境产生广谱耐化学腐蚀性或大量成本增加 。 其他实施方案还包括火山灰固体和高铝水泥的使用以进一步改善耐化学性特征。

公开(公告)号：US5020328A

公开(公告)日：1991-06-04

申请号：US440204

申请日：1989-11-22

申请人： Lucien Y. Bronicki

发明人： Lucien Y. Bronicki

IPC分类号： F03G4/00 ,  F03G4/06 ,  F03G7/04

CPC分类号： F03G7/04 ,  F24J3/08 ,  Y02E10/10

摘要： Spent geothermal fluid from a geothermal power plant comprises geothermal vapor in the form of steam and non-condensable gases, and geothermal liquid in the form of mineral-rich brines. A silencer, which receives the spent geothermal fluid, includes a chamber for receiving the spent fluid and which has a lower outlet from which the brine flows. The chamber has an upper outlet through which the geothermal vapor flows. A heat exchanger is connected to the upper outlet, the heat exchanger having a first portion for receiving the geothermal vapor and the second portion containing a working fluid that is vaporized by the heat contained in the geothermal vapor. As a result, the cooled geothermal vapor produces a low pH condensate and non-condensable gases in the first portion. The brines exiting the silencer through the lower outlet are combined with the low pH condensate and with the non-condensable gases to form waste fluid which may be disposed of by injection into a reinjection well.

摘要翻译： 来自地热发电厂的耗散地热液体包括蒸汽和不可冷凝气体形式的地热蒸气，以及富含矿物质的盐水形式的地热液体。 接收用过的地热流体的消声器包括用于接收废流体的腔室，并且具有较低的出口，盐水从该出口处流出。 该室具有上部出口，地热蒸汽通过该出口流动。 热交换器连接到上部出口，热交换器具有用于接收地热蒸气的第一部分，第二部分包含由地热蒸气中所含的热量蒸发的工作流体。 结果，冷却的地热蒸汽在第一部分产生低pH冷凝物和不可冷凝气体。 通过下部出口离开消声器的盐水与低pH冷凝物和不可冷凝气体结合，形成可通过注入注入井而处理的废液。

公开(公告)号：US4905473A

公开(公告)日：1990-03-06

申请号：US366544

申请日：1989-06-15

申请人： Enos A. Bonham, Jr.

发明人： Enos A. Bonham, Jr.

IPC分类号： F03G7/04 ,  F22D11/00

CPC分类号： F03G7/04 ,  F22D11/006 ,  Y02E10/10

摘要： In a geothermal electric power generating plant of the type wherein a flow stream of hot geothermal brine is partially flashed to steam for turbine motive power, a system and method for removing entrained brine droplets and particulates from the flashed steam so as to protect turbine components from being fouled and damaged, and also to protect flash vessel demisters from being clogged and corroded. The hot geothermal brine is flashed to steam in flash crystallizer vessels, each of which receives the hot geothermal brine flow stream in its lower portion and has a baffle tray system in its upper portion through which the flashed steam passes. The baffle tray system provides a sinuous path for the flashed steam which produces a series of centripetal accelerations of the steam so as to centrifugally separate the entrained materials from the steam onto surface portions of the baffle tray system and wall portions of the upper portion of the flash crystallizer vessel. These separated entrained materials are flowed back down into the brine flow stream in the lower portion of the flash crystallizer vessel.

摘要翻译： 在这种类型的地热发电厂中，其中热地热卤水的流动流部分地被闪蒸成蒸汽用于涡轮机动力，用于从闪蒸的蒸汽中除去夹带的盐水液滴和微粒的系统和方法，以便保护涡轮机组件免受 被污染和损坏，并且还可以保护闪存容器除雾器不被堵塞和腐蚀。 热的地热盐水在闪蒸结晶器容器中闪蒸至蒸汽，其中的每一个都在其下部接收热的地热盐水流，在其上部具有挡板托盘系统，闪蒸蒸汽通过该系统。 挡板系统为闪蒸的蒸汽提供了一条弯曲的路径，产生一系列向心加速的蒸汽，以便将夹带的物料与蒸汽离心分离到挡板托盘系统的表面部分和上部的壁部分 闪蒸结晶器容器。 这些分离的夹带材料流回闪蒸结晶器容器下部的盐水流。

公开(公告)号：US4844162A

公开(公告)日：1989-07-04

申请号：US139582

申请日：1987-12-30

申请人： Brian W. Maassen ,  Richard G. Campbell

发明人： Brian W. Maassen ,  Richard G. Campbell

IPC分类号： E21B41/00 ,  E21B43/40 ,  F03G7/04

CPC分类号： F03G7/04 ,  E21B41/0057 ,  E21B43/40 ,  Y02E10/10 ,  Y10S423/19

摘要： Apparatus is provided for treating a flow of hot, pressurized, hydrogen sulfide-containing geothermal steam, particularly a flow of high-energy, surplus steam substantially as produced from the ground. The apparatus comprises a first condenser in which most of the steam in the flow is condensed, and a first separator in which the steam condensate is separated from residual amounts of steam and non-condensable gases (including hydrogen sulfide). An after-cooler is provided for cooling the condensate to a disposal temperature of less than about 200.degree. F. before the condensate is discharged into a disposal well, the disposal temperature being such as to create a vacuum in the disposal well. A second condenser is provided in which is condensed a substantial amount of the steam in the mixture of residual steam and non-condensable gases, the condensate being separated from a mixture of residual steam and non-condensable gases in a second separator. Condensate from the second separator is combined with condensate from the after-cooler and is discharged therewith into the disposal well. The mixture of non-condensable gases and residual amounts of steam is also discharged from the second separator into the disposal well, being drawn thereinto by the vacuum in the well. A corresponding method is provided for treating a flow of geothermal steam so as to control hydrogen sulfide emissions therefrom.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于处理热，加压，含硫化氢的地热蒸汽的流动，特别是基本上从地面产生的高能量，多余的蒸汽流。 该装置包括第一冷凝器，其中流动中的大部分蒸汽被冷凝，以及第一分离器，其中蒸汽冷凝物与剩余量的蒸汽和不可冷凝气体（包括硫化氢）分离。 提供了后冷却器，用于在冷凝物排入处置井之前将冷凝物冷却至小于约200°F的处理温度，处置温度使得在处理井中产生真空。 提供了第二冷凝器，其中残余蒸汽和不可冷凝气体的混合物中的大量蒸汽冷凝，冷凝物与第二分离器中的残余蒸汽和不可冷凝气体的混合物分离。 来自第二分离器的冷凝物与来自后冷却器的冷凝物组合并且被排出到处理井中。 不可冷凝气体和残留量的蒸汽的混合物也从第二分离器排放到处理井中，并通过井中的真空吸入。 提供了一种相应的处理地热蒸汽流的方法，以控制其中的硫化氢排放。

公开(公告)号：US4766730A

公开(公告)日：1988-08-30

申请号：US24038

申请日：1987-03-10

申请人： Masayuki Amano ,  Seiji Okawa ,  Yoshio Nakano

发明人： Masayuki Amano ,  Seiji Okawa ,  Yoshio Nakano

IPC分类号： F28B9/10 ,  F01K9/02 ,  F03G4/00 ,  F03G4/06 ,  F03G7/04

CPC分类号： F01K9/02 ,  F03G7/04 ,  Y02E10/10

摘要： A geothermal steam turbine plant comprises a steam turbine operatively connected to a production well, an indirect-contact type main condenser into which a geothermal steam including non-condensed gas is introduced from the steam turbine, and a cooling water supply system for supplying cooling water to the main condenser. The non-condensed gas contained in the geothermal steam is ejected by a gas ejecting system comprising a geothermal steam jet ejector connected to the main condenser, a direct-contact type condensing system connected to the steam jet ejector for condensing the geothermal steam into the geothermal water including substantially no non-condensed gas by directly contacting the steam to the condensate from the main condenser, a pipe line for returning the condensed water from the condensing system to the main condenser, and a condensate water pipe line for circulating the condensate water pooled in the main condenser to the condensing system so as to be independently located from the cooling water system. The condensate water pipe line is branched from a condensate water pump assembled in a pipe line extending outwardly from the bottom of the main condenser.

摘要翻译： 地热蒸汽轮机设备包括可操作地连接到生产井的蒸汽轮机，从蒸汽轮机引入包括非冷凝气体的地热蒸汽的间接接触式主冷凝器，以及用于供应冷却水的冷却水供应系统 到主冷凝器。 包含在地热蒸汽中的非冷凝气体通过包括连接到主冷凝器的地热蒸汽喷射喷射器的气体喷射系统喷射，连接到蒸汽喷射喷射器的直接接触式冷凝系统，用于将地热蒸汽冷凝成地热 通过将蒸汽直接接触来自主冷凝器的冷凝物，将冷凝水从冷凝系统返回到主冷凝器的管路和用于使冷凝水循环的冷凝水管线，将基本上不含非冷凝气体的水 在主冷凝器中冷凝系统，以便独立于冷却水系统。 冷凝水管线从组装在从主冷凝器底部向外延伸的管道中的冷凝水泵分支。

公开(公告)号：US4739830A

公开(公告)日：1988-04-26

申请号：US904281

申请日：1986-09-08

申请人： Hiroaki Niitsuma ,  Katsuto Nakatsuka ,  Hideaki Takahashi ,  Morihiko Takanohashi ,  Ko Sato ,  Fumihiko Chiba

发明人： Hiroaki Niitsuma ,  Katsuto Nakatsuka ,  Hideaki Takahashi ,  Morihiko Takanohashi ,  Ko Sato ,  Fumihiko Chiba

IPC分类号： E21B43/00 ,  E21B47/12 ,  E21B49/00 ,  G01V1/00 ,  E21B47/00 ,  E21B43/12

CPC分类号： G01V1/00 ,  E21B49/00 ,  E21B49/008 ,  F24J3/08 ,  Y02E10/10

摘要： A method of collecting geothermal steam using Acoustic Emission Microseismic Activity (AE/MA) measurement includes the steps of (a) surveying an AE wave emitted in subsurface cracks to obtain the size of a water permeable geothermal reservoir by analyzing the AE wave, (b) further surveying the AE wave emitted in and around the periphery of the geothermal reservoir, (c) operating the wellhead valve of the geothermal well connected with the geothermal reservoir, thereby extending or preventing the extension of the geothermal reservoir in accordance with the information obtained in step (a) and/or step (b), thereby stably obtaining a predetermined quantity of steam of high quality. Thus, the method can stably obtain geothermal steam of high quality by accurately surveying or monitoring subsurface cracks by an AE measurement technique and propagating the subsurface cracks or suppressing the propagation of the cracks.

摘要翻译： 使用声发射微震活动（AE / MA）测量方法收集地热蒸汽的方法包括以下步骤：（a）测量地下裂缝中发出的AE波，通过分析AE波来获得水渗透地热储层的尺寸，（b ）进一步测量在地热储层周边及周围发出的AE波，（c）操作与地热储层连接的地热井的井口阀，从而根据获得的信息延伸或防止地热储层的延伸 在步骤（a）和/或步骤（b）中，从而稳定地获得高质量的预定量的蒸汽。 因此，该方法可以通过AE测量技术精确测量或监测地下裂缝，并传播地下裂纹或抑制裂纹扩展，从而稳定地获得高质量的地热蒸汽。

公开(公告)号：US4739647A

公开(公告)日：1988-04-26

申请号：US696996

申请日：1985-01-31

申请人： F. Ronald Monticelli, Jr.

发明人： F. Ronald Monticelli, Jr.

IPC分类号： F03G7/04 ,  G01N1/22 ,  G01N15/00 ,  G01N21/85 ,  G01N25/14 ,  G05D11/13 ,  G01F1/74 ,  G01N21/00

CPC分类号： F03G7/04 ,  G01N21/85 ,  G01N25/142 ,  G05D11/131 ,  G01N2001/225 ,  G01N2015/0011 ,  G01N2021/8557 ,  Y02E10/10

摘要： An apparatus for continuous measurement of the proportion of relatively non-condensable gases in a flow of mixed gases, such as geothermal steam. The apparatus is an open system which detects the proportion of relatively non-condensable gases in a sample flow continuously. The sample flow is condensed and supplied in a tube which conditions the sample flow to consist of a series of segments of condensate and segments of uncondensed gases. The sensor senses the relative volume of the condensate and the uncondensed gases. The data processing means receives the output of the sensor and calculates the proportion of non-condensable gases in the flow of mixed gases. In the preferred embodiment, the sensor optically detects the ratio of the volume of the condensate to the volume of uncondensed gases. Also disclosed are applications of the apparatus for supplying the continuous measurement of the proportion of non-condensable gases in a flow of mixed gases for use in the monitoring of geothermal steam supplied to an end user.

摘要翻译： 用于连续测量混合气体流（例如地热蒸气）中相对不可冷凝气体的比例的装置。 该装置是连续检测样品流中相对不可冷凝气体的比例的开放系统。 样品流被冷凝并供应在管中，该管将样品流控制成由一系列冷凝物段和未冷凝气体段组成。 传感器感测冷凝物和未冷凝气体的相对体积。 数据处理装置接收传感器的输出并计算混合气体流中的不可冷凝气体的比例。 在优选实施例中，传感器光学地检测冷凝物的体积与未冷凝气体的体积之比。 还公开了用于在用于监测供应给最终用户的地热蒸汽的混合气体流中连续测量不可冷凝气体的比例的装置的应用。

公开(公告)号：US4596698A

公开(公告)日：1986-06-24

申请号：US415832

申请日：1982-09-08

申请人： Jerome S. Spevack

发明人： Jerome S. Spevack

IPC分类号： B01D53/34 ,  B01D53/52 ,  C01B4/00 ,  C01B17/16 ,  C01B17/20 ,  C01B32/50 ,  C01C1/12 ,  C01G3/12 ,  C01G9/08 ,  C01G49/12 ,  F03G4/06 ,  F03G7/04 ,  B01J10/00

CPC分类号： F03G7/04 ,  B01D53/34 ,  B01D53/52 ,  C01B17/167 ,  C01B17/20 ,  C01B31/20 ,  C01B4/00 ,  C01C1/12 ,  C01G3/12 ,  C01G49/12 ,  C01G9/08 ,  Y02E10/10 ,  Y10S423/19

摘要： Certain impure steams, especially those from geothermal sources, are contaminated with gaseous substances such as hydrogen sulfide, ammomia, carbon dioxide, substances comprising boron, arsenic and mercury, other gases, as well as finely divided particulate solid matter in a form resembling dust or smoke. These contaminants reduce the efficiency of the steam as a heat transfer fluid and are detrimental to equipment utilizing steam as an energy source. Furthermore, discharges from the utilization of such impure steams result in pollution of the environment or necessitate expensive requirements for limiting the same. The present invention describes apparatus wherein so contaminated steam is selectively processed at superatmospheric pressure for removing one or more of said contaminants and, after reduction of its energy content by pressure reduction and/or condensation of the steam, gases substantially free of hydrogen sulfide are discharged to the atmosphere. The apparatus includes means for contacting the impure steam with an aqueous liquid containing reactant capable of reacting with at least one of said contaminants in the steam, e.g. hydrogen sulfide, to form non-gaseous reaction products including solids, e.g. metal sulfides, and for separating and removing solids from the aqueous liquid phase. Means are also described for recycling untreacted reactant and/or for regeneration of reactant from metal sulfide, and for recovering byproducts from the reaction products. By use of the described apparatus, the utility of impure steam may be improved and pollution of the environment from emission of hydrogen sulfide and other contaminants may be avoided.

摘要翻译： 某些不纯的蒸汽，特别是那些来自地热源的不纯的蒸汽，被硫化氢，氨，二氧化碳，含有硼，砷和汞的物质，其他气体等气体物质以及类似于灰尘的形式的微细固体物质 抽烟。 这些污染物降低作为传热流体的蒸汽的效率，并且不利于利用蒸汽作为能量源的设备。 此外，使用这种不纯的蒸汽排放会导致对环境的污染，或者需要昂贵的限制条件。 本发明描述了这样一种装置，其中如此污染的蒸汽在超大气压下被选择性地处理以除去一种或多种所述污染物，并且在通过蒸汽的减压和/或冷凝来减少其能量含量之后，排出基本上不含硫化氢的气体 到大气。 该装置包括用于使不纯蒸汽与含有能够与蒸汽中的至少一种所述污染物反应的含水反应物接触的装置， 形成非气态反应产物，包括固体，例如硫化氢。 金属硫化物，并用于从水性液相中分离和除去固体。 还描述了用于循环未反应的反应物和/或从金属硫化物再生反应物的手段，并用于从反应产物中回收副产物。 通过使用所述装置，可以改善不纯蒸汽的用途，并且可以避免环境污染从硫化氢和其他污染物的排放。

公开(公告)号：US4532114A

公开(公告)日：1985-07-30

申请号：US505027

申请日：1983-06-22

申请人： Jerome S. Spevack

发明人： Jerome S. Spevack

IPC分类号： B01D53/34 ,  B01D53/52 ,  C01B4/00 ,  C01B17/16 ,  C01B17/20 ,  C01B32/50 ,  C01C1/12 ,  C01G3/12 ,  C01G9/08 ,  C01G49/12 ,  F03G7/04 ,  C01B35/00

CPC分类号： F03G7/04 ,  B01D53/34 ,  B01D53/52 ,  C01B17/167 ,  C01B17/20 ,  C01B31/20 ,  C01B4/00 ,  C01C1/12 ,  C01G3/12 ,  C01G49/12 ,  C01G9/08 ,  Y02E10/10

摘要： Steam from a geothermal source is usually contaminated with gaseous impurities including, inter alia, one or more substances comprising boron, arsenic and mercury. Such contaminants are detrimental to the equipment utilizing the steam as an energy source and also result in environmental pollution. Herein, a flow of geothermal steam at elevated temperature and superatmospheric pressure is processed upstream of said equipment by contacting the steam with an aqueous liquid whereby said impurities are extracted from the steam and transferred to the aqueous liquid while maintaining the steam at substantially said elevated temperature and pressure.

摘要翻译： 来自地热源的蒸汽通常被气态杂质污染，尤其包括一种或多种包含硼，砷和汞的物质。 这种污染物对利用蒸汽作为能源的设备是不利的，并且也导致环境污染。 这里，在高温和超大气压下的地热蒸汽的流动通过使蒸汽与含水液体接触而在所述设备的上游进行处理，由此所述杂质从蒸汽中提取并转移到含水液体中，同时保持蒸汽基本上处于高温 和压力。